Download pdf - Company Summary 1997 - Census.govCompany Summary 1997EconomicCensus CompanyStatisticsSeries 1997 IssuedSeptember2001 EC97CS-1 U.S.DepartmentofCommerce DonaldL.Evans, Secretary SamuelW.Bodman,

Company Summary

1997 Economic Census

Company Statistics Series

1997Issued September 2001

EC97CS-1

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Many persons participated in the variousactivities of the 1997 Surveys of Minority-and Women-Owned Business Enterprises.

The Company Statistics Division preparedthis report. Ruth A. Runyan, AssistantChief for Surveys and Programs, wasresponsible for the overall planning, man-agement, and coordination. Planning andimplementation were under the directionof Eddie J. Salyers, Chief, EconomicCensus Branch, assisted by Valerie C.Strang, Section Chief. Primary staff assis-tance was provided by Melody Atkinson,Ahmad Bakhshi, Lori Bowan,Trey Cole, Elaine Emanuel, BarbaraEsworthy, Mary Frauenfelder, GeoffreyHill, James Jarzabkowski, DurwinKnutson, James McFarland, SungsooOh, and John Seabold.

General direction for statistical methodol-ogy was provided by Ruth Detlefsen,Assistant Chief for Research and Methodol-ogy (until October 1998); Carol Caldwell,her successor; and Mark Sands, Chief,Statistical Research and Methods Branch.Richard Moore developed the sampledesign, imputation, estimation andvariance methodology, with assistancefrom Lieu Galvin, David Harville, andSteven Klement.

The Economic Statistical Methods andProgramming Division, Charles P.Pautler Jr., Chief, assisted by Martin S.Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquen-nial Programs, developed and imple-mented computer processing systems.Steven G. McCraith, Chief, QuinquennialSurveys Branch, and Gary Sweetland,Chief, Mailout and Data Collection Branch,supervised the preparation of computerprograms. Thaddeus S. Hess, Joseph F.Keehan, and Daniel A. Vacca wereassigned primary programming responsi-bilities with assistance from John D.Bedwell, Edward F. Carr, Jr., DianeConley, Phuong-Dung T. Diep,Steve Jarvis, Sheila Koonce, John E.McCormick, Robert A. Penrod,Linda Raley, Mark H. Ratti,

Jerry W. Richards, and Michele Shelby.Robert S. Jewett and Barbara L.Lambert provided special computerprocessing.

The staff of the National Processing Center,Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailoutpreparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, and dataentry.

The staff of the Decennial Systems andContract Management Office, AlanBerlinger, Chief, were responsible foroverseeing the electronic data captureoperation.

The Computer Services Division, Debra D.Williams, Chief, performed the computerprocessing.

Kim D. Ottenstein, Bernadette J.Gayle, Helen M. Curtis, and Laurene V.Qualls of the Administrative andCustomer Services Division, Walter C.Odom, Chief, provided publications andprinting management, graphics designand composition, and editorial review forprint and electronic media. Generaldirection and production managementwere provided by Michael G. Garland,Assistant Chief, and Gary J. Lauffer,Chief, Publications Services Branch.

The overall planning and review of thecensus operations were performed by thestaff of the office of the Assistant Directorfor Economic and Agriculture Censuses.

This survey depended upon the coopera-tion of the staffs of the Internal RevenueService and the Social Security Administra-tion. Thanks are due to Daniel F. Skelly,Director, Statistics of Income Division,Karen Cys, Nick Greenia, and KenSzeflinski of the Internal Revenue Ser-vice; Frank Thomas of the Social SecurityAdministration; and Roberta Custard,Paul Hanczaryk, and Edward D. Walkerof the Census Bureau, who coordinatedactivities with the agencies.

If you have any questions concerningthe statistics in this report, call301-457-3316.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Company Summary

1997 Economic Census

Company Statistics Series

1997Issued September 2001

EC97CS-1

U.S. Department of CommerceDonald L. Evans,

SecretarySamuel W. Bodman,

Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationKathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary forEconomic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUWilliam G. Barron, Jr.,

Acting Director

John H. Thompson,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

Ewen M. Wilson,Chief, Company StatisticsDivision

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Kathleen B. Cooper,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

William G. Barron, Jr.,Acting Director

William G. Barron, Jr.,Deputy Director

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................Company Summary 3............................................Summary of Findings 9...........................................

FIGURES

1. Percent Distribution of All U.S. Firms by Legal Form ofOrganization: 1997 12......................................

2. Percent Distribution of All U.S. Firms’ Receipts by Legal Formof Organization: 1997 12...................................

3. Average Receipts per Firm: 1997 13..........................4. Number of Firms and Employees by Industry Division for All

U.S. Firms: 1997 14........................................

TABLES

1. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Major Industry Group, Race,Ethnicity, and Gender: 1997 15..............................

2. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by State, Race, Ethnicity, andGender: 1997 55..........................................

3. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Industry Division, Race, Ethnicity,and Gender for States: 1997 81.............................

4. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Industry Division for MetropolitanAreas: 1997 315............................................

5. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Counties: 1997 353...............6. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Places: 1997 391.................7. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Major Industry Group and Legal

Form of Organization: 1997 475..............................8. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Industry Division, Receipts Size

of Firm, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: 1997 482.................9. Statistics for All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Industry

Division, Employment Size of Firm, Race, Ethnicity, andGender: 1997 496..........................................

