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FOODQUALITY

ANDSAFETY

Crop case and system case studiesPer Kudsk

Aarhus University, Denmark

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FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY

Crop case and systemCrop case and systemcase studies in ENDUREcase studies in ENDURE

Crop case studiesObjectives– Exploit the current knowledge on optimised

pesticide use in existing cropping systems– Develop optimised crop protection strategies and

applied them in different agro-ecological contexts– Change end-user practice from a ’pesticide only

and no-risk attitude’ towards a more integratedstrategy

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Crop case studies– Crops should represent different

domains of crops: Major and minor crops Annual and perennial crops Arable and vegetable crops Field and glasshouse crops

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Crop case studies– Wheat– Potato– Tomato– Pomefruit– Integrated Weed Management (Maize)

– Maize– Field vegetables– Banana

– Grapevine


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Crop case studiesFocus one specific crop pest issues, e.g.fungal diseases in wheat, late blight in potatoand whiteflies in tomato

Output:– Reports– Guides for advisors and farmers (From

Science to Field)– Input to Endure Information Centre


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WheatSignificans of cultivar resistance

Source: 108 trials in France

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Total fungicide input (TFI)Ne

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BCD 20 !CD 20 !C 20 !CD 10 !C 10 !BCD 10 !

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Total fungicide input (TFI)

Net y

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Resistant cultivar Susceptible cultivar

A: GS 25-31, B: GS 32-36, C: GS 37-50, D: GS 51-64


WheatCultivar resistance and fungicide requirement

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WheatFusarium

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WheatEuroWheat

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PotatoLate blight

Reducing primaryinoculum sources

Decision Support Systems

Performance of fungicides

Cultivar resistance

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TomatoWhiteflies – occurence of pest and virus

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TomatoWhiteflies – occurence of pest and virus

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TomatoWhiteflies – tools to manage the pest

Chemical control

Biological control

Exclusion

IPM strategies

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PomefruitScab, brown spot and codling moth -

State of art of prevention and control strategies

Lake Constance (Germany and Switzerland),Cataluña (Spain),Emilia Romagna, South Tirol and Trentino (Italy)Rhone Valley (France)BelgiumThe NetherlandsSweden.

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PomefruitIntegrated control of codling moth

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PomefruitScab, brown spot and codling moth -

State of art of prevention and control strategies

Conclusions:• Knowledge of integrated control well known• Modern communication technologies are used• Importance of different tools the same in the North and South• New EU member states could profit from existing tools• Bottlenecks exists, e.g. acceptance of resistant cultivars and technical and economic reasons

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Integrated Weed ManagementComparing strategies in maize

•Standard chemical treatment

•IWM (inter-row cultivation + chemical)

•Advanced IWM (lessherbicide than IWM)

Pisa (I), Dijon (F) &Flakkebjerg (DK)

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Integrated Weed ManagementComparing strategies in maize

•Standard and IWM provided similar weed control

•Advanced IWM provided poorer weed control in Pisa but not in Dijon and Flakkebjerg

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Integrated Weed ManagementYields, costs and environmental impact


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Cob yield (t DM/ha) Relative costs Environmental index (Ipest)

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Integrated Weed ManagementOther options for Integrated Weed Management

• Crop rotation• Stale seedbed• Cover crops• Intra-row cultivation

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MaizeKey pests and options to reduce pesticides in

eleven European regions

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MaizeImportance, occurrence and population

development of insect pests

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MaizeEuropean corn borer

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MaizeFusarium

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MaizeWestern Corn Rootworm


2008

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Field vegetables

Tasks:

• PPP (including BCA) availability in selected EU countries (major differences)• Evaluation of past and ongoing research on soil fumigation and steaming• Joint experimentation• Landscape management to improve biological control

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Identify science-based sources of innovationfor implementing alternative crop protectionstrategies (from basic research and casestudies)Promote a system approach and explore thepotential of ecological approachesIdentify relevant criteria for assessing thesustainability of crop protection strategiesDesign ex ante assessment tools throughknowledge-based models that would make itpossible the evaluation of innovative strategies

System case studies

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Designing innovative crop protectionstrategies requires:

• that emerging technologies are considered (DNA-based detection techniques, robotics, IT, etc),

• that new sources of resistance genes are explored• that the potential of landscape management of

cropping systems or deployment ofsemiochemicals for reducing pest incidence areconsidered

• etc.

System case studies

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Orchard systemsWinter crop-based systemsMaize-based systems

System case studies

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Status– Describing current systems in different regions– Proposing advanced systems making use of

existing tools and technologies

System case studiesMaize-based systems

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MS1: Silage maize, in rotation, irrigatedMS2: Silage maize, in rotation, not irrigatedMS3: Silage maize, not in rotation, irrigatedMS4: Silage maize, not in rotation, not irrigatedMS5: Grain maize, in rotation, irrigatedMS6: Grain maize, in rotation, not irrigatedMS7: Grain maize, not in rotation, irrigatedMS8: Grain maize, not in rotation, not irrigated



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XxxSeed treatmentsXXXInsecticidesXxxEarly sowing

xVariety choice

XxCrop choice in rotation

xxCrop resistance

XMajor tillage (ploughing)

XEarly detection

xField margin management

MS6MS3-MS7MS1-MS5Practices


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Status– Describing current systems in different regions– Proposing advanced systems making use of

existing tools and technologies– Compare the economic, environmental and social

sustainability of the current and advanced systemsusing DEXiPM

– SWOT (Strenghts Weaknesses OpportunitiesThreats) analysis


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Future activities– Design innovative systems– Compare the economic, environmental and social

sustainability of the innovative systems to that of thecurrent and advanced systems using DEXiPM


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Thank you for your attention

Questions?