DamDam--Break Flood Risk Management : Break Flood Risk Management : Nakdong River Case StudiesNakdong River Case Studies
Soontak LEE
Professor of civil and Hydrosystems EngineeringDean, Graduate School of Industrial Sc. & Tech.
Yeungnam UniversityDaegu 712-749, Korea
Dam, like “all structures, will be broken in the end —
just as all people will die in the future. It is the purpose
of the medicine and engineering to postpone these
occurrence for a decent interval”.
(J. F. Gordon)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Modern dam safety regulationsModern dam safety regulations
! Risk assessment at downstream floodplains
! Consideration of potential damages due to dam-break
— to increase the safety level along the river basin against
abnormal floods caused by dam accidents
! Following items should be considered by dam managers or exploitants :
— dam risk classification
— design flood selection criteria
— inundation maps and zoning
— basin vulnerability to floods
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Main objectivesMain objectives
! To improve the engineering capability for dam-break flow analysis and prediction on real complex situations
! To develop methodologies and guidelines for dam-break flood risk management in Nakdong River, Korea, as a first step toward a new integrated flood safety system based on structural and non-structural measures
! To create a new concept for operational crisis control and integrated dam safety management
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Integrated dam safety conceptIntegrated dam safety concept
! Technical - operational
— dam design, construction and exploitation
— minimize the failure probability
! Monitoring
— opportunity to observe and control the dam behavior
! Emergency and risk management
— planning and organization along the basin and all emergency
procedures in order to anticipate and mitigate the
downstream dangers from a dam accident
"""" To develop new methodologies for this third aspect
– supported by three pillars :
Downstream risk level Downstream risk level -- a new concepta new concept
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
DRLDRLDRLDRL
DAM OWNERSDAM OWNERSDAM OWNERSDAM OWNERS
PUBLICPUBLICPUBLICPUBLICAUTHORITIESAUTHORITIESAUTHORITIESAUTHORITIES
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND MEDIAPUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND MEDIAPUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND MEDIAPUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND MEDIA
SOCIETY BENEFITSSOCIETY BENEFITSSOCIETY BENEFITSSOCIETY BENEFITSBETTER PROTECTIONBETTER PROTECTIONBETTER PROTECTIONBETTER PROTECTION
PUBLIC PARTICIPATIO
N AND M
EDIA
PUBLIC PARTICIPATIO
N AND M
EDIA
PUBLIC PARTICIPATIO
N AND M
EDIA
PUBLIC PARTICIPATIO
N AND M
EDIA
INFORMATIO
N
INFORMATIO
N
INFORMATIO
N
INFORMATIO
N
LOCAL BENEFITS
LOCAL BENEFITS
LOCAL BENEFITS
LOCAL BENEFITS
CONS
TRAINT
S A
ND R
EGUL
ATIO
NS
CONS
TRAINT
S A
ND R
EGUL
ATIO
NS
CONS
TRAINT
S A
ND R
EGUL
ATIO
NS
CONS
TRAINT
S A
ND R
EGUL
ATIO
NS
SAFE
DES
IGN A
ND
SAFE
DES
IGN A
ND
SAFE
DES
IGN A
ND
SAFE
DES
IGN A
ND
OPE
RATION
OPE
RATION
OPE
RATION
OPE
RATION
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Social sciences contributions to dams and Social sciences contributions to dams and safety management at downstream basinssafety management at downstream basins
To know in order to define and support interventionTo know in order to define and support interventionTo know in order to define and support interventionTo know in order to define and support intervention
Specific features of communities in floodable areasSpecific features of communities in floodable areasSpecific features of communities in floodable areasSpecific features of communities in floodable areas
UNDERSTANDUNDERSTANDUNDERSTANDUNDERSTAND…
Who is at risk ?Who is at risk ?Who is at risk ?Who is at risk ?