10. Statistics for All U.S. Firms With No Paid Employees byIndustry Division: 1997 508...................................

11. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofIndustry Divisions in Which They Operate: 1997 508.............

12. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofMajor Industry Groups in Which They Operate: 1997 508.........

13. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofStates in Which They Operate: 1997 508.......................

14. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofMetropolitan Areas in Which They Operate: 1997 509............

15. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofCounties in Which They Operate: 1997 509.....................

16. Number of All U.S. Firms With Paid Employees by Number ofPlaces in Which They Operate: 1997 509.......................

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS COMPANY SUMMARY iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001

CONTENTSmCon.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1.....................................B. Metropolitan Areas B–1.......................................C. Geographic Notes C–1........................................D. Questionnaires D–1...........................................

PUBLICATION PROGRAMmInside back cover

iv COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs theCensus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the federal government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own andcompeting industries, which allows them to keeptheir members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physicallocation of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs),counties, parishes, and corporate municipalities includingcities, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents wererequired to report their physical location (street address,municipality, county, and state) if it differed from theirmailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail(and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location),location information from Internal Revenue Service taxforms is used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,

shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigneda separate industry classification based on its primaryactivity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in currentdollars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when makingcomparisons with prior years, users of the data shouldconsider the changes in prices that have occurred.All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before thatfor 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individualcomponents of the economic census were taken sepa-rately at varying intervals.The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retailand wholesale trade and construction industries wereadded in 1930, as were some covering service trades in1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and theother business service censuses were suspended duringWorld War II.The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated: providing comparable census dataacross economic sectors, using consistent time periods,

INTRODUCTION 11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units.It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of otherfederal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send themcensus questionnaires.The range of industries covered in the economic

censuses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The censusof construction industries began on a regular basis in1967, and the scope of service industries, introduced in1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While afew transportation industries were covered as early as1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadenedto include all of transportation, communications, andutilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of financial,insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions,the economic census and the separate census of govern-ments and census of agriculture collectively coveredroughly 98 percent of all economic activity.Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier

censuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 EconomicCensuses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/epcd/www/guide.html. More informa-tion on the methodology, procedures, and history of thecensuses will be published in the History of the 1997Economic Census atwww.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used withthe 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individualcompanies; data are included in higher leveltotals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding rev-enue.

N Not available or not comparable.

Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail formultiestablishment firms.

S Withheld because estimates did not meetpublication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05percent.

X Not applicable.

Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficientcoverage of merchandise lines.

Z Less than half the unit shown.

a 0 to 19 employees.

b 20 to 99 employees.

c 100 to 249 employees.

e 250 to 499 employees.

f 500 to 999 employees.

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.

m 100,000 employees or more.

p 10 to 19 percent estimated.

q 20 to 29 percent estimated.

r Revised.

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

nec Not elsewhere classified.

nsk Not specified by kind.

– Represents zero (page image/print only).

pt. part

(CC) Consolidated city.

(IC) Independent city.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Company Summary

GENERAL

The data in this report were compiled by combiningdata collected on business owners in the 1997 EconomicCensus Surveys of Minority- and Women-Owned BusinessEnterprises with data collected on the main economic cen-sus and administrative records. Included are all nonfarmbusinesses filing 1997 tax forms as individual proprietor-ships, partnerships, and any type of corporation, and withreceipts of $1,000 or more. The data are not comparableto earlier surveys due to significant methodology changesthat are discussed in the section below on Comparabilityof 1992 and 1997 Data. The published data cover numberof firms, gross receipts, number of paid employees, andannual payroll. The data are presented by geographic area,industry, size of firm, and legal form of organization offirm.

CENSUS DISCLOSURE RULES

The U.S. Census Bureau is prohibited by law from pub-lishing any statistics that disclose information reported byindividual companies. Publishing the number of firms,however, is not considered confidential by the CensusBureau rules. Therefore, the number of firms may beshown, even when other data must be withheld. Theinformation and data obtained from the Internal RevenueService (IRS), the Social Security Administration (SSA), andother sources are also treated as confidential and can beseen only by Census Bureau employees sworn to protect itfrom disclosure.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

All firms operating during 1997, except those classifiedas agricultural, are represented in these surveys. The listsof all firms (or universe) are compiled from a combinationof business tax returns and data collected on othereconomic census reports. The Census Bureau obtainselectronic files from the IRS for all companies filing IRSForm 1040, Schedule C (individual proprietorship or self-employed person); 1065 (partnership); any one of the1120 corporation tax forms; or 941 (Employer’s QuarterlyFederal Tax Return). The IRS provided certain identifica-tion, classification, and measurement data for businessesfiling those forms.

For most firms with paid employees, the Census Bureaualso collected employment, payroll, receipts, and kind ofbusiness information for each plant, store, or physicallocation during the 1997 Economic Census.

