Cooperating Technical Partners Information Exchange
USGS 3DEP Program Supports FEMA Flood Mapping
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Additional Logistics
ASFPM Mapping and Engineering Standards Committee
Cooperating Technical Partners Sub-committee
Co-chairs:
• Thuy Patton, CFMColorado Water Conservation Board
• Carey JohnsonKentucky Department for Environmental Protection
Goals:
• Identify common concerns
• Provide opportunities for information exchange
• Identify training needs
• Promote and document the value of CTPs
Agenda
Introduction - Alan Lulloff
USGS 3DEP program overview and how it supports the FEMA flood mapping program - Vicki Lukas
State perspective & non-federal cost share -Thuy Patton
USGS 3DEP Quality Control process - Amanda Lowe
Considerations for airborne lidar mapping in riparian corridors - Josh Nimetz
Questions/Discussion
+ 8
Vicki LukasChief, Topographic Data Services
National Geospatial Progam
September 24, 2018
3D Elevation Program
(3DEP) Overview for
ASFPM
+ 99
Apply lidar technology to map bare earth and 3D data of natural and constructed features
Goal to complete acquisition of national lidar coverage with IfSAR in Alaska in 8 years
Address the mission-critical requirements of 34 Federal agencies, 50 states, and other
organizations documented in the National Enhanced Elevation Assessment
ROI 5:1, conservative benefits of $690 million/year with potential to generate $13 billion/year
Leverage the capability and capacity of private industry mapping firms
Achieve a 25% cost efficiency gain by collecting data in larger projects
Completely refresh national elevation data holdings with new products and services
3D Elevation Program (3DEP)
3DEP Status 2023
+ 10+ 10National Enhanced Elevation
Assessment (NEEA)Annual Benefits
Rank Business Use Conservative Potential
1 Flood Risk Management $295M $502M
2Infrastructure and Construction
Management$206M $942M
3 Natural Resources Conservation $159M $335M
4 Agriculture and Precision Farming $122M $2,011M
5 Water Supply and Quality $85M $156M
6Wildfire Management, Planning and
Response$76M $159M
7Geologic Resource Assessment and
Hazard Mitigation$52M $1,067M
8 Forest Resources Management $44M $62M
9River and Stream Resource
Management$38M $87M
10 Aviation Navigation and Safety $35M $56M
:
20 Land Navigation and Safety $0.2M $7,125M
Total for all Business Uses (1 – 27) $1.2B $13B
Flood Risk Management
Infrastructure
Landslides
+ 11+ 113DEP for Flood Risk Management
■ Produce higher quality flood
maps, including Flood Insurance
Rate Maps
■ Manage dam and levee safety
programs to reduce flood risks
■ Improve hydrologic modeling
and flood forecasting
■ Improve State and local flood
risk management and response
■ Improve storm water facilities
and dam design
■ Extract building footprints and
identify the finished floor
elevation to quantify potential
damages based on flooding
depths
Conservative annual benefits estimated at $502M
Lidar aids hydraulic modeling to determine flood-inundation on
the Saluda River, near Greenville, SC
+ 12+ 123DEP for
Flood Risk
Management
3DEP website –
see publications:
https://www.usgs.gov/core-
science-systems/ngp/3dep
Direct link:
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pu
blication/fs20173081
+ 13+ 133DEP Status
■ 3DEP is managed by USGS on behalf of a broad
partner community that includes state, Federal, and
local agencies, as well as the private sector and
non-profit groups
■ Since the beginning of FY15
■ Over 200 partners – including 16 Federal
agencies and state and local governments from
44 states and territories – have contributed
funding for 3DEP data acquisition across the
Nation
3DEP is built on partnerships
3DEP Status
2023
Goal to provide ROI 5:1 with
potential to generate $13 B/year
■ USGS and partner investments totaling $299.6M supported acquisition of
1.5 million square miles of data
■ Demands for higher quality, repeat coverage, new products and services
continue to grow
+ 14+ 143D Elevation Program (3DEP)
Data acquisition investments by all
partners, by fiscal year - FY18 in progress
Data are available or in progress for 48% of the Nation *includes lidar and AK IfSAR
+ 15+ 15Supplemental Funding
California Wildfires
Hurricane Harvey
Hurricanes Irma and Maria
3DEP Acquisition
■ $20.3M supplemental funding to for lidar acquisition
following last year’s hurricanes and wildfires