Sociological, demographicSociological, demographicSociological, demographicSociological, demographic
and housing knowledgeand housing knowledgeand housing knowledgeand housing knowledge
Dam break risk public perceptionDam break risk public perceptionDam break risk public perceptionDam break risk public perception
People beliefs, attitudes, judgments andPeople beliefs, attitudes, judgments andPeople beliefs, attitudes, judgments andPeople beliefs, attitudes, judgments and
feelings towards damfeelings towards damfeelings towards damfeelings towards dam’s risks, benefits and safetys risks, benefits and safetys risks, benefits and safetys risks, benefits and safety
SocioSocioSocioSocio----geographicalgeographicalgeographicalgeographical
SocioSocioSocioSocio----structuralstructuralstructuralstructural
Diagnoses of vulnerabilities SDiagnoses of vulnerabilities SDiagnoses of vulnerabilities SDiagnoses of vulnerabilities Socioocioocioocio----demographicdemographicdemographicdemographic
SocioSocioSocioSocio----cognitivecognitivecognitivecognitive
Risk informingRisk informingRisk informingRisk informing
communication without alarmingcommunication without alarmingcommunication without alarmingcommunication without alarming
People living inPeople living inPeople living inPeople living inLocal authoritiesLocal authoritiesLocal authoritiesLocal authorities
disaster support institutionsdisaster support institutionsdisaster support institutionsdisaster support institutions
Promote acceptability and viabilityPromote acceptability and viabilityPromote acceptability and viabilityPromote acceptability and viability
of warning systems against spillwaysof warning systems against spillwaysof warning systems against spillwaysof warning systems against spillways
And dam break riskAnd dam break riskAnd dam break riskAnd dam break risk
Guarantee the efficiency of emergency plansGuarantee the efficiency of emergency plansGuarantee the efficiency of emergency plansGuarantee the efficiency of emergency plans
in case of dam breakin case of dam breakin case of dam breakin case of dam break
AIMSAIMSAIMSAIMS…
EstuaryEstuaryEstuaryEstuary
Imha DamImha DamImha DamImha Dam
Youngcheon DamYoungcheon DamYoungcheon DamYoungcheon Dam
Andong DamAndong DamAndong DamAndong Dam
Unmun DamUnmun DamUnmun DamUnmun Dam
Milryang DamMilryang DamMilryang DamMilryang DamHapcheon DamHapcheon DamHapcheon DamHapcheon Dam
Namgang DamNamgang DamNamgang DamNamgang Dam
AndongAndongAndongAndong
DaljiDaljiDaljiDalji
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
NakdongNakdongNakdongNakdong
GumiGumiGumiGumi
GoryeunggyoGoryeunggyoGoryeunggyoGoryeunggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong SamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjin
GupoGupoGupoGupo
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Nakdong river basin channel system with damsNakdong river basin channel system with dams
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Nakdong River system with
a catchment area of 23,393.7km2
and a river length of 509.7km
– largest river system in river
length and 2nd in catchment area
– 7 large multi-purpose dams in
operation
Dams in Nakdong river basinDams in Nakdong river basin
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
138.0160.0230.0135.075.0200.0200.0Dam foundation width(m)
0.200.200.300.25-0.250.18Core mean slope (1V:zH)
1.82.01.41.50.81.81.7Dam down slope(1V:zH)
2.22.71.41.50.12.22.0Dam upper slope(1V:H)
10.010.010.07.510.010.08.0Dam crest width(m)
407.0300.0535.01,126.5472.0515.0612.0Dam crest length(m)
7.87.22.553.030.331.060.0Reservoir area in HWL(km2)
7,594.02,959.03,054.014,892.08,984.09,362.09,913.0PMF peak inflow (m3/s)
135.396.473.6309.2790.0595.01,248.0Total storage capacity(106m3)
55.042.089.034.096.073.083.0Dam height(m)
ECRDECRDCFRDCFRDCGECRDECRDDam type
UnmunYeungcheonMilryangNamgangHapcheonImhaAndongDam
Index
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
DAMDAM--BREAK FLOOD SIMULATIONBREAK FLOOD SIMULATION
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Choice of the breach model
! To simulate a more accurate outflow for flood mapping and for a risk assessment analysis ;
! To support crisis management (including a potential evacuation action) during a dam incident with a threat of dam overtopping or piping ;
! To reproduce a dam incident with failure and opening of a breach
Model depend on the objectives :
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Dam-break flood simulation model
! Parametric model (DAMBRK model)
! Physical - parametric model (BREACH model)
Models used :