To design the sample, the Census Bureau used severalsources of information to identify the probability that abusiness was minority- or women-owned. For all soleproprietorships, partnerships, and corporations that filedelectronic tax forms, the SSA provided gender and racecodes for the owners.Persons applying for Social Security Numbers (SSNs),

prior to 1981, could categorize their race as (a) White, (b)Black, or (c) Other. In 1981, the racial descriptions onsocial security applications were expanded to (a) Asian,Asian-American, or Pacific Islander, (b) Hispanic, (c) Black,(d) Northern American Indian or Alaskan Native, and (e)White.Most persons, who currently own businesses, applied

for their SSNs prior to 1981. Therefore, the majority ofowners could be classified only as (a) White, (b) Black, or(c) Other by use of SSA race codes.For each owner, the SSA also provided the Census

Bureau with the individual’s country of birth, current sur-name, original surname, mother’s maiden surname, andfather’s surname. The Census Bureau has developed listsof American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic surnames basedon research using prior survey data.In addition to the SSA data, several other sources were

used to preidentify businesses by race, ethnicity, andgender of owner(s) as potentially minority-owned:

• Lists of minority- and women-owned businesses pub-lished in syndicated magazines, located on the Internet,or disseminated by trade or special interest groups.

• Word strings in the company name indicating possibleminority ownership (derived from 1992 surveyresponses).

• Racial distributions for various state-industry classes(derived from 1992 survey responses) and racial distri-butions for various ZIP Codes.

Individual proprietors, who reported they were ofminority ancestry in the 1992 survey and were still activein 1997, were excluded from the mail canvass and the1992 responses were used instead. See the section onSampling below for a description of how cases wereselected.

Sampling. There were six sampling frames used andevery case was assigned to one of the following frames:

• American Indian

COMPANY SUMMARY 31997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


• Asian/Pacific Islander

• Black

• Hispanic

• Non-Hispanic white male

• Women

The SMOBE and SWOBE universe was stratified by state,industry, and the inferred race code. The Census Bureauselected large companies (based on volume of sales) ‘‘withcertainty.’’ All certainty cases were sure to be selected andrepresented only themselves (i.e., have a selection prob-ability of one and a sampling weight of one). The certaintycutoffs varied by sampling stratum, and each stratum wassampled at varying rates, depending on the number offirms in a particular industry in a particular state. Thesampling rate was lowest in states and industries with thegreatest number of firms. A similar methodology was usedto select a sample from the remaining universe: the pur-pose of this was to estimate the number of firms ownedby persons of minority ancestry when no indication ofminority ownership was found from any of the sourceslisted above.A firm selected into the sample was mailed one of two

questionnaires (see Appendix D for a sample of both). TheCensus Bureau sent the MB-1 questionnaire to partner-ships and corporations, or to sole proprietorships thatsubmitted joint tax returns where, based on the adminis-trative records, it was probable that the husband and wifewere of different races. The businesses were asked toreport the percentage of stock ownership of the businessby gender, race, and ethnicity. The MB-2 questionnaire wasused for sole proprietors and self-employed individualswho were ‘‘single filers’’ or who filed joint tax returnswhere, based on administrative records, there was a lowprobability that the husband and wife were of differentraces. The businesses were asked to report the gender,race and ethnicity of the primary owner(s) of the business.The form included an equal male/female ownership optionfor the collection of business owners by gender.

Tabulation. For the 1997 SMOBE sample design, caseswith extreme weights appeared in all six sampling frames.In certain cases, it was possible to incorporate a case witha large weight into a cell estimate without significantlyincreasing the corresponding relative standard error (RSE).For company records in a cell that cannot be incorporatedwithout significantly increasing the RSE, the industrycodes were suppressed and the case was moved to Indus-tries Not Classified. This procedure allowed for the publi-cation of all estimates together in the tables, rather thanexcluding all large weighted cases and publishing aseparate summary of these estimates. Some of the publi-cation tables exclude the Industries Not Classified cat-egory because the data do not meet publication stan-dards.

In the 1997 SMOBE and SWOBE, minority/womenownership of a business was based on therace/ethnicity/gender of the person(s) owning majorityinterest in the business. Firms equally male-/female-owned were counted and tabulated as a separate category.The gender of sole proprietors and self-employed personswho were ‘‘single filers’’ was taken directly from adminis-trative record data.Businesses in which ownership was shared among

minority and nonminority groups, with no singleracial/ethnic group having majority interest, were tabu-lated as 50-percent minority-/50-percent nonminority-owned in the Company Summary publication and wereexcluded from the minority business counts.It was possible for a firm to be classified in more than

one minority group (one racial and one Hispanic ethnicity)and to be included in more than one minority report. Forexample, a firm could be included in both the Black reportand the Hispanic report, if it were owned by a person whoreported his/her race as Black and his/her ethnicity asHispanic. However, such a firm is counted only once attotal levels in the minority Summary and the CompanySummary publications.Data are tabulated by firm. A firm is a business organi-

zation consisting of one or more domestic locations. Firmsare counted in each geographic area and industry in whichthey operate. The employment, payroll, and receiptsreflect the sum of their locations within the specifiedgeography and industry and are, therefore, additive tohigher levels. The number of firms, however, reflects allfirms in a given tabulation level and are not additive. Forexample, a firm with operating locations in two countieswill be counted in both counties, but only once in thestate total.Businesses with publicly held stock whose ownership

was indeterminate relative to gender, race, or ethnicity,and nonprofit, foreign-owned, and mutual companies weretabulated separately and published in the ‘‘other’’ categoryin our reports.

RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The data in the SMOBE and SWOBE are, in part, esti-mated from a sample and will differ from the data thatwould have been obtained from a complete census. Twotypes of possible errors are associated with estimatesbased on data from sample surveys: sampling errors andnonsampling errors. The accuracy of a survey resultdepends not only on the sampling errors and nonsamplingerrors measured, but also on the nonsampling errors notexplicitly measured. For particular estimates, the totalerror may considerably exceed the measured errors. Thefollowing is a description of the sampling and nonsam-pling errors associated with the 1997 SMOBE/SWOBE.

