CSGIOH001-00 LP3-1 www.nscsa.org
Leading causes of fatalities
Entry without testing Re-entry without testing Entering a space that has not been
ventilated Flammable/toxic vapors and gases
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-2 www.nscsa.org
Leading causes of fatalities cont’d
Oxygen deficiency Using air-purifying respirators in an
oxygen deficient atmosphere Electrical shock Defective or misused equipment Physical and emotional factors
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-3 www.nscsa.org
Exposure To Toxic Materials
Disease eg. Cancer, black lung, etc. Reproductive damage Allergic reactions Eyes, nose, throat, skin and/or lungs
burns at moderate levels of exposure Damage to any organ or tissue
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-4 www.nscsa.org
Personal Exposure Limits (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Ceiling (TLV-C) Time Weighted Average (TWA Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-5 www.nscsa.org
Threshold limit Value
An exposure to which nearly everyone can be exposed day after day without any adverse health affects.
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-6 www.nscsa.org
Ceiling (TLV-C)
Concentration that should not be exceeded, even momentarily.
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-7 www.nscsa.org
Time Weighted AverageTWA
8-hour day/40 hour week
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-8 www.nscsa.org
Short Term Exposure Limit(STEL)
15 min. exposure, 60 min. break, 4 times a day
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-9 www.nscsa.org
Immediate Danger to Life and Health (I.D.L.H.)
Immediate risk of injury, sickness or death.
NOT to be entered
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-10 www.nscsa.org
Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-11 www.nscsa.org
Lockout/Tagout
Energy sources• Electrical• Pressure• Momentum/Gravity• Residual / Store Energy
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-12 www.nscsa.org
Blind
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-13 www.nscsa.org
Flange/Blank
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-14 www.nscsa.org
Tag
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-15 www.nscsa.org
Lockout / Tag Devices
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-16 www.nscsa.org
Oxygen
Oxygen Concentration
Effect
22.5% and above Increase FlammabilityEntry is not allowed at this point
21% Ideal20.9% Normal19.5% Minimum required to
maintain safe working conditions
Less than 18% Loss of judgement and coordination
Less than 15% Gradual loss of consciousness
Less than 12% Sudden Collapse and loss of consciousness
LP 5-1
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-17 www.nscsa.org
Explosive Limits
Explosions
Explosive range:• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)(UFL)• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) (LFL)
Inhalation risks
LP 5-2
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-18 www.nscsa.org
Classifications for Hazardous Locations
Class 1-where there is a danger of explosion due to the presence of a flammable gas or vapor
Class 11-where there is a danger of explosion due to presence of a flammable dust
Class 111- where there is a danger of explosion or flash fire due to presence of a flammable fibers or flyings
LP 5-4
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-19 www.nscsa.org
Divisions
Division 1 -Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor,dust,fibers or flying, and air may exist under normal operating conditions
Division 2 - Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor, dust, fibers or flying, and air may exist under abnormal operating conditions ie. Accidental rupture of a vessel or container or failure of a ventilating system, etc
LP 5-5
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-20 www.nscsa.org
Groups
Class 1
Group A - Acetylene
Group B - Butadlene. Hydrogen, Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide
Group C - Acetadehyde, Ethylene, Cyclopropane, Ether Vapours, UDMH,Unsymmetrical
LP 5-6
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-21 www.nscsa.org
Groups Continued
Group D -Acetone, Ammonia, Benzene, Butyl Alcohol, Butyl Acetate, Ethane, Ethyl Acetate, Ethylene Dichloride, Gasoline, Heptane, Hexanes, Isoprene, Methane, Methanol, Ketones, Propanol, Petroleum, Octanes, Pentanes, Propane, Ethanol Propylene, Stryene, Toluene, Vinyl Acetate, Vinyl Chloride, Xylanes
LP 5-7
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-22 www.nscsa.org
Class 2
Group E - Metal dust includes Aluminum, Commercial Alloys and Magnesium
Group F - Carbon Black, Coal, Charcoal, Coke Dust Group G - Flour, Starch, Grain Dust
Groups Continued
LP 5-8
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-23 www.nscsa.org
Class 1
A/c hangers, Breweries, Petroleum refineries and plants Paint Manufactures Hospitals, Sewers Tanks containing flammable/combustible liquids
LP 5-9
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-24 www.nscsa.org
Class 2
Flour and Feed Mills Grain Elevator and ships Areas of packing pulverized sugar/Cocoa Coal Handling/ preparation Plants
LP 5-10
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-25 www.nscsa.org
Class 3
Woodworking Plants Textile Mills Cotton Gins/Seed Mills Knitting/Weaving Mills
LP 5-11
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-26 www.nscsa.org
Static Electricity
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-27 www.nscsa.org
Static Electricity
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-28 www.nscsa.org
Static Electricity
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-29 www.nscsa.org
Static Electricity
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-30 www.nscsa.org
Static Electricity
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-31 www.nscsa.org
Exhaust VentilationLighter than Air Vapours
(Caution)
PATH OF FRESH AIR PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……
…...
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-32 www.nscsa.org
Exhaust VentilationHeavier than Air Vapours
(Caution)
PATH OF FRESH AIR PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……
…...
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-33 www.nscsa.org
Dilution Ventilation - Effective
PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……
…...
PATH OF FRESH AIR
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-34 www.nscsa.org
Dilution Ventilation - Chimney Effect (Caution)
PATH OF FRESH AIR PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……
…...
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-35 www.nscsa.org
Combination - Dilution and Exhaust Ventilation (Effective)
PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……
…...
PATH OF FRESH AIR
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-36 www.nscsa.org
Hazards of Confined Spaces
02 deficiency/enrichment
Difficult entry/exit
Bulk materials
Electrical shock
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-37 www.nscsa.org
Dangers in Confined Space
fire/explosion toxicity drowning/entrapment Others
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-38 www.nscsa.org
Hazards of Confined Spaces
Working surfaces slips & falls
Temp Extremes
Noise conditions
Poor visibility
Psychological factors
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-39 www.nscsa.org
Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List
Communications Haz Mat Response Emergency response, (Rescue personnel)
notified or in place. Fire fighting response
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-40 www.nscsa.org
Example ofEmergency Response Plan
Check List cont’d
Medical Aid response Policing notified or in place Emergency evacuation plans ready or
implemented Personnel Responsibilities detailed
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-41 www.nscsa.org
Example ofEmergency Response Plan
Check List cont’d
Entry certificate (permit) completed with applicable signatures
Hazard Identification / Assessment Tag / Lockout Area cordoned off
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-42 www.nscsa.org
Example ofEmergency Response Plan
Check List cont’d
Warning signs posted. Emergency response equipment in place. Transportation Emergency response, plan all personnel
involved, brief given including additional emergency response procedures
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-43 www.nscsa.org
Purpose of the Entry Permit
To ensure existing and potential hazards are assessed.
Ensure preventive measures and procedures are identified.
Act as a checklist. In most case entrants are safe to work in
space within limits of the permit.
CSGIOH001-00 LP3-44 www.nscsa.org
Entry Permit
Prepared by a designated competent person
Valid for the duration of a shift, not exceeding 24 hours after tests performed
Unless the conditions under which the permit was issued change prior to task completion