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! Breach formation (breach width, time and shape) assumed or estimated
! Different flood hydrograph types and flood peak values (including PMF) as well as reservoir water level before dam-break considered
! Dam-break flood peak values and outflow hydrographs estimated and compared with results by empirical estimation
Dam - break mechanism and outflow hydrograph
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Dam Dam -- break flood peak discharges by break flood peak discharges by different modelsdifferent models
39,12925,808(1.0hr)45,512
(1.0hr)46,589-113,929226,7013.0
53,23133,580(0.2hr)184,169
(0.2hr)47,660
(0.2hr)276,699135,274254,3712.0
72,55143,528(0.1hr)263,248
(0.1hr)48,907
(0.1hr)280,616166,193283,9171.0
3Hd
110.084.0178.068.0183.0146.0166.0Bb(m)T(hr)Bavr
37,14524,027(1.0hr)43,494
(1.0hr)35,343-106,580187,8393.0
47,11629,173(0.2hr)163,388
(0.2hr)35,653
(0.2hr)146,321125,153204,3092.0
58,55635,133(0.1hr)217,403
(0.1hr)35,690
(0.1hr)148,682145,400221,8181.0
2Hd
73.356.0118.734.0122.097.7110.7Bb(m)T(hr)Bavr
32,01720,094(1.0hr)40,345
(1.0hr)24,063-90,088137,5683.0
37,29122,717(0.2hr)129,723
(0.2hr)23,716
(0.2hr)94,20698,959145,6452.0
42,59625,717(0.1hr)159,000
(0.1hr)23,667
(0.1hr)94,686108,423154,1591.0
1Hd
36.728.059.317.061.048.355.3Bb(m)T(hr)Bavr
DAMBRK
38,77826,609---79,143105,598BREACH + DAMBRK
51,32720,522---78,74992,964BREACH
UnmunYeungcheonMilryangNamgangHapcheonImhaAndongDamModel
Unit : m3/s
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Uncertainty analysis of dam Uncertainty analysis of dam -- break flood break flood peak dischargespeak discharges
1, 000
10, 000
100, 000
1, 000, 000
1. E+06 1. E+07 1. E+08 1. E+09 1. E+10 1. E+11 1. E+12
To ta l Re s e rv o ir S to ra g e ( S ) *Da m he ig ht( Hd) ( m4)
Pea
k O
utfl
ow(m
3/s
)
Hagen(1982, Envelope Eq. based on S*Hd)MacDonald and Langridge- Monopolis(1984, based on S*Hd)Costa(1985, based on S*Hd)BREACHBREACH+DAMBRKDAMBRK(BREACH + 1Hd)DAMBRK(BREACH + 2Hd)DAMBRK(2Hd, 1hr)DAMBRK(2Hd, 2hr)Froehlich(1995a)
Dam Dam -- breach shape (Andong dam)breach shape (Andong dam)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
EL. 166.0m
L = 612.0m
Bt = 332.0m
83.0m
Bb = 166.0m
EL. 151.0m1:11:11:11:1
Dam Dam -- breach shape (Imha dam)breach shape (Imha dam)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
EL. 168.0m
L = 515.0m
Bt = 292.0m
73.0m
Bb = 146.0m
EL. 151.0m1:1 1:11:11:11:1
Dam Dam -- breach shape (Hapcheon dam)breach shape (Hapcheon dam)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
L = 472.0m
96.0m
Bb = 183.0 m
EL. 181.0m
EL.166.0m
Bt = 183.0 m
Dam Dam -- break flood outflow hydrographbreak flood outflow hydrograph
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
0
5 0 , 0 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0 0
1 5 0 , 0 0 0
2 0 0 , 0 0 0
2 5 0 , 0 0 0
3 0 0 , 0 0 0
0 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 8 . 0 0 9 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0Time (hr)
Dis
char
ge(m
3 /s
ec)
Ando ng dam Qp = 283,917c ms
Imha dam Qp = 166,193c ms
Hapc he o n dam Qp = 148,682c ms
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
DAM DAM -- BREAK FLOOD WAVE ANALYSISBREAK FLOOD WAVE ANALYSISAND AND
INUNDATION MAPPINGINUNDATION MAPPING
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Flood wave simulation model
! HEC-RAS Version 3.1.1
! DAMBRK model
— compared in solution of governing equations,
use of GIS and input of channel cross section data
— found HEC-RAS ⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤ.3.1.1 more efficient in GIS application.3.1.1 more efficient in GIS application
and geographic data inputand geographic data input
Models used :
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Geographical - spatial simulation by GIS
! Terrain model (Arc View)
! HEC - GeoRAS
— Numerical maps syntheses
— Convert to shape file
— TIN composition (3-D surface model)
— Stream section abstraction
— HEC-RAS import
— Formulated dam downstream section, dam-break flood
simulation and inundation mapping
Models used :
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Numerical maps synthesesNumerical maps syntheses
Shape file in Arc ViewShape file in Arc View
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Elevation layer shape fileElevation layer shape file
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
TIN compositionTIN composition
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Stream section abstractionStream section abstraction
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
HECHEC--RAS import in GIS formatRAS import in GIS format