Sampling variability. The particular sample used for theSMOBE and SWOBE is one of a large number of all possiblesamples of the same size that could have been selected

4 COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


using the same sample design. Estimates derived from thedifferent samples would differ from each other. The rela-tive standard error is a measure of the variability amongthe estimates from all possible samples. The estimatedrelative standard errors presented in the tables estimatethe sampling variability, and thus measure the precisionwith which an estimate from the particular sampleselected for the SMOBE and SWOBE approximates the aver-age result of all possible samples. Relative standard errorsare applicable only to those published cells in whichsample cases are tabulated. A relative standard error is anexpression of the standard error as a percent of the quan-tity being estimated.The sample estimate and an estimate of its relative

standard error can be used to estimate the standard errorand then construct interval estimates with a prescribedlevel of confidence that the interval includes the averageresults of all samples. To illustrate, if all possible sampleswere surveyed under essentially the same condition, andestimates calculated from each sample, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from onestandard error below the estimate to one standarderror above the estimate would include the averagevalue of all possible samples.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standarderrors above the estimate would include the averagevalue of all possible samples.

Thus, for a particular sample, one can say with speci-fied confidence that the average of all possible samples isincluded in the constructed interval.

Example of a confidence interval. Suppose the esti-mated number of employer minority-owned firms inAgricultural Services is 7,139 and the estimated relativestandard error is 2 percent. The estimated standarderror is 7,139 x .02=143. An approximate 90-percentconfidence interval is 7,139 ± (1.6 x 143) or 7,139 ±228.8 or 6,910.2 to 7,367.8.

Nonsampling errors. All surveys and censuses aresubject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors areattributable to many sources: inability to obtaininformation for all cases in the universe, adjustments tothe weights of respondents to compensate for nonrespon-dents, imputation for missing data, data errors and biases,mistakes in recording or keying data, errors in collectionor processing, and coverage problems.

Explicit measures of the effects of these nonsamplingerrors are not available. However, it is believed that mostof the important operational and data errors weredetected and corrected through an automated data editdesigned to review the data for reasonableness and con-sistency. Quality control techniques were used to verifythat operating procedures were carried out as specified.

Approximately 79 percent of the questionnaires werereturned. For respondents that supplied some, but not allof the requested information and for businesses selectedwith certainty that failed to respond, data were imputedusing a procedure that ensured that the imputed datawere consistent with the responses provided and all infor-mation available from administrative sources. Weights ofthe responding cases, which were not selected with cer-tainty, were adjusted to compensate for the remainder ofthe cases that failed to respond. All of these proceduresassume that (1) the administrative information is accurateand, (2) nonrespondents possess the same characteristicsas respondents with similar demographic characteristics.Neither of these assumptions is exactly true.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

The system published in the Standard Industrial Classi-fication (SIC) Manual: 1987 was used to classify firms forthe SMOBE and SWOBE. Under this system, economicactivities are coded on a numerical basis. Related activitiesare grouped at a primary level by industry division (i.e.,manufacturing, construction, retail trade, etc.). Withineach industry division, successive levels of detail of theeconomic activity are defined: major group (two-digitcode); industry group (three-digit code); and industry(four-digit code). For example, one hierarchy in wholesaletrade is:

SIC level SIC code DescriptionIndustry division — Wholesale tradeMajor group 50 Durable goodsIndustry group 506 Electrical goodsIndustry 5064 Electrical appliances,

television and radiosets

Data in the SMOBE and SWOBE reports are presented atthe industry division or major group level, depending onthe table.The SMOBE and SWOBE cover all industries in the SIC

system except the following major industry groups:

• Agricultural Production (01, 02)

• Railroad Transportation (40)

• U.S. Postal Service (43)

• Selected parts of 63, Insurance Carriers

• Pension Funds (self-managed funds and funds man-aged by a third party)

• Health and Welfare Funds (self managed funds andfunds managed by a third party)

• Selected parts of 67, Holding and Other InvestmentOffices

• Management Investment Offices, Open-End



• Unit Investment Trusts, Face-Amount CertificateOffices, and Closed-End Management InvestmentOffices

• Vacation Funds for Employees

• Personal Investment Trusts

• Membership Organizations (86)

• Private Households (88)

• Public Administration (91-97)

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The SMOBE and SWOBE reports present data for theUnited States, each state and the District of Columbia;metropolitan areas (MAs), which include selected metro-politan statistical areas (MSAs), primary metropolitanstatistical areas (PMSAs), and consolidated metropolitanstatistical areas (CMSAs); counties; and places with 100 ormore women- or minority-owned firms.

MSAs. The MSAs for which data are shown are amongthose defined by the Office of Management and Budget asof June 30, 1997. An MSA is an integrated economic andsocial unit with a population nucleus of at least 50,000inhabitants.1 Each MSA consists of one or more countiesmeeting standards of metropolitan character; in NewEngland, cities and towns, rather than counties, are thecomponent geographic units.

PMSAs. An MSA with a population of 1 million or moremay be subdivided into PMSAs. A PMSA consists of a largeurbanized county or a cluster of counties (cities and townsin New England) that demonstrates very strong internaleconomic and social links separate from the ties to otherportions of its MSA. Where PMSAs are defined, the MSA ofwhich they are component parts is redesignated a CMSA.

