Management Counselling Approaches
Directive :- Manager dictates solution Prescriptive :- Suggests possible solution &
encourages its adoption Negotiative :- After offers & counter-
offers ,both arrive at agreements Consultative :- Discusses on employee
provided solutions to get better ones Non-directive :- Encourages employee to
design solutions
Counselling ProcessCounselling is a process with a
beginning, a middle and an end, Where
the counsellor facilitates an individual to consider the aspects of their life they wish to change.
Each process has a task to accomplish
Counselling ProcessThe whole idea is to enable the client
to explore a difficulty or distress which they may be experiencing, assisted by the counsellor who would guide the client from feeling a victim of circumstances to feeling that they have more control over their life
5
Stage 1 - Preparation Identify the need : An awareness of a problem &
the need for help Readiness : The client should be ready to accept
help Factors affecting readiness
IgnoranceResistanceLack of motivationAttitude
Place Notify in advance Time of meeting Organise information
Stage II – Pre Counselling SessionInitial interview to get acquaintedPreparation of case historyExploration of the client’s concern for
the problem
Stage III – Building up Rapport & relationship
Very Critical as it paves the way for a constructive relationship
Relationship includes trust, respect & relative psychological comfort
Rogers in 1957 proposed the core conditions for successful counselling
Unconditional +ve regard Empathy Congruence:- Both consider the issue from the same
perspective & aim for the same goals
Stage III – Building up Rapport & relationship
Other conditions include:-RespectAcceptanceGenuinenessListeningConcretenessConfidentiality
Recognise a client need
Understand the need
Meet the need
Stage IV – Problem Definition & Goal setting
1) Beliefs may Contribute to the problemInhibit the solutionBecome the problem
2) Feelings/responses mayExaggerate the problemInhibit comprehension of the problemBecome a problem
Stage IV – Problem Definition & Goal setting
3) Behaviour /response mayBe inappropriateContribute to the problemComplicate the problem
4) Interaction patterns mayLead to miscommunication Greater expectationsCopying Styles
Stage IV – Problem Definition & Goal setting
5) Contextual factorsTimePlaceCultural & Socio-Political issues
Stage IV – Problem Definition & Goal setting
The clients might make different types of statements
Based on facts & Alternatives
Based on Judgements,preferences,Dislikes
Based on specific type of behaviour
Based on emotions,Conflicts,pressures,fears & expectations
Problem Definition
Exploration of information for assessing the problem is gathered from
Client’s perspective
Counsellor’s perspective
Other’s perspective
Problem Definition
Re-assessment implies changing from known ,apparent views to less known, hidden dimensions
When new perspectives/insights are discovered, approaches to change can be evolved
Challenging is a difficult task as it involves re-directing the thought process & dealing with the discomfort they experience
Confrontation Self confrontation Feedback Directives
Problem Definition
Goal Setting
Prioritising, Focusing & Accepting the problem
Allowing the client to state the goals
Determines the selection of interventions
1) To change an unwanted or unwelcome behaviour
2) To cope better in a stressful situation
3) To make & implement decisions
4) To enhance relationships
5) To help in client’s journey towards achieving his potential
Goal Setting
Stage V – Intervention & Problem Solving
An action plan to meet the goals is made
Clearly indicate the steps to be taken by the client & the interventions utilised by the counsellor
Implementation activities include specific counselling, training & education, group therapy etc
A successful treatment plan includes
Goals clearly defined & reachablePlans adapted with timePositive ,action-oriented focusClient’s willingness & motivation to
follow it
Stage V – Intervention & Problem Solving
Stage VI - Termination
Termination is important as a means of empowering the client by creating a temporary closure of relationship
Termination is considered when:-
Awareness by counselor & counselee that the work is completed
When it seems that counselling is not being helpful
It is not a clear-cut ending, but also no need to continue beyond necessity
Stage VI - Termination
Suggested termination Imposed termination Situational termination Early termnation
A gradual tapering off of sessions Therapeutic vacations-break without breaking
the connection
Counselor should carefully consider the most effective way to terminate each client
Open Door policy
The client should review the future plan of action in his own words
A future date is identified in consultation with the client for reviewing the progress & evolving corrective measures
Stage VI - Termination
Stage VII – Follow up
Counselor’s role to be an evaluator & navigator
Follow up is to :-
Review Progress
Review the Learning