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Formulated stream sectionFormulated stream section
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Flood wave mappingFlood wave mapping
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Dam-break scenarios
! Sc-A : Single dam-break
! Sc-B : Two dam-break (Andong + Imha)
! Sc-C : Three dam-break (Andong + Imha + Hapcheon)
The following three scenarios were assumed :
River channel system and damsRiver channel system and dams
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Youngcheon damYoungcheon damYoungcheon damYoungcheon dam
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
Unmun damUnmun damUnmun damUnmun dam
Milryang damMilryang damMilryang damMilryang damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Namgang damNamgang damNamgang damNamgang dam
AndongAndongAndongAndong
DaljiDaljiDaljiDalji
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
NakdongNakdongNakdongNakdong
GumiGumiGumiGumi
GoryeunggyoGoryeunggyoGoryeunggyoGoryeunggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong SamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjin
GupoGupoGupoGupo
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
River channel cross sections applied in River channel cross sections applied in simulationsimulation
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
River channel longitudinal profileRiver channel longitudinal profile
Hwang river
Nakdong river
Hapcheon damAndong dam
Imha dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Single dam-break simulation
18.987.7533.9845,711Goryenggyo
51.0223.3510.3130,441Estuary barrage
50.6023.2610.4033,324Gupo
42.3022.1512.9435,313Samrangjin
33.2014.3017.6735,590Jindong
28.2712.2324.3436,702Jeokpogyo
13.105.6338.3152,721Waegan
11.825.3240.4559,081Gumi
8.424.3845.0064,890Ilseongyo
5.472.6368.3169,408Sabeol
1.050.25116.19175,584Andong
0.000.00141.16283,917Andong dam
Max. flood W.L.arrival time(hr)
Flood wavearrival time(hr)
Max.flood W.L.(EL.m)
PeakDischarge(m3/sec)
Stations
! Andong dam-break results by extreme flood(PMF)
0
5 0 ,0 0 0
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 0 ,0 0 0
3 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0
S imula tio n Time (hr)
Dis
char
ge
( m
3 /sec
)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Downstream flood hydrographby Andong dam-break
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
AndongAndongAndongAndong
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
SamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjin
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Downstream longitudinal flood profileby Andong dam-break
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong dam-breakDownstream flood inundation map (1/2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong dam-breakDownstream flood inundation map (2/2)
Hyenpung 1:5,000
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Two dam-break(Andong + Imha) simulation
! Andong + Imha dam-break results by extreme flood (PMF)
42.2221.5313.6041,104Samrangjin
51.2224.4810.6738,487Gupo
51.6325.7210.5734,706Estuary barrage
32.3314.3818.8442,605Jindong
27.8012.5825.9943,816Jeokpogyo
18.977.9336.3459,529Goryenggyo
11.856.1740.7869,958Waegan
10.605.0543.0081,029Gumi
7.474.1547.9693,646Ilseongyo
4.752.7571.59105,328Sabeol
1.030.72122.38278,190Andong
0.000.00136.76166,193Imha dam
0.000.00142.59283,917Andong dam
Max. flood W.L.arrival time(hr)
Flood wavearrival time(hr)
Max.flood W.L.(EL.m)
PeakDischarge(m3/sec)
Stations
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha dam-breakDownstream flood hydrograph
0
5 0 , 0 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0 0
1 5 0 , 0 0 0
2 0 0 , 0 0 0
2 5 0 , 0 0 0
3 0 0 , 0 0 0
3 5 0 , 0 0 0
2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0
S imula tio n Time ( hr)
Dis
cha
rge
(m
3 /sec
)
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong damAndongAndongAndongAndong
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindongSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjin
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha dam-breakDownstream longitudinal flood profile
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha dam-breakDownstream flood inundation map (1/2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha dam-breakDownstream flood inundation map (2/2)
Gumi 1:5,000
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Three dam-break(Andong + Imha + Hapcheon) simulation
! Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break results by extreme flood (PMF)Max. flood W.L.arrival time(hr)
Flood wavearrival time(hr)
Max.flood W.L.(EL.m)