Counties. Data are shown for counties or countyequivalents.2 3

Places. Included in the SMOBE and SWOBE are places of2,500 inhabitants or more or incorporated as a city,borough, village, or town.1 2 In addition, statistics arepresented for towns in the six New England states, NewYork, and Wisconsin, and townships in Michigan, Minne-sota, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania with a 1990 censuspopulation of 10,000 or more.

COMPARABILITY OF 1992 AND 1997 DATA

The following changes were made in survey methodol-ogy in 1997 that affect comparability with past reports:

1. The universe for the 1997 SMOBE and SWOBE wasexpanded to include all corporations. In 1992, onlysubchapter S corporations in addition to partnershipsand sole proprietorships were included for the SMOBE.A small sample of ‘‘C’’ corporations was included inthe SWOBE to provide estimates at the industry divi-sion level only.

2. Previously, the SMOBE and SWOBE programs defined abusiness as an entity that filed a business income taxreturn. Businesses that had received one or moreEmployer Identification Numbers (EINs) may have filedtax returns under more than one EIN. In past surveys,each EIN was treated as a separate business. For1997, all operations under the same ownership weredefined as one company or business, irrespective ofthe number of the company’s EINs. The definitioneliminated the likelihood of surveying the samebusiness owner more than once. This change had noeffect on the employment and payroll data for thesesurveys, but slightly reduced the count for thenumber of businesses and the total receipts.

3. In the past, ownership was based on therace/ethnicity/gender of the majority of the numberof owners, without regard to the percentage of inter-est owned in the firm. Businesses with 50 percent ormore minority owners have in the past been includedin the minority business counts. In the 1997 SMOBE,51 percent or more of the interest, claims or rights inthe business must be held by minorities to beincluded as a minority-owned business and similarlyfor women. In the 1997 SMOBE, businesses in whichownership was shared among minority and nonminor-ity groups with no single racial/ethnic group havingmajority interest were excluded from the minoritybusiness counts and tabulated as 50-percentminority-/50-percent nonminority-owned in theCompany Summary publication. Equally ownedmale/female firms were treated as a separate entityand were presented in a separate section of theWomen-Owned Businesses publication. In previoussurveys, businesses that were equally owned by aman and a woman were classified as either male- orfemale-owned. Equally owned corporations and part-nerships were counted as women owned. Usingadministrative data all sole proprietorships wereassigned a gender based on the spouse with the larg-est self-employment income. The addition of theequally owned category in 1997 substantially reducedthe estimates for women-owned businesses.

4. In the past, a small sample of the cases placed on thenon-Hispanic white male frame was taken to estimatethe number of firms owned by persons of minorityancestry when no indication of minority ownershipwas found from any of the sources used in stratifica-tion. The estimates from this sample were presented

1According to 1990 Census of Population or subsequent spe-cial census.

2Those defined as of January 1, 1997.3See Appendix C for Alaska, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri,

Montana, Nevada, Virginia, and District of Columbia countyequivalents.



in a separate section of the Asian- and PacificIslander-, American Indian- and Alaska Native-ownedbusiness publication and the Hispanic-owned businesspublication as an estimate of the undercount and wereexcluded from the detailed tables. In the 1997 SMOBEand SWOBE, the estimates from this part of the samplewere included in the detailed tables of the publica-tions.

5. In prior surveys, the SMOBE universe of sole propri-etorships was based on businesses filing an annualIRS Schedule C (Form 1040) ‘‘Profit or Loss From Busi-ness’’ report. Employers were identified by first match-ing these Schedule C records to IRS Form 941‘‘Employers Quarterly Federal Tax Return’’ payrollreports. Not all Schedule C business income taxrecords that represented firms with employees couldbe matched. To estimate for sole proprietorship,employers that were not matched to payroll taxreturns, a portion of the sole proprietorship universethat reported cost of labor or wages as an expenseitem on the Schedule C, was also considered employ-ers. In addition, some cases with no cost of labor orwages reported, but with large receipts had payrollimputed and were counted as employers.For 1997, the methodology was revised to identify

sole proprietorship employers as only those that filedthe IRS Form 941 payroll tax form. These businesseswere included in the universe even if they could notbe matched to a Schedule C. This resulted in adecrease in the estimate of firms with paid employeesrelative to the 1992 methodology.

COMPARABILITY OF SURVEY DATA WITH OTHERECONOMIC CENSUS DATA

The tables in each publication that show data for allU.S. firms are comparable to and include the minority- andwomen-owned firm data. Caution should be exercised incomparing data presented in this report with published orunpublished data from other reports of the 1997Economic Census. Factors that affect comparability ofdata among censuses are industrial scope, business unitcovered, receipts size, and coverage of nonemployers.

Industrial scope. Data in this report are based on the1987 SIC Manual4 (see Industry Classifications section).Several SIC industries were in scope of the SMOBE and

SWOBE, but out of scope of the basic economic census.These industries included: 07, Agricultural Services; 08,Forestry; 09, Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping.Major industry group 86, Membership Organizations,

was within the scope of the economic census, but out ofthe scope of the SMOBE and SWOBE.

In the SMOBE and SWOBE, industry 6552 (landsubdividers and developers, except cemeteries) isincluded with the construction industry group, unlike theother economic censuses that include it with industry 65(real estate).

Business unit. Most of the economic censuses areconducted on an establishment or physical location basis,individually enumerating and tabulating each establish-ment owned by a firm. In the SMOBE and SWOBE, however,the whole firm was the primary unit for enumeration. (SeeAppendix A for definition of ‘‘firm.’’)

