Today, we will learn…✤ Exposure:
✤ Shutter Speed✤ Aperture✤ ISO
✤ The Exposure Triangle
Manual Mode
EXPOSUREIn photography, exposure is the amount of light in your image.
Exposure can be determined by three key factors: Shutter Speed Aperture ISO
OVER-EXPOSED✤ Too much light results in over-exposed images where there are areas of bright white
✤ These areas contain little or no detail or colors
✤ This can be used as a creative tool or seen as a mistake – this will depend on what you are trying to convey in your image
UNDER-EXPOSED✤ Too little light results in under-exposed images where there are areas of excess darkness
✤ These areas contain little or no detail or colors, often no contrast
✤ Again, this can be used as a creative tool or seen as a mistake depending on your subject and intention
EXPOSURE✤ Your goal: to capture correctly exposed images using the Manual Mode settings of a DSLR camera
✤ Achieve this through learning and applying knowledge of:
✤ Shutter Speed✤ Aperture✤ ISO
✤ Shutter Speed refers to how fast or slow your camera shutter will open to receive light
✤ It is measured in seconds and fractions of seconds, for example;✤ 1/1000th second = fast shutter, less
light✤ 15 seconds = slow shutter, more
light
SHUTTER SPEED
✤ Shutter Speed also controls how much motion blur is in your image
✤ Slow shutter speed (i.e. 1/15) = more motion blur, blurrier image
✤ Fast shutter speed (i.e. 1/1000) = less motion blur, sharper image
1/15 1/60 1/250 1/1000
SHUTTER SPEED
More light Less light
More motion blur Less motion blur
15s 8s 4s 1s ½ ¼ 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250
1/4 1/40 1/1000
1-5 minute Shutter Speed
36 minute Shutter Speed!
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where a fast shutter speed would be appropriate?
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where a slow shutter speed would be appropriate?
BRAINSTORM
✤ Is this a fast or slow shutter speed?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
✤ Is this a fast or slow shutter speed?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
✤ Aperture refers to the diaphragm within your camera lens, and how big or small the opening is
✤ Smaller opening = less light✤ Larger opening = more light✤ Measured in f-stops
✤ Smaller f-stop number = more light✤ Larger f-stop number = less light
APERTURE
✤ Aperture also controls your depth of field (how much of the image is in focus)
✤ The smaller the f-stop (larger aperture) the less or narrower depth of field
✤ The larger the f-stop (small aperture) the more or wider depth of field
More light Less light
Narrow DOF Wide DOF
✤ Aperture and Depth of Field can be confusing – it’s almost backwards
✤ The lower f-stop number = a larger opening… BUT that = less in focus
✤ The higher f-stop number = a smaller opening… BUT that = more in focus
✤ Let’s come up with a trick to remember this confusing setting…
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where f/2.8 would be an appropriate aperture?
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where f/22 would be an appropriate aperture?
BRAINSTORM
✤ What f-stop is this photo?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
✤ What f-stop is this photo?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
PUTTING IT TOGETHER✤ The Shutter Speed and Aperture work together – remember
they both control how much light gets into your camera✤ If you want a fast shutter
speed you may need to have a lower f-stop (larger aperture opening)
✤ And, if you want a slower shutter speed you may need to have a higher f-stop (smaller aperture opening)
✤ ISO refers to how sensitive your camera’s digital sensor is to light
✤ It is measured in doubling or halving the previous ISO stop;✤ 100 ISO = less sensitive✤ 3200 ISO = very sensitive
ISO
✤ ISO also controls how much grain (noise) is in your image
✤ Low ISO (i.e. 100) = less noise, smoother/cleaner image
✤ High ISO (i.e. 3200) = more noise, more grain
ISO
More light Less light
More noise Less noise
6400 3200 1600 800 400 200 100
ISO
✤ 100-200: Outside, bright sun✤ 400: Shade, overcast
conditions✤ 400: Bright light indoors✤ 800-1600: Stormy day, dusk✤ 800-1600: Low light indoors
CHOOSING AN ISO
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where an ISO 100 would be appropriate?
✤ What are some subjects you could photograph where an ISO 1600 would be appropriate?
BRAINSTORM
✤ Was this photo taken with ISO 100 or a ISO 1600?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
✤ Was this photo taken with ISO 100 or a ISO 1600?
