Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Management for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture Sector
Ministry of Agriculture and IrrigationDepartment of Agriculture
Dr. Tin Ohnmar Win
Staff Officer
Agricultural Extension Division
November 29, 2012 ( Micasa Hotel, Yangon, Myanmar )
OBJECTIVES
� Disseminate current situation of PHT
management systems of Myanmar
�Observe packing / transportation/ export
procedures in Myanmarprocedures in Myanmar
�Identify strength and weakness in supply chain
�Action research on cross border value chain
�Discussion points for urgently need action plans
SeedSeedSeedSeedPreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation
Land Land Land Land PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation
Field Field Field Field MaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenance HarvestingHarvestingHarvestingHarvesting
StorageStorageStorageStorage
Value Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice Production
Packing and Packing and Packing and Packing and RepackingRepackingRepackingRepacking
MarketingMarketingMarketingMarketing
Grading and SortingGrading and SortingGrading and SortingGrading and Sorting
At WarehouseAt WarehouseAt WarehouseAt Warehouse
TransportationTransportationTransportationTransportation
Postharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon Rice
No. Stage Yangon(Hlegu Township)
Bago(Yedashe Township)
Ayeyawaddy(Zalun Tsp)
1. Harvesting (%) 1.4 – 2.1 1.1 – 1.8 1.2 – 1.8
2. Field Drying (%) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 –––– 3. 33. 33. 33. 3 1.71.71.71.7---- 2.42.42.42.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 –––– 6.26.26.26.2
3. Threshing/Cleaning 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 –––– 1.11.11.11.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 1.61.61.61.6 2.62.62.62.6---- 3.33.33.33.30.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 1.61.61.61.6 2.62.62.62.6---- 3.33.33.33.3
4. Transportation (%) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 –––– 1.71.71.71.7 2.02.02.02.0----2.62.62.62.6 2.12.12.12.1----2.92.92.92.9
5. Drying (%) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ---- 1.51.51.51.5 0.10.10.10.1---- 0.50.50.50.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ----1.11.11.11.1
6. Storage(%) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 ---- 3.33.33.33.3 ၁၁၁၁....၁၁၁၁ ---- ၁၁၁၁....၉၉၉၉ 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 ---- 3.33.33.33.3
Total Losses (%) 6.9 -13.0 6.6 – 10.8 13.2 -18.6
(Source: Field Survey, 2011 Nov 10-27, Hlegu, Yadashe and Zalun Townships)
Climate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of Grains
Source: World Development Report on Climate Change 2010
Drying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After Harvest
Rice bundles in the field drying: the most damaging step of postharvest losses for resource poor farmers, under erratic climatic condition, should suggest threshing immediately to reduce cracking broken and quality damages of milled rice
(Source: Field Survey, 2010 & 2011 Nov 20-27, Zalun Township)
ThreshingVillagers under 1-2 acres of farmland are sometimes difficult to invest threshers
and even tarpoulin sheets to prevent harvested rice from erratic climatic variation
(Source: Field Survey, 2011 November 20-27, Hlegu and YadasheTownships)
Prevention of Postharvest Losses Equal with Increasing of Sown Area
If Losses may be 10 %, Total Rice Production – 30 million MTTotal milled Paddy – 18 million MTLosses milled paddy – 1.8 million MT( can feed 9,00,000 people per year)
Highway Drying ( Cause quality damages of milled rice, storability, germination percent
and also to seedling vigour)
Source : Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw, CARTC Postharvest Training 10-14 Sep, 2012
Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in
Commercial ScaleCommercial ScaleCommercial ScaleCommercial Scale
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Nay Pyi Taw, 2011
Utilization of Dryers in Ayeyawaddy Region( Myanmar rice producer association is focal point for drying technology
development in Myanmar )
(Source: Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw( MRPA), CARTC Postharvest Training, 2012 September 14-19)
Storage System ( Hopper silo) in Commercial Scale
Initial Investment cost- 700-3050USD ( FOB Price)/ Set
Capacity – 3-300 Ton of paddy
Advantages:�Moisture proof�Storage pest reduce
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012
Storage pest reduce�Easy for fumigation�Aeration control�Temperature regulated
Disadvantages�Electricity need for operation� Clean out the crop residue
Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and
Light HouseLight HouseLight HouseLight House
Source: Chai village, DOA model farm, Nay Pyi Taw 2011-2012
Seed Production and Processing For Quality Rice
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012
Postharvest Losses of Food LegumesStage Black gram
( Phyu Tsp)Chickpea