Receipts size. Most of the economic censuses determinewhether or not a firm may be counted as an active busi-ness according to its receipts size. The specified mini-mums vary by industry. For a firm to be counted as anactive business in the SMOBE and SWOBE, it had only tofile a business tax return with business receipts greaterthan $1,000, except for the construction industry, whichhad no minimum business receipts cutoff.

Firms with no paid employees. Although nonemployerfirms are included in these surveys, they are omitted frommany of the economic census reports.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented in the SMOBE and SWOBEreports are expressed in current dollars, i.e., 1997 dataare expressed in 1997 dollars and 1992 data in 1992dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons to prioryears, users should take into consideration the inflationthat has occurred.

COMPACT DISCS

Data for the economic censuses are also available oncompact discs-read only memory (CD-ROM). For theSMOBE and SWOBE, discs will contain more detailed indus-try data by state and comparison data for all U.S. firms,as well as the same information found in the reports.Discs are sold by Administrative and Customer ServicesDivision, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-1900.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 SMOBEand/or SWOBE may be obtained, depending on availabilityof time and personnel, on computer disk, or in tabularform. The data will be in summary form and subject to thesame rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential informa-tion (including name, address, kind of business, or otherdata for individual firms) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. Arequest for a cost estimate, as well as exact specificationson the type and format of the data to be provided, shouldbe directed to the Chief, Economic Census Branch,U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6400.

4Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale bySuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.



To discuss a special tabulation before submitting arequest, call 301-457-3318.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used inthis publication:

− Represents zero.D Withheld to avoid disclosing data for

individual companies; data are included inhigher-level totals.

IC Independent city.

NA Not available.

X Not applicable.

CDP Census designated place.

CMSA Consolidated metropolitan statistical area.

MA Metropolitan area.

MSA Metropolitan statistical area.

PMSA Primary metropolitan statistical area.

SIC Standard industrial classification.

n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

pt. Part.



Summary of Findings

In 1997, there were 20.8 million firms, employing103.4 million people and generating $18.6 trillion inbusiness revenues. Firms with paid employees numbered5.3 million and accounted for $17.9 trillion in businessrevenues.

SCOPE OF THIS REPORT

The 1997 Company Summary report provides data onboth the number of employer and nonemployer firms,sales and receipts, annual payroll, and employment. Dataaggregates are presented by race, ethnicity, and genderfor the United States by two-digit Standard Industrial Clas-sification code, industry division by state, employmentand receipts size, and legal form of organization.

The data in this report were compiled by combiningdata collected on business owners in the 1997 EconomicCensus Surveys of Minority- and Women-Owned BusinessEnterprises with data collected on the main economic cen-sus and administrative records. Included are all nonfarmbusinesses filing 1997 tax forms as individual proprietor-ships, partnerships, and any type of corporation, and withreceipts of $1,000 or more. The data are not comparableto earlier surveys due to significant methodology changesthat are discussed in the section below on Data Compara-bility to Prior Surveys.

INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS

Forty-three percent of all firms were in the serviceindustry and accounted for 14.1 percent of the total grossreceipts. Forty percent of these service firms providedbusiness and personal services. The retail trade industryaccounted for 13.9 percent of all firms and 14.3 percent ofall receipts.

Construction firms accounted for 11.2 percent of allfirms, but only 5.1 percent of the total gross receipts.Twenty-three percent of the receipts generated by thenation’s businesses were concentrated in the wholesaletrade industry.

Table A. Top Industry Receipt Leaders for AllU.S. Firms: 1997

IndustryReceipts

(milliondollars)

Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,270,041Wholesale trade-durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,317,535Wholesale trade-nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952,506

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,515Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518,959Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,131Industrial machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411,881

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649,085Automotive dealers and service stations . . . . . . . . . . 807,900Food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428,384Miscellaneous retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413,842

SIZE OF FIRM

All firms with paid employees accounted for 25.4 per-cent of the total number of firms and 96.5 percent ofgross receipts. There were 95,654 firms with 100 employ-ees or more which accounted for $12.7 billion in grossreceipts (70.9 percent of the total receipts of all employerfirms).

There were 1,050,379 firms in the U.S. with grossreceipts of $1 million or more. These firms accounted foronly 5.0 percent of the total number of firms but 90.9 per-cent of the total gross receipts. Thirty-five percent of allU.S. firms had gross receipts of under $10,000.



GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

California had the most firms at 2,565,734 or 12.3 per-cent of all U.S. firms with receipts of $2.2 trillion or 11.7percent of all business receipts. Texas was second with1,526,972 or 7.3 percent with receipts of $1.4 trillion or7.6 percent of total receipts. New York was third in num-ber of firms with 1,509,829 but was second in receiptswith $1.5 trillion or 8.0 percent of total receipts.

RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENDER

Of all U.S. firms, 54.6 percent had men as the majorityowners with 35.7 percent of total receipts; 26.0 percenthad women as the majority owners with only 4.4 percentof total receipts; and 17.5 percent were equally

male-/female-owned with 5.1 percent of total receipts.The remaining 1.8 percent were publicly held, foreign-owned and not-for-profit businesses whose ownership bygender could not be determined, but they accounted for54.8 percent of all receipts.

Among privately owned firms in which the race andgender of the owners could be determined, white non-Hispanics owned the largest share of U.S. firms and busi-ness receipts, 84.7 percent and 92.5 percent, respectively.

Minorities owned 14.9 percent of the nation’s 20.4 mil-lion privately held businesses, generating 7.0 percent oftheir receipts. Hispanics had the largest share of firmsowned by minorities, 39.5 percent, and Asian-owned firmsreaped the largest share of minority-owned business rev-enues, 51.2 percent.

Table B. Comparison of Business Ownership by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: 1997

All firms Percent of all U.S. firms

Firms(number)

Sales andreceipts(milliondollars) Firms

Sales andreceipts

All U.S. Firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,821,934 18,553,243 X XMen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,374,194 6,635,375 54.6 35.8Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,417,034 818,669 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,641,263 943,881 X XOther*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381,519 10,161,242 X X

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823,499 71,215 4.0 0.4Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443,643 51,069 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,884 13,551 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,972 6,595 X X

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,199,896 186,275 5.8 1.0Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666,486 133,167 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,708 27,319 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,702 25,788 X X

American Indian and Alaska Native. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,300 34,344 0.9 0.2Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,872 20,635 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,593 6,755 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,836 6,954 X X

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893,590 302,795 4.3 1.6Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487,329 214,372 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,202 37,391 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,059 51,031 X X

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,370 4,138 0.1 0.0Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,129 2,999 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,764 710 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,476 430 X X

White non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,316,796 7,763,011 83.2 41.8Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,689,012 6,189,072 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,487,589 732,148 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,140,194 841,790 X X

Fifty-percent minority/fifty-percent nonminority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,586 37,732 0.4 0.2Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,952 23,267 X XWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,042 1,855 X XEqually owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,593 12,610 X X

Other* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381,519 10,161,242 1.8 54.8

*Includes publicly held corporations, foreign-owned, and not-for-profit companies.



DATA COMPARABILITY TO PRIOR SURVEYS

The data for 1997 are not directly comparable to previ-ous survey years because of several changes to the surveymethodology. These changes are discussed in detail in theintroductory text in the section titled ‘‘Comparability of1992 and 1997 Data.’’ The most significant changesoccurred in the treatment of C corporations, in tabulatingbusinesses with 50-percent minority ownership, in theestimates of Hispanic-, Asian-, Pacific Islander-, AmericanIndian-, and Alaska Native-owned firms excluded from thedetailed tables of the 1992 publications, and in the identi-fication of firms with paid employees. In 1992 and inprevious studies, C corporations were excluded from thesurvey. Only subchapter S corporations, in addition topartnerships and sole proprietorships, were included. In1997, the universe for the Survey of Minority-Owned Busi-ness Enterprises was expanded to include all corporations.However, businesses that were foreign-owned, publiclyheld, nonprofit, or whose ownership was shared by itsmembership, such as mutual companies, were tabulatedseparately and not distributed to the race/ethnicity ofownership categories. Race/ethnicity of ownership for theremaining corporations was determined to be Hispanic ornon-Hispanic; Asian or non-Asian; Pacific Islander or non-Pacific Islander; American Indian or non-American Indian;or Alaska Native or non-Alaska Native, if 51 percent ormore of the stock interest, claims or rights were held bythe specific racial/ethnic group.

The second major change occurred with the treatmentof businesses with 50-percent minority/50-percent nonmi-nority ownership. In the past, businesses with 50 percentor more minority owners have been included in the minor-ity business data. For 1997, businesses in which owner-ship was shared among minority and nonminority groups

with no single racial/ethnic group having majority interestwere excluded from the minority business data and weretabulated and published separately as 50-percentminority-/50-percent nonminority-owned in the CompanySummary publication.

The third major change occurred with the exclusion ofsome Hispanic-, Asian-, Pacific Islander-, American Indian-,and Alaska Native-owned firms from the detailed tables ofthe 1992 reports. In the past, these businesses weresampled from a frame of businesses that had some prob-ability of being Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, AmericanIndian, or Alaska Native, either based on tax informationfrom the Social Security Administration, name recognition,or previously collected data. For businesses assumed tobe white non-Hispanic or for which no predefining infor-mation was available, a small sample of cases wasselected to estimate the number of firms owned by per-sons of minority ancestry that were not included in thepotentially Hispanic-, Asian-, Pacific Islander-, AmericanIndian-, or Alaska Native-owned business frame. The esti-mates from this sample were presented in a separate sec-tion of the reports as an estimate of the undercount andwere excluded from the detailed tables due to high stan-dard errors and insufficient industry detail. In the 1997survey, the estimates from this part of the sample wereincluded in the detailed tables of the publications.

The fourth major change occurred in identifying soleproprietorships with paid employees. The methodologywas revised to account for only those firms which paidpayroll taxes to the IRS. This resulted in a decrease in theestimate of firms with paid employees relative to the 1992methodology.



