Crafting the Dream Innovative Ecosystem for Improving Livelihoods: Bhoochetana – A Case Study Suhas P Wani and Team Resilient Dryland Systems
Our Challenges: Hunger, Poverty and Sustainable Development
337
24
596
384
Sub-Saharan Africa 384 M
East Asia and Pacific 334 M
South Asia 596 M
Central Asia
24 M
(28.7%) (25%)
(44.5%)
(1.8%)
1338 million hungry people, mainly in developing world
1 Billion in Rural areas
• Climate crisis • Water crisis • Desertification • Food crisis • Energy crisis • Population crisis • Biodiversity crisis
The Big Threat: A Looming Storm
Rainfed Agriculture – A Large Untapped Potential
Current farmers’ yields are lower by 2 to 5 folds than the achievable yields
Vast potential of rainfed agriculture needs to be harnessed
Observed Yield Gap between Farmers’ Yield and Achievable Yields
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Zam
bia
Tan
zani
a
Ken
ya
Uga
nda
Eth
iopi
a
Bur
kina
Fas
o
Nig
er
Bot
swan
a
Zim
babw
e
Vie
tnam
Tha
iland
Indi
a
Iran
Iraq
Jord
an
Mor
occo
Pak
ista
n
Syr
ia
Yem
en
Source: Derived from Rockstrom et al., 2007
Farmers yields are lower by 2 to 4 folds of achievable yields
Opportunities: Large Yield Gaps for Rainfed Crops in Karnataka
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Kharif
Sorghum
Pearl
millet
Groundnut Pigeonpea Chickpea Rice Cotton Ragi Sunflower Maize
Crop
Yie
ld (
kg
ha
-1)
Potential Farmers'
(179)
(325)(174)
(276)
(361)
(102)
(118)
(88)
(170)
(68)
* Figures in braces show % yield gaps from current levels
Unlocking the Potential of Rainfed Agriculture: How?
Good potential exists to double the productivity and contributions to world’s food basket from rainfed agriculture
What to do is known but how to do it?
In the rainfed areas even with primary scarcity of water, it’s potential is held back because of inappropriate crop and land management options adopted by farmers
GoK-ICRISAT Initiative to Bridge Yield Gaps: Bhoochetana
Goal Touch the lives of 3.6 million families by increasing productivity of crops in the state by 20% in four years
Objectives of Mission Mode Project
To identify and scale-up best management practices (soil, crop, nutrient and water management) to enhance productivity by 20% of crops in 30 districts
To train DoA staff in stratified soil sampling in villages, analysis of micronutrients, preparation of GIS-based soil maps. To guide DoA to establish high-quality Soil Analysis Laboratory in Bangalore. Training field staff of DoA for implementing the NRM technologies
To build the capacity of the stake holders (farmers and consortium partners) to implement practices in the sustainable management of natural resources and enhancing productivity in dryland areas
Farmers’ Centric Watershed as an Entry Point for Inclusive Market Oriented Development (IMOD)
for Improving Livelihoods
IGNRM, holistic livelihood approach
Science-based consortium approach
Sustainability, empowerment and KS
Social inclusion (equity & gender)
Bhoochetana: Consortium Approach
ICRISAT
UAS (B,D,R)
CBOs WDD
DOA
Strategy
Mission mode and adopt the principle of convergence to be implemented
Adopt IGNRM-holistic “Seed to Food” (plate) chain strategy
Consortium approach SAUs – Government line departments – NGOs – Farmers - ICRISAT
Identify one or two major rainfed crops in selected districts
Establish participatory action research cum demonstration trials
Ensure the availability of quality inputs in timely manner
Detailed planning and monitoring at different levels
Lead farmers as trainers and para-agricultural workers
Strategy (Contd..)