■ Supplemental was augmented by a total of $28.8M in
partnerships and $3.4M 3DEP base funding to complete
coverage of the impact and adjacent areas
+ 16+ 163DEP-Quality Coverage by State
+ 17+ 17
■ USGS and NOAA co-lead the OMB A-16
Elevation Theme
■ 3DEP Executive Forum
■ Facilitates executive collaboration on
strategies to fund and implement 3DEP for
the benefit of all its stakeholders
■ Executive Outreach to Industry Partners
and Stakeholder Groups
■ Provides direction to 3DEP Working Group
■ 3DEP Working Group
■ Coordinates implementation of 3DEP
Member Agencies
Bureau of Land Management
Department of Homeland Security
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Emergency Management Agency
US Forest Service
US Fish and Wildlife Service
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Park Service
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
US Department of Agriculture
US Army Corps of Engineers
US Geological Survey
American Association of State Geologists
National States Geographic Information Council
3D Elevation Program (3DEP)Governance
+ 18+ 183DEP FEMA Partnership
■ Investments driven
by flood mapping
requirements
■ Flood mapping
requirements are
coordinated with
state floodplain
management
officials
Projects with FEMA funding
+ 19+ 193DEP Data Acquisition Partnerships
Together determine the
annual acquisition plan
Non-Federal
Broad Agency
Announcement (BAA)
Fair and equitable process
for non-Feds to partner with
Federal Agencies
Announced on
FedBizOpps.gov and
grants.gov
Competitive, selection based
on documented criteria
Can include Federal
Agencies
Partners can propose to use
USGS contract (GPSC) or
their own contract
Federal
Partners =
3DEP Working
Group
Federal Interagency
Agreements (IA)
FY19 BAA released September 17
FY19 BAA Webinar August 22 -
presentation with notes available
FY19 BAA Proposals due Nov. 9,
2018
Awards issued Nov. 2018 – March
2019 based on the availability of
funding
BAA stays open all Fiscal Year
+ 20+ 20
Goal to develop a comprehensive multi-year plan
3DEP Data Acquisition Partnerships
Purpose – move beyond
opportunistic annual process
to a national, systematic
plan
Facilitate greater
investments and
leveraging through longer
planning lead times
Allows for improved
reporting and justification
of investments
Presents a plan for
nationwide coverage
Inputs
Federal
State, local, tribal and
other partners
3DEP Multi-Year State PlansFederal Multi-Year Plan
Comprehensive plan for
nationwide coverage
+ 21+ 21Federal Input to the Multi-year PlanFY19 3DEP Broad Agency Announcement
+ 22+ 22Federal Input to the Multi-year PlanFY19 3DEP Broad Agency Announcement
+ 23+ 23State Input to the Multi-year PlanNational States Geographic Information Council Project
NSGIC project will develop
Guide to the development of a 3DEP
Data Acquisition Plan
State plan template
Best practices
Pilots to test and refine materials
3DEP Workshop at the October 2018
NSGIC Annual Conference
Pilot Participants will share experiences
and insights, participate in acquisition
plan development activities, and
coordinate with federal agencies
USGS, NRCS, FEMA to participate in
workshop
Pilot State Participants
+ 24+ 24
3D Nation Elevation Requirements and Benefits Study
Understand inland, nearshore and offshore bathymetric data requirements and benefits
Understand how requirements and benefits dovetail in the nearshore coastal zone
Plan for the next round of 3DEP after completion of nationwide coverage
Gather technology-agnostic user information to be able to assess new technologies
against requirements and identify the tradeoffs between different approaches
3DEP Future Acquisition Partnerships
Improve our understanding
of needs to guide
development of the next
generation of 3DEP
products and services
+ 25+ 253D Elevation Program (3DEP)Endorsements
National lidar program is a priority of the National Science and
Technology Council’s National Plan for Civil Earth Observations
National Academy of Public Administration report on FEMA
Flood Mapping recommended that OMB implement the 3DEP
plan for national lidar
Endorsed by 30 groups including ASFPM – Thank you!
+ 26+ 26Get Involved in 3DEP AcquisitionResources
■ Learn more about 3DEP
https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-
systems/ngp/3dep
■ Direct link to collaboration and
partnerships
https://on.doi.gov/2QogPE2
+ 27
3D Elevation Program (3DEP)
THANK YOU!
Poll Question
Nationwide coverage of 3DEP data available or in progress is:
State Perspective 3DEPSeptember 24, 2018
Thuy Patton
Colorado Water Conservation Board
Watershed and Flood Protection Section
LiDAR Acquisition by Year
Poll Question
The non federal match requirement for 3DEP is 25% of:
Quality Control for
the 3D Elevation
Program
Amanda Lowe, Supervisory Geographer, USGS
National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
+ 34+ 34High Level Systems Overview
Delivery
Elevation Systems
Data
Contribution
Product
Tracking
System (PTS)
GPSC
Acquisition
Partner
Acquisition
Financial
TOMIS
Quality
Control
(WMX)
Product
Generation
(WMX)
Geospatial
Data
Architecture
USGS
ScienceBase
TNM Viewer
Data.gov
minor in-house edits
+ 35
Provide an independent validation of lidar/ifsar data sent to the NGTOC for
suitability for the 3DEP
Provide feedback/recommendations regarding lidar/ifsar and derived
products based on project requirements and USGS base specifications
Create Standard 3DEP Products for dissemination through The National Map
Where possible and appropriate, edit existing lidar projects to bring the data
up to minimum acceptable quality for 3DEP and inclusion in The National
Map
Role of NGTOC Elevation
Operations in the 3DEP
+ 36Base 3DEP Specifications
USGS Lidar Base Specification Version 1.3: Identifies and defines minimum requirements for acquisition, processing, and data deliverables as required by the United States Geological Survey for inclusion in the 3DEP. References several industry standards and specifications.
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) LAS 1.4 Specification: file format specification for .las (point cloud) format. Referenced by the USGS LBS 1.2 as the required file format for lidar point cloud. Industry standard.
ASPRS Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data: identifies methods for positional accuracy testing for high resolution elevation data. Referenced by the USGS LBS 1.2 as the required method for accuracy assessment
OGC Well Known Text Version 2001: format specification for Well Known Text used to identify spatial referencing information in a las file. Required by ASPRS LAS 1.4
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM): Maintained by the FGDC, current standard for XML metadata. Referenced by the USGS LBS 1.2 as the required XML metadata format
https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b4/pdf/tm11-B4.pdfhttp://www.asprs.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/LAS_1_4_r13.pdfhttps://www.asprs.org/pad-division/asprs-positional-accuracy-standards-for-digital-geospatial-data.htmlhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/cthttps://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/csdgm/
+ 37+ 37Quality Control Tools
Programs
ArcMap
Global Mapper
LP360
Custom Tools in Production
Vertical Accuracy Tool
P2 - Parallel LAS Pyramiding
LASQC
RASQC
LAS WKT Writer
QC Database and Report Generator
+ 38Quality Control:
Deliverables Check
Metadata
Control and Data Validation Check Points
Raw Point Cloud
Classified Point Cloud
Bare-earth DEM
Hydrological Breaklines
Other required by Task Order (Intensity Rasters, etc.)
+ 39Quality Control:
Metadata
Read all reports delivered by Contractor
Run XML metadata through USGS Metadata Parser
Check content of all metadata deliverables
+ 40Quality Control:Accuracy
Absolute Vertical Accuracy
Non-vegetated Vertical
Accuracy (NVA) of the
Unclassified Point Cloud
NVA and Vegetated Vertical
Accuracy (VVA) of the DEM
Relative Vertical Accuracy
Inter-swath Accuracy
+ 41Quality Control:Absolute Accuracy
+ 42Quality Control:Relative Accuracy – Interswath – Visual Cues
+ 43Quality Control:Relative Accuracy – Interswath – Visual Cues
+ 44Quality Control:Relative Accuracy – Interswath (Dz)
+ 45Quality Control:Relative Accuracy – Interswath (DQM)
+ 46Quality Control:
Point Cloud Statistics and Validation
LAS file formatting and header population
LAS Version
Spatial Reference – Well Known Text
Bounding Extents – header vs. points
Point Count – header vs. points
Classification
Returns
Intensity Values
Overlap
Edge of Flightline
GPS Time Range
+ 47Quality Control:
Point Cloud Statistics and Validation
LASQC Output:
+ 48Quality Control:
DEM Visual Review
Checking for any above-ground
features that should not be present
in the Bare Earth DEM
Verifying the ground was
classified correctly in the point
cloud
DEM with Vegetation Classified as Ground
Profile of DEM with
Vegetation classified as Ground
+ 49Quality Control:
DEM Visual Review
+ 50Quality Control:
DEM Visual Review
Gaps
+ 51Quality Control:
DEM Visual Review
Data Voids
+ 52Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
Hydro-flattened
mapped waterbodies, streams,
rivers, reservoirs, and other
cartographically polygonal water
surfaces are flat and, where
appropriate, level from bank to
bank
surfaces of streams, rivers, and long
reservoirs demonstrate a gradient
change in elevation along their
length, which is consistent with
their natural behavior and the
surrounding topography
Hydro-enforced
elevations removed from the tops of
selected drainage structures
(bridges and culverts) so as to