( Chaung Oo Tsp.)Pigeon peaPigeon peaPigeon peaPigeon pea( ( ( ( MahlaingMahlaingMahlaingMahlaing))))
HarvestHarvestHarvestHarvest0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ---- 1.31.31.31.3 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. –––– 1.91.91.91.9 0.90.90.90.9---- 1.51.51.51.5
Transportation Transportation Transportation Transportation (((( field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor) 0.70.70.70.7---- 0.90.90.90.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 0.70.70.70.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 –––– 0.60.60.60.6
Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/CleaningCleaningCleaningCleaning
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 –––– 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 –––– 1.41.41.41.4 0.90.90.90.9---- 1.11.11.11.1CleaningCleaningCleaningCleaning
DryingDryingDryingDrying 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 0.90.90.90.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 –––– 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.70.70.70.7---- 0.80.80.80.8
StorageStorageStorageStorage 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 –––– 3.23.23.23.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 ---- 4.24.24.24.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 ----3.83.83.83.8
Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%) 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 –––– 7.57.57.57.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 –––– 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 –––– 7.87.87.87.8
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 Feb 18-25, Nyaung Bin Thar, Chaung Oo and Mahlaing,
Townships in Myanmar)
Storage of Pulses at Government Farm
( Hinthada Township)
17
Storage of black gram infarmers’ house
Lewai Township, Shar Chaung village( using superbag for airtight storage
for 5 months)
(Source: Farmers participatory
postharvest research in Shar Chaung
Village, 2011 and 2012 May to October,
Lewai Township)
Legumes Threshing Machines produced by Thapyay Tan Village in Yedashe Township
18(Source: Field Survey in Thapyattan Village, 2010 February- Yadhashe Township)
ColourColourColourColour Polishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for Legumes
Initial Investment-2040 - 3000 USD/set
( FOB price)
Capacity – 3-100 MT
Advantages: �Consumers attraction
19
(Source: UMFCCI, U Tun Aung, Bean Forum, 2009)
�Consumers attraction� Price up� Prevent storage damage�Reduce dull colour of beans
Storage and Stacking of Legumes at Warehouse
� Warehouses in Trade Zones required moisture and temperature proof storage faciliteis andinfrastructure
�Awareness on postharvest losses by brokers, middle men (agents) and wholesale depot andexporter are critically important.
�Ventilation and Temperature for storage food legume are important for prolong storability.
� Chemical fumigation should reduce for food safety and workers’ health aspect.
Mango from Myanmar ( cv. Seintalone ) Export to Singapore, Bangkok and China
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20-
25, Southern Shan State)
Mango from Yatsauk and Sesai
township go to Singapore market
( Farmgate price – 1 gm = 0.80 ks)
Transport Fee – 4 S$/ 10 kg
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20-25,
FOB, Taungyi ,S.Shan State)
Mango ( Sein Ta Lone, Hinthar, Yinkwe cvs.) prepare for Chinese market via 105 mile trade zone))
(Source: Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29,
Mandalay Region,
michaung Tat village)
� Mango export to China by Plastic basket ( reduce damages and spoilage significantly)
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern
Shan State State)
Cartoon used in 2009
Changes of Packing Systems from 2003 to 2012
Cartoon used in 2003
26
Cartoon used in 2010
Cartoon used in 2011
Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 mile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) China
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern
Shan State State)
Mango in High Beer Boxes arrive to 105 mile Trade Zone Auction
On 27 June 2012 ( 08.00 a.m.) ( Losses – 50 /540 box/truck )
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey at 105 mile trade zone, 2012 June 20-29,
Northern Shan State State)
Damaged Fruits on Truck Car under Rain on the Way ( Mandalay-Lasho-Muse- 105 Mile)
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 20-29, Mandalay and Northern
Shan State State)
Chinese Buyers decide market price at Mango AuctionBy Checking Fruit Quality
�15 -18 kg/ box = 40 to 120 Yuan (cv. Sein Talone)
�Criteria: free from heat damage
No underriped fruit
Free from fruit fly
Free from anthracnose and
stem end rot
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and
Northern Shan State State)
Action Plans for Action Plans for Action Plans for Action Plans for 2013201320132013----2014201420142014Based on the field surveys in Mandalay, Amarpura, Myitthar, Lasho, Muse, Taunggyi, Sesai and Yat Sauk Townships, the following action plans are recommended to be continue the activities.
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မnဆယA(၁၀၅)မSYငAကYနAသKယACရHဇY\ ၂၀၁၃ -၂၀၁၄ စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန+ စ]HပKFH/ကnHသနAHဝနAeက]HဌFန
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၂၀၁၃ - ၂၀၁၄ FAO+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန
၅။ သယAယnပSY NCဆFငAမaလYပAငနAHCဆFငAရKကAသnမRFHအFHပညFCပHသငAတနAHပSY NခRbခငAH မmtCလH၊ CတFငAeက]H ၂၀၁၂ -၂၀၁၃ bပညAနယA/တSYငAHCဒသeက]HအစSYHရအဖK_ N Y\H+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June and August, Mandalay, South
Shan and Northern Shan State State)
Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Development in MyanmarDevelopment in MyanmarDevelopment in MyanmarDevelopment in Myanmar
�Updated grading and sorting machines� Gravity separators and colour sorters� Dehydrators and dryers� Dehydrators and dryers� Packing machines and materials� Cold storage facilities and MAP system� Cool chain vehicles for transportation� Quality assurance laboratory� Sustainable encouragement of HRD
Cleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting Infrastructures
AyetharyarIndustrial Zone ( Taunggyi) for grading and sorting Who will invest?AyetharyarIndustrial Zone ( Taunggyi) for grading and sortingof mango before go to Singapore market ( Thanks to Southern Shan Mango Group)
Who will invest?
Who will invest?
Who will invest for mango farmers?/ Cooperatives?/ Association?
Packing with conveyer belt
Dehydration of leafy vegetables and fruits
Drying and Packing Systems for Tropical Fruits
Who will invest?
Systematic Palletizing System
Agricultural Commodity Prepared Ready for Cross Border (Export)
Who will invest?
Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation
Systematic aeration in packing system
Ready for Cargo ( Action to Change)(Systematic export at border point)
Actions for FutureActions for FutureActions for FutureActions for Future
Pelletizing in 2012 ( present) at
105 mile trade zone
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လSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFH သY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAH
Action Research in 105 MileTrade Zone ( Cross Border Point)
Myanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest Equipments
We have Human Resources and Technology but
No infrastructure and Equipment, yet.
Future ProspectFuture ProspectFuture ProspectFuture Prospect
� Post Harvest and Food Processing Industryisat a starting point in Myanmar as compared toThailand, China and Vietnam.
� But under proper strategic drive, it will be ableto set national standards such as GAPcertification, organic certification, ISO, HACCPcertification, trainings related certification,awareness and knowledge will be able tocomplete in region in 10 years afterwards, webelieve.
�Positive correlation between Technology awareness and adoption and Postharvest management system development.
� Clearly observed and identified the basic requirementof farmers.
� To createjob opportunitiesin villages,SMEsfor
SUMMARY
� To createjob opportunitiesin villages,SMEsforagro-based industry should be basically implemented.
� Concrete Policy for market and guarantee prices for agricultural commodities is essentially required.
RECOMMENDATION
Foundation of PHT need to be strengthened:
� Facilitate Producers, buyers and
exporters linkageexporters linkage
� Invite Private investment and FDI
� Infrastructure and Equipment are crucially needed
� Encourage SMEs
ACTIONS FOR FAREMRS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT!!!
CONCLUSION
Motivate growers
Provide technology
Support Seeds /
planting materials
Advise/ Education ProgramsQuality Products
Policy,
Rules and Regulations
Contract Signing
Coordinating between
Producers and Exporters
Regional Authorized
Organizations
FARMERSAND PRODUCER ASSOCIATIONS
Bilateral Agreement, Quality and Safety AspectTechnology Follow upDistribution and Marketing
BUYERS, EXPORTERS
AND
PRIVATE COMPANIES
Advise/ Education Programs
CoordinationQuality Products
Guarantee Market
Producers and Exporters