PeakDischarge(m3/sec)Stations
31.8320.9015.3266,266Samrangjin
41.4722.4311.6750,692Gupo
41.8523.3311.5249,552Estuary barrage
23.9018.1721.1452,062Jindong
19.1510.5031.1191,259Jeokpogyo
18.977.9335.9359,529Goryenggyo
11.856.1740.7869,958Waegan
10.605.0543.0081,029Gumi
7.474.1547.9693,646Ilseongyo
4.752.7571.59105,328Sabeol
1.030.72122.38278,190Andong
0.000.00124.15148,682Hapcheon dam
0.000.00136.76166,193Imha dam
0.000.00142.59283,917Andong dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break
Downstream flood hydrograph
0
50, 000
100, 000
150, 000
200, 000
250, 000
300, 000
20 40 60 80 100 120 140S imula tio n Time ( hr)
Dis
char
ge (
m
3 /sec
)
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong damAndongAndongAndongAndong
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJindongJindongJindongJindong
SamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinSamrangjinEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Hapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-breakDownstream longitudinal flood profile
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Hapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break (time-1)Downstream longitudinal flood profile
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
Hapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break (time-2)Downstream longitudinal flood profile
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
Hapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break (time-3)Downstream longitudinal flood profile
SabeolSabeolSabeolSabeol
JeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyoJeokpogyo
JindongJindongJindongJindong
Estuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrageEstuary barrage
Imha damImha damImha damImha dam
GoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyoGoryenggyo
Hapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon damHapcheon dam
Andong damAndong damAndong damAndong dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-breakConvert HEC-RAS simulation bitmaps to an AVIfile
0
5 0 , 0 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0 0
1 5 0 , 0 0 0
2 0 0 , 0 0 0
2 5 0 , 0 0 0
3 0 0 , 0 0 0
0 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 8 . 0 0 9 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0Time (hr)
Dis
ch
arg
e(m
3
/s
ec
)
Andong dam Qp = 283,917cms2010/7/21 23:16
Imha dam Qp = 166,193cms2010/7/21 23:00
Hapcheon dam Qp = 148,682cms2010/7/22 14:20
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break
Downstream flood inundation map (1/2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
by Andong + Imha + Hapcheon dam-break
Downstream flood inundation map (2/2)
Jindong 1:5,000
EEMERGENCYMERGENCYAACTIONCTIONPPLANSLANS
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
— For dam-break flood risk management
Internal and External EAPInternal and External EAP
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
IEAP EEAPDam’s owner Civil Protection
Main action for EAPMain action for EAP
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! Detection
! Decision making - - - - - - - - - - IEAP
! Alert
! Warning
! Evacuation } - - - - - - - - - - EEAP
Interaction between IEAP and EEAPInteraction between IEAP and EEAP
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! Definition of alert levels
! Alert and warning systems
Alert levels Alert levels (1/4)(1/4)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
- Authority(MOCT, KOWACO)
- Dam owner
Alert levels Alert levels (2/4)(2/4)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
- Authority(MOCT, KOWACO)
- Dam owner
- Civil Protection
Alert levels Alert levels (3/4)(3/4)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
- Authority(MOCT, KOWACO)
- Dam owner- Civil Protection
Alert levels Alert levels (4/4)(4/4)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
- Authority(MOCT, KOWACO)
- Dam owner- Civil Protection
Warning system Warning system (1/2)(1/2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
0. 00
5. 00
10. 00
15. 00
20. 00
25. 00
30. 00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Dis tanc e (km)
Tra
vel
Tim
e(h
r)
Imha Dam
Ando ng Dam
Ando ng + Imha Dam
Ando ng + Imha + Hapc he o n Dam
And
ong
Sabe
ol
Gum
i
Wae
gan
Gor
eung
gyo
Jeok
pogy
o
Jind
ong
Sam
rang
jin Gup
oEs
tuar
y ba
rrag
e
Imha
Flood arrival time to downstream areas of the dam
Warning system Warning system (2/2)(2/2)
Key points for EAPKey points for EAP
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! Inundation maps - Dam owners or managers— dam-break flood simulation — flash floods, abrupt waves