Assess soil health in all the districts
Identify high-yielding cultivars preferred by the farmers
Establish village seed and nutrient banks
Make available necessary machines where needed through custom hiring centers
Provide necessary and timely technical back-up
Share knowledge with farmers statewide through farmers days, videos, literature in local language and train farmers as master trainers (provide space and resource)
Ensure procurement by providing MSP
Interventions
• Innovative scaling-up model
• Science-led interventions
• Diagnostic science tools
• Systemic change by working with all actors
• New extension approach
• End to end solutions
• Enabling policies, institutions
• Input delivery systems
• Transparent monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
Empowered Farmers as Extension Agents
Farm Facilitators (FF) and Lead Farmers (LF)
Every 500 ha one FF and 2-3 LFs
Training and empowering FFs and LFs
To be certified and quality assurance
Training of Farm Facilitators
Master trainers to train FFs and LFs
Hands-on training with class rooms
Technician to be available for supporting FFs
and LFs
Regular training and availability of literature
Sharing Soil-test Results with Stakeholders
Soil Fertility Atlas Released
New Innovative Extension Systems
Knowledge Sharing: Field Days
Bhoochetana in the Limelight
Impacts
Outputs and Outcomes
Bhoochetana: Extent of Area Coverage
Component 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012 Kharif
Area (million ha) 0.2 1.2 2.85 3.73
No. of districts 06 16 30 30
No of Villages 1440 5030 14014 26293
No of farmers (millions)
0.2 0.8 2.2 4.39
No. of farmer facilitators for extension activities
517 2500 5688 9700
No. of lead farmers 1867 10500 45000
Crops Ragi, Maize, Groundnut &
Soybean
Ragi, Maize, Groundnnu,
Soyvbea, Cotton, Redgram, Bajra,
Blackgram, Jowar,
Greengram, Bengal Gram
Ragi, Groundnut, Tur, soybean, cowpea, Greengram, Maize, Bajra, Sunflower, Safflower, Jowar,
Avare, Cotton, Rainfed paddy
Increased Crop Yields by 23 to 66 per cent for Small Farmholders
Mean yields of ragi, maize and soybean from farmers’ fields in different districts of Karnataka during kharif season 2009
36
%
39
%
34
% 23
%
38
%
26
%
42
%
53
%
Increased oil seed crop yields with improved management practices under Bhoochetana over farmers’ practice in different districts, rainy
season 2011
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2009 2010 2011 2012 Maize 4Years
2009 2010 2011 G.nut 3Years
Gra
in /
Pod
yie
ld (k
g ha
-1)
Farmers' practice
Improved practice
Haveri District Maize and Kolar District Groundnut crop yield data
31%
43%41%
33%
37%33%
33%
29%
44%
Haveri Maize Kolar Groundnut
Increased yields of maize in Haveri and groundnut in Kolar districts with improved management during 2009-2012
Increased Family Incomes and State’s Economic Growth
Crop
Production with FM
(Million t)
Production increase with IM
(Million t) Price
(Rs t-1)
Increase economic
value with IM (Rs in crores)
Total production (Million t)
Grand Total (Pulses)
0.22 0.02 33,000 73.34 0.24
Grand Total (Cereals)
4.05 0.48 9,700 463.56 4.53
Grand Total (Oilseeds)
0.35 0.05 23,967 109.81 0.40
Total 4.62 0.55 646.71 5.17
We have reached to 10 to 20% of recommended quantities of micro and secondary nutrients
Outcomes Increased adoption of improved cultivars, balanced nutrient
management, use of biological agents and machinery, enhanced economic profitability (B:C ratios 1.2 to 14.6:1)
Has become a flagship program of GoK and DoA is a motivated force and exampler not only for other line departments but for other states also
GoK-CGIAR initiative requested by the government
GoI has recommended Bhoochetana model to other states
ICAR has asked ICRISAT to help Government to demonstrate Bhoochetana in North India
ICAR has asked CG centres to develop a program for rainfed agriculture
Government of Andhra Pradesh has adopted Bhoochetana with ICRISAT’s technical backstopping
Government of Philippines has established PhiRARDEP and launching Bhochetana in three benchmark sites of 10,000 ha each
Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra are also discussing with ICRISAT for similar approach
Awards and Recognitions
Krishi Karman Award for the highest productivity of Coarse Cereals thru Bhoochetana. This award was instituted to recognize state’s contribution to increase the food production in the country.
Agriculture Leadership Award – 2011 as a best performing State by Agriculture Today
The Way Forward
Impacts of Climate Change: Increased Dryland Areas
Government of Karnataka-CGIAR Initiative
Need to Improve Meticulous Planning and Anticipatory Management
Strengthen and Build the Team to Help the Farmers and Ourselves
Together We Swim and Help the Farmers
Thank you!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium