Congresso del Dipartimento di Fisica

Highlights in Physics 200511–14 October 2005, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano

Icarus: a multipurpose detector; the simulation codesG. Battistoni*, A. Ferrari*†, S. Muraro* and P.R. Sala*

*INFN sezione di Milano†on leave at CERN

The ICARUS experiment has a vast physics program, including proton decay, and neutrino oscillations from natural and artificial sources. The so-called T600 detector, composed by two modules, 300 tons of Liquid Argon each, is now in the Gran Sasso Hall B and will be operational next year

Drifting

Ionizing Track

e-

lightIonization in LiquidArgon

Drift in E field

Induced/collected signals on wire grids

2-dim views: wire vs. drift time

3-d reconstruction with 3 wire planes

K[AB] [BC] e[CD]

K+

µ+ e+

Run 939 Event 46K+

+

e+

p K+ e

_

p=425 MeV

CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso: ν beam from 400GeV proton beam, 732 km path to Gran Sasso Laboratory.

Main aim is the direct detection of τ neutrinos from νμ → ντ oscillation

FLUKA simulation includes all details of beam transport, interaction, structure of target, horn focusing, decay, etc.

Used for engineering calculations and for the prediction of ν fluxes at Gran Sasso

20 m

3 m

The detection Principle :LAr Time Projection Chamber:An electronic bubble chamber with 3mm resolution + calorimetry

Hadronic Interaction. Real event in 2001 test

Proton decay : a test of baryon Number conservation. Important for GUT theories and matter-antimatter asymmetry

FLUKA is an interaction and transport MonteCarlo code, used for many applications from high energy physics to microdosimetry. It is an INFN-CERN project. Special developments/applications for ICARUS from INFN-Milano and CERN

FLUKA simulated proton decay eventIn T600

CNGS beam line FLUKA simulated νμ flux

Three flavor oscillations with matter effect, for νμ→νe studies in view of the determination of the theta13 parameter have

been recently coupled to CNGS and atmospheric analysis

The plot shows the expected νe

and ντ spectra for the CNGS beam, with and without 3-F

oscillation

To identify p decay in an Ar nucleus, It is essential to

understand and reproduce nuclear effects, such as Fermi motion, binding energy, reinteraction of

decay products inside the nucleus: Handled by the FLUKA nuclear

model

Real event with K decay

Oscillation of atmospheric ν has been detected in the

SuperKamiokande experiment. However, a better understanding

of theoretical flux and experimental systematics would be welcome

Fluka simulations of cosmic showers in atmosphere, including geomagnetic

effects have been set up and checked: here muon spectrum at ground level,

simulated (line) and expt (dots)

Result: first full 3-D simulation of atm. ν

Coupled to simulation of ν interactions, with nuclear effects, and full ICARUS

simulation of tracks in the detector

ReferencesS. Amerio et al. (ICARUS coll.) NIM A 527, 329 (2004) P. Aprili et al (ICARUS coll.) LNGS-P28/2001 and CERN-SPSC-2002-027A. Fasso et al. FLUKA, CERN yellow report , INFN/TC_05/11, in press; A. Fasso et al., arXiv:hep-ph/0306267; www.fluka.orgG. Acquistapace et al., NGS, CERN-98-02 (1998); R. Baldy et al., INFN/AE-99/05 and CERN SL-

99-034 DI (1999)A. Ferrari et al., Nucl. Phys. B - Proc.Suppl. 145,93 (2005)G. Battistoni et al., Astropart. Phys 12, 315 (2000); Astropart. Phys. 19,269 (2004); Astropart. Phys.

17, 477 (2002)ICARUS upgraded analysis , ICARUS TM/05-04