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE…
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
✤ Now – Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO all work together – remember Aperture and Shutter Speed control how much light gets into your camera, and ISO is your camera’s sensitivity to that light
f/3.2ISO 100
1/8 sec shutter speed
f/2.8ISO 3200
1/1000 sec shutter speed
f/2.2ISO 3200
1/500 sec shutter speed
f/2.2ISO 400
1/60 sec shutter speed
✤ In order to achieve excellent results, you need to think about all three exposure elements
✤ An imbalance of any of the elements can create an underexposed or overexposed image
Exposure
Aper
ture
Shutter Speed
ISO
BACK TO EXPOSURE
EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
USING MANUAL SETTINGS✤ If you have a DSLR
camera, you can adjust the shutter speed, aperture and ISO to affect the lighting, mood and overall look of your images
✤ These settings give you greater control than a point-and-shoot camera
CAMERA SETTINGS✤ DSLR Cameras have Auto settings and Manual settings – for
this assignment you will only use the Manual settings
Auto or Point and Shoot Modes
Manual or Creative Modes
PROGRAM MODE✤ Shutter Speed and Aperture are set in unison automatically
✤ When you change the shutter speed, the aperture changes automatically
✤ When you change the aperture, the shutter speed changes automatically
✤ You can set the ISO as desired
P
PROGRAM MODE P
Shutter Speed
Aperture/f-stop
ISO
Note: this is specific to Canon brand cameras, image may vary slightly from school camera model
SHUTTER PRIORITY MODE✤ In TV mode, you control the shutter speed
✤ By turning the main dial on your camera, you can adjust the shutter speed to your liking based on your subject and/or the amount of light in the scene
✤ The aperture will set automatically
✤ You can set the ISO as desired
TV
SHUTTER PRIORITY MODE TVShutter Speed
ISO
Note: this is specific to Canon brand cameras, image may vary slightly from school camera model
✤ In AV mode, you control the f-stop/aperture
✤ By turning the main dial on your camera, you can adjust the f-stop
✤ The shutter speed will set automatically
✤ You can set the ISO as desired
APERTURE PRIORITY MODE AV
APERTURE PRIORITY MODE AV
Aperture/f-stop
ISO
Note: this is specific to Canon brand cameras, image may vary slightly from school camera model
✤ In M mode, the aperture and the shutter speed can be altered.
✤ By turning the main dial on your camera, you can adjust the shutter speed.
✤ By holding down the AV button on the back of the camera and then turning the main dial, you can adjust the aperture
✤ You can set the ISO as desired
MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE M
MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE M
Main dial
AV button
Note: this is specific to Canon brand cameras, image may vary slightly from school camera model
MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE M
Shutter Speed
Aperture/f-stop
ISO
Note: this is specific to Canon brand cameras, image may vary slightly from school camera model
CANON REBEL T5
CANON REBEL T5
CANON SHOOTING MODES
NIKON SHOOTING MODES
✤ Shutter Speed✤ Use Shutter Priority (TV) mode✤ Shoot a minimum of 20 pictures experimenting with the shutter speed
✤ Choose a moving subject and photograph it with a range of shutter speeds
✤ Choose subjects in high or low light and photograph them with a range of shutter speeds
✤ I want to see over, under and perfect exposures✤ I want to see movement & stillness✤ REMEMBER to change the ISO as needed based on your lighting
PRACTICE
PRACTICE✤ Depth of Field
✤ Use Aperture Priority (AV) mode✤ Shoot a minimum of 20 pictures experimenting with the aperture
✤ Choose subjects that have depth or are at different distances from the camera and photograph them with a range of apertures/f-stops
✤ Experiment with adjusting the aperture to focus on different elements, and then have them all in focus
✤ I want to see creative uses of aperture and depth of field✤ I want to see proper exposure in all pictures✤ REMEMBER to change the ISO as needed based on your lighting
PRACTICE✤ Manual Exposure
✤ Use Manual Exposure (M) mode✤ Shoot a minimum of 20 pictures experimenting with shutter speed &
aperture✤ Choose subjects where you want control over both the shutter speed and
the depth of field✤ This mode will be more challenging as you have to adjust your shutter
speed as you adjust your aperture, and vice versa✤ I want to see experimentation in exposure and depth of field✤ I want to see a least 5 properly exposed photographs with image
enhancing focus✤ REMEMBER to change the ISO as needed based on your lighting
SKETCHBOOK – Part 1✤ Brainstorm a minimum of 10 possible subjects you could
photograph for each shooting mode you will practice:✤ 10 subjects for Shutter Priority✤ 10 subjects for Aperture Priority✤ 10 subject for Manual Exposure
✤ Subjects for each mode should be different and related to how the shooting mode works✤ i.e. person riding bicycle for Shutter Priority – blur, no blur
SKETCHBOOK – Part 2✤ Find a minimum of 3 visual examples for each shooting
mode✤ Choose images that may be similar to the subjects you
already brainstormed✤ Print the images (minimum total of 9) and attach them to
sketchbook pages✤ NOTE: it may be a good idea to dedicate one sketchbook
page to each mode – brainstormed subject list and visual examples are together on the same page
HOW WILL THIS WORK?✤ If you have your own DSLR camera you can complete this
assignment anytime before the due date✤ If you borrow a DSLR camera from the school, you will sign it
out for one week anytime before the due date✤ I have 3 DSLR cameras you may borrow✤ Each student will sign one camera out for one full week✤ REMEMBER there are only XX weeks before this project is
due, DO NOT wait until the last minute to borrow a camera!✤ Think about your plans… do you need to borrow a tripod too?
DUE DATES:✤ Sketchbook (20 points):
✤ DUE: class before you take the camera home✤ Contact Sheet (60 images = 60 points):
✤ DUE: no later than 12/19/16✤ 6 Best Images – 2 from EACH Shooting Mode (100 points):
✤ DUE: no later than 12/19/16