!! Risk zoning criteriaRisk zoning criteria—— water levelswater levels—— velocitiesvelocities—— times of flood arrivaltimes of flood arrival
!! Basin vulnerability criteriaBasin vulnerability criteria—— land useland use—— social andsocial and—— economical characterizationseconomical characterizations
Basin vulnerabilityBasin vulnerability
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
— Downstream zoning criteria
! Vulnerability
— defined as a measure of the level of exposure and of damage
susceptibility toward the dam-break flood
— physical vulnerability and socioeconomic vulnerability
should be included for each sub-zone downstream of the dam
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! maximum depth (water levels) (D)
! maximum flow power (V*D)
! maximum depth gradient
Physical vulnerability
— should include a quantification of the dam - break flood
impact as a function of variables like the following :
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Socioeconomic vulnerability— be a weighted function of several characteristics factors :
! Social— families (number of members)— individual (age, education)
! Property— buildings— economic activities
! Strategic infrastructures— power and water networks— hospitals
! Warning and emergency system! Civil protection response (including training)! Psycho-social (public perception)
External EAPExternal EAP
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! Means and resources allocation— for each vulnerability zone
! Actions of entities involved in crises management— Water organization or authority (Ministries, Institutes)— Civil protection national service— Dam owner or manager
! Action of entities involved in emergency— Civil protection national service
(National disaster prevention organization)— Civil protection agents— Municipalities
! Type of evacuation— by own people means— help of civil protection agents
Information systemInformation system
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
DAM INFO
EAP
Dam-break flood simulation
Flood wave analysis
Inundation
EAP in Nakdong River BasinEAP in Nakdong River Basin
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
! EAP for dam-break flood risk management in Nakdong river is being developed
!! All dams will dispose of emergency action plans, with All dams will dispose of emergency action plans, with proper alert and warning systems, in compliance with the proper alert and warning systems, in compliance with the legistrationlegistration
DamDam--Break Flood Risk Management :Break Flood Risk Management :
Some Dam Break AccidentsSome Dam Break Accidents
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failureTeton dam failure
! Location :— Teton river, Madison county, Southeast Idaho, U.S.A.
! Dam type :— 305-foot high earthfill dam
! Failure time :— 11:57 AM, 5 June , 1976
! Damage :— Loss of 14 lives— Cost estimated to be nearly $1 billion
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (1)(1)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (2)(2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (3)(3)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (4)(4)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (5)(5)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (6)(6)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (7)(7)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (8)(8)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Teton dam failure Teton dam failure (9)(9)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
St. francis dam failureSt. francis dam failure
! Location :— Santa clarita, California, U.S.A.
! Dam type :— 185 feet high curved concrete gravity dam
! Failure time :— 12 March , 1928
! Damage :— Lost 450 people— Destroyed 1,200 homes and 10 bridges
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
St. francis dam failure St. francis dam failure (1)(1)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
St. francis dam failure St. francis dam failure (2)(2)
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Sheffield dam failure Sheffield dam failure
! Location :— Base of the Santa ynez mountains,
northern end of Santa barbara, California, U.S.A.
! Dam type :— 720 feet long, 25 feet high concrete gravity dam
! Failure time :— 1925
! Failure cause :— Earthquake
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Sheffield dam failureSheffield dam failure
Water Resources Research Center YEUNGNAM University, Daegu, KOREA
Other damOther dam--break examples break examples (1/2)(1/2)
Other damOther dam--break examples break examples (2/2)(2/2)
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