depict the terrain under those
structures
enables hydrologic and hydraulic
models to depict water flowing
under these structures, rather than
appearing in the computer model to
be dammed by them because of
road deck elevations higher than the
water levels
+ 53Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
+ 54Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
+ 55Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
+ 56Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
+ 57Quality Control:
Hydrological Breaklines
+ 58Quality Control:
Reporting
59595959Amanda Lowe
Supervisory Geographer
Image of Zion National Park, Utah
+
September 24, 2018
Joshua D. Nimetz
U.S. Geological Survey
National Geospatial Program - National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
Considerations for
airborne lidar mapping
in riparian corridors
61616161
Overview of concepts
Collection characteristics of the airborne lidar
point cloud data
Defining low-
confidence areas
Ground-truthing
surveys
62626262Collection characteristics of the airborne lidar
point cloud data
Several factors determine ability of sensor to detect ground surface in dense vegetation including:
Spatial resolution – typically referred to as nominal pulse density or nominal pulse
spacing. QL1 is better than QL2
Look angle a wider angle of incidence means pulsed laser energy travels through
more of vegetation structure to reach ground
Pulse discrimination and laser power are key factors in capturing vertical structure of
vegetation – not directly related to ground surface, but still important
Vegetation growth cycle: barren or fully emergent?
63636363Low confidence areas – ASPRS definitionDefined by low ground point density; indicates poor vegetated vertical accuracy
Vegetation obscures detection
of ground surface
ASPRS suggests one
approach for delineating areas
of low confidence
However, not currently a
requirement of the 3DEP lidar
base specification
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/
Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
64646464
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/
Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
Defined by low ground point density; indicates poor vegetated vertical accuracy
Low confidence areas – ASPRS definition
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
65656565
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/
Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
Defined by low ground point density; indicates poor vegetated vertical accuracy
Low confidence areas – ASPRS definition
http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/Positional_Accuracy_Standards.pdf
66666666
GPS/GNSS where possible; conventional land surveying where not
Ground-truthing survey
Point cloud vertically aligned
with non-vegetated control
points
Vertical accuracy assessed with
check points
GNSS surveying in signal-
deprived areas leads to
inferior results
Image courtesy of Dewberry
Image courtesy of Merrick
Image courtesy of Woolpert
67676767Take-aways
Work with airborne lidar contractor to determine best
collection strategy for heavily vegetated areas
sensor characteristics good for foliage penetration; max
field of view; multiple looks may be advantageous
Consider requiring a low confidence raster or
polygon feature class as an ancillary deliverable
Require that vegetated vertical accuracy check point
survey is done within close timeframe to airborne
lidar flights - growth conditions should be modeled
Require ground photos of all check points for
interpretation of accuracy assessment results
NPS of 1st returns ≈1.2 ft
NPS of ground points ≈ 5.7 ft
Coniferous riparian zone
68686868
Thank you…
Points of contact:
Josh Nimetz – elevation program area lead; NGP-NGTOC [email protected]
Jason Stoker – chief elevation scientist; NGP [email protected]
Amanda Lowe – elevation unit supervisor; NGP-NGTOC [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
Questions&
Discussion
Alan Lulloff
Vicki Lukas
Thuy Patton [email protected]
Joshua Nimetz
Amanda Lowe
Cooperating Technical Partners
Information Exchange
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
Poll Question
Please rate this webinar.
• Certified Floodplain Managers are eligible for 1 Continuing Education Credit for participating in this webinar.
• You must have registered individually and indicated you are a CFM at time of registration.
• Eligibility for CEC is dependent on your participation in poll questions and time spent viewing the webinar, as determined by the webinar software.
• Attending this webinar in a group setting or only viewing the recording is NOT eligible for CEC.
Continuing Education Credits
• To suggest future CTP webinar topics, please contact Alan Lulloff at [email protected] or type a suggested topic into the Questions panel today
• ASFPM CFM CECs will be automatically applied
• Certificates of Attendance will be emailed, please contact [email protected] with any certificate issues
• Follow-up email with link to slides and recording will be sent next week
Thank You for Joining Us!
Closing Comments
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]