Midterm Overview
• Chapters 2 through 11• Multiple Choice• Similar to questions at the end of each chapter
and in the homework assignments.• 50 questions• You will have the full class time to complete
Chapter 2
• The OSI 7 layer model• Know the layer names & numbers and the major
function(s) of each• 7. Application• 6. Presentation• 5. Session• 4. Transport• 3. Network• 2. Data Link• 1. Physical
Chapter 2
• Layer 2: Data Link• The NIC• MAC addresses
– 2 parts– Broadcast address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
• Frames– Max size 1500 bytes– CRC’s
• 2 Sublayers– Logical Link Control (LLC)– Media Access Control (MAC)
Chapter 2
• Layer 4 – Transport Layer– Assembly and Disassembly
• Layer 5 – Session Layer– Session tracking– Naming
• Layer 6 – Presentation Layer– Data conversion– Encryption
• Layer 7 – Application Layer– Internet Explorer– Email clients– FTP programs
Chapter 3
• Topology– Bus– Ring– Star– Hybrids– Mesh
• Formula for number of connections in a fully meshed network with x computers: x*(x-1)/2
– Point-to-Multipoint– Point-to-Point
Chapter 3
• Cabling– Coaxial cable
• Connectors: BNC and F-type• RG Ratings
– RG-6– RG-59
– Twisted Pair• Shielded (STP)• Unshielded (UTP)
– Category Ratings: 3, 5, 5e, 6, 6a
• RJ-45 connectors
Chapter 3
• Cabling (continued)– Fiber Optic
• Connectors: ST, SC, LC
– Serial Cables– Parallel Cables– FireWire– Fire Ratings
• Plenum vs. PVC
– IEEE Standards• 802.3 - Ethernet• 802.11 - Wireless LAN and Wi-Fi
Chapter 4
• Ethernet Frames– MAC addresses– Length (1500 bytes Max, 64 bytes min)– Data– Pad– Frame Check Sequence (CRC)
• CSMA/CD– Collision Domain
Chapter 4
• 10BaseT• 10BaseFL• Connecting Ethernet Segments– Daisy Chain hubs– Uplink ports– Crossover cables– Bridges– Switches
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)– Detects bridge loops
Chapter 5
• 100BaseT– Auto-negotiation– “Fast Ethernet”
• 100FaseFX• Full Duplex operations• 1000BaseCX
– Twinaxial Cable• 1000BaseSX• 1000BaseLX• 1000BaseT
– Needs Cat5e or higher
Chapter 5
• 10GBaseSR/SW• 10GBaseLR/LW• 10GBaseER/EW• 10GBaseT– Cat 6 – 55 Meters– Cat 6a – 100 Meters
Chapter 6
• Telecomunnications Room• Horizontal Cabling• Solid Core Vs. Stranded Core• Equipment Racks• Patch Panels– 110 block– 66 block
• Demarc
Chapter 6
• Pulling Cable• Rolling your own patch cables• Testing Cable runs• Crosstalk• Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)• Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)• Far End Crosstalk (FEXT)• Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
Chapter 6
• NICs– PCI– PCI Express– USB– Link Lights– Bonding
• Diagnostics– Lookback plug– Checking lights– Cable Testing– Toners (Fox and Hound)
Chapter 7
• TCP/IP• IP Addresses– 32 bits– Dotted decimal notation– IPCONFIG /ALL (Windows)– IFCONFIG (Unix/Linux/Mac)– 2 parts: Network ID and host ID– Subnet Mask
• Dotted Decimal notation• / notation (/24 or /8 etc)
Chapter 7
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)– Arp – a to show ARP table
• Class IDs– Class A – 1 through 126– Class B – 128 through 191– Class C – 192 through 223
• CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing)• Subnetting
Chapter 7
• Subnetting• Calculate # of hosts given the subnet mask– 2^(# of zeros in subnet mask) – 2
• Decimal to Binary conversion• Binary to Decimal conversion• Static IP Addressing• Dynamic IP Addressing– DHCP– Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
• 169.254/16
Chapter 7
• Special IP addresses– 127.0.0.0/8• Loopback
– Private IP’s:– 10.0.0.0 /8– 172.16.0.0 /16 through 172.31.0.0 /16– 192.168.0.0/8 through 192.168.255.0 /8
Chapter 8
• Routing• Routing Tables• Default Route• Metric (“cost”)• Network Address Translation (NAT)• NAT, Overloaded• NAT Translation Table
Chapter 8
• Port Forwarding• Port Address Translation• Dynamic Routing– Distance Vector– Convergence– RIPv1– RIPv2– BGP
Chapter 8
• Link State– Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)– IS-IS
• Hybrid– EIGRP
• Traceroute• My Traceroute (MTR)
Chapter 9
• Port numbers• 0 to 1023 = well known port numbers• 1024 to 49151 = registered port numbers• 49152 to 65535 = dynamic or private ports• Netstat– Netstat –n
• HTTP– Port 80
Chapter 9
• HTTPS– S stands for SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)– Uses port 443
• Telnet– Not secure– Uses port 23
• Rlogin (Remote Login)– Port 513
• RSH (Remote Shell)– Port 514
• RCP (Remote Copy)– Port 514
Chapter 9
• SSH (Secure Shell)– A secure form of telnet– Uses port 22
• Email– SMTP (Simple Mail transport protocol)
• Uses port 25
– POP3 (Post office protocol)• Uses port 110
– IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol)• Uses port 143
Chapter 10
• Network Naming• Domain Name System (DNS)• Hosts File• DNS Root Servers• Hierarchical name space• Fully Qualified Domain name (FQDN)• Name Servers
Chapter 10
• Common Internet File System (CIFS)• Ping• IPCONFIG• NSLOOKUP• DIG (Unix/Linux)• WINS• LMHOSTS• NBTSTAT
Chapter 11
• Security• Nonrepudiation• Encryption• Authentication• Authorization• Plaintext• Complete Algorithm• Ciphertext
Chapter 11
• symmetric-key algorithm– DES– RC4– AES
• Asymmetric-key algorithm– RSA
• Hash– MD5– SHA
Chapter 11
• Digital Signatures• Certificates• public-key infrastructure (PKI)• Authorization– access control list (ACL)– mandatory access control (MAC)– Discretionary access control (DAC)– Role-based access control (RBAC)
Chapter 11
• Authentication– Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)– Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)– Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)– MS-CHAP and MS-CHAPv2
• Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)– RADIUS– Kerberos– Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)– 802.1X
Chapter 11
• Encryption• SSH• Tunneling• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)• Transport Layer Security (TLS)• IPSec– Transport mode and Tunnel mode.
• HTTPS• SFTP, SNMP, NTP
The Midterm
• Bring a #2 pencil and an eraser.• Mr. Hodges will supply the scantron forms.• Closed book, closed note, closed computer.