Figure 1.Percent Distribution of All U.S. Firms by Legal Form of Organization: 1997

C corporations11%

Individualproprietorships

73%

Other less than 1%

Partnerships6%

Figure 2.Percent Distribution of All U.S. Firms' Receipts by Legal Formof Organization: 1997

C corporations75%

Other1%

Partnerships3%

Subchapter Scorporations

16%

Subchapter S corporations10%

Individualproprietorships

5%

12 COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

Figure 3.Average Receipts per Firm: 1997

All minorities

All U.S. firms ex. publicly held,foreign-owned, and nonprofit

All U.S. firms

American Indianand Alaska Native

Hispanic

Black

White non-Hispanic

Native Hawaiianand Pacific Islander

Asian

214

448

339

174

155

86

446

195

411

891

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS COMPANY SUMMARY 13U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

[Thousand dollars]

Fifty-percent minority

Figure 4.Number of Firms and Employees by Industry Division for All U.S. Firms: 1997

Services

Retail trade

Manufacturing

Construction

Wholesale trade

Transportation,communications,

and utilities

Finance, insurance,and real estate

Agricultural services,forestry, and fishing

Mining

Industries not classified

8,891,023

2,889,041

688,782

2,237,675

797,856

1,480,003

919,570

2,333,424

496,164

126,809

34,884,760

22,268,978

18,968,167

7,430,891

6,877,507

5,883,270

5,678,306

725,410

616,232

26,294

IndustriesFirms Employees

14 COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

Table 1. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Major Industry Group, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender:1997

[Detail may not add to total because of rounding and because a Hispanic firm may be of any race and, therefore, may be included in more than one minority group (see Survey Methodology in theintroductory text). This table is based on the 1987 SIC system. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

SICcode

Major industry group, race, ethnicity, and gender

All firms1 Firms with paid employeesRelative standard error of

estimate (percent)2for columnm

Firms(number)

Sales andreceipts($1,000)

Firms(number)


Employees(number)

Annualpayroll

($1,000)

A B C D E F A B C D E F

All industries 20 821 934................... 18 553 243 047 5 295 151 17 907 940 321 103 359 815 2 936 492 940 – – – – – –

Women 5 417 034....................... 818 669 084 846 780 717 763 965 7 076 081 149 115 699 – 1 – 1 2 2Men 11 374 194.......................... 6 635 374 691 S 6 270 252 935 43 532 114 1 187 720 761 – 1 S 1 1 –Equally owned 3 641 263................. 943 880 584 1 029 469 828 389 812 8 284 537 160 989 000 – 1 – 1 1 1Other3 381 519........................ 10 161 241 786 S 10 104 057 581 44 458 403 1 437 194 875 – 2 S 2 1 2

Black 823 499............................. 71 214 662 93 235 56 377 860 718 341 14 322 312 1 2 2 3 4 3Women 312 884......................... 13 550 983 20 806 9 386 463 169 038 3 022 834 1 6 4 8 12 12Men 443 643............................ 51 068 883 60 411 41 919 792 461 385 9 933 092 1 3 2 4 5 5Equally owned 66 972................... 6 594 797 12 019 5 071 605 87 917 1 366 387 2 6 4 8 8 9

Hispanic 1 199 896........................... 186 274 582 211 884 158 674 537 1 388 746 29 830 028 – 3 1 4 3 3Women 337 708......................... 27 319 361 39 108 21 393 760 234 591 5 014 850 1 10 3 13 10 17Men 666 486............................ 133 167 476 134 801 116 456 706 946 394 21 476 911 1 4 3 5 3 4Equally owned 195 702................... 25 787 745 37 975 20 824 071 207 761 3 338 268 3 6 4 7 7 7

American Indian and Alaska Native 197 300... 34 343 907 33 277 29 226 260 298 661 6 624 235 2 6 4 7 13 15Women 53 593......................... 6 755 233 8 739 5 837 718 74 114 2 066 762 4 25 13 29 25 51Men 106 872............................ 20 634 911 19 646 17 623 637 148 543 3 434 134 2 6 5 7 7 5Equally owned 36 836................... 6 953 763 4 893 5 764 905 76 003 1 123 338 4 14 5 18 51 33

Asian 893 590............................. 302 794 625 286 976 274 569 397 2 169 032 45 395 276 1 4 1 4 5 4Women 242 202......................... 37 391 172 57 162 31 183 612 307 276 5 697 354 2 5 3 6 6 4Men 487 329............................ 214 372 423 174 835 198 180 078 1 486 381 33 526 697 1 4 2 5 7 5Equally owned 164 059................... 51 031 031 54 978 45 205 707 375 375 6 171 225 3 8 3 9 7 7

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 19 370.. 4 138 357 3 023 3 724 948 34 047 784 243 6 5 12 5 10 6Women 5 764......................... 709 599 647 560 203 6 327 104 303 13 26 28 33 43 32Men 10 129............................ 2 998 851 1 730 2 811 931 21 118 604 829 8 5 9 6 11 8Equally owned 3 476................... 429 907 646 352 814 6 602 75 111 9 14 26 17 9 9

White non~Hispanic 17 316 796................. 7 763 010 611 4 372 817 7 252 270 327 54 084 357 1 395 150 230 – 1 – 1 1 –Women 4 487 589......................... 732 148 251 719 290 648 363 983 6 278 860 133 066 211 – 1 1 1 2 1Men 9 689 012............................ 6 189 071 865 2 749 651 5 862 297 207 40 377 718 1 115 394 853 – 1 – 1 1 –Equally owned 3 140 194................... 841 790 494 903 876 741 609 138 7 427 777 146 689 167 – 1 – 1 1 1

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 84 586....................... 37 731 527 39 169 34 632 493 302 356 8 619 053 2 5 3 5 4 7Women 6 042......................... 1 854 689 2 962 1 670 435 19 222 354 191 10 9 12 10 12 9Men 28 952............................ 23 267 269 19 424 22 475 295 170 466 5 917 314 3 6 5 6 6 10Equally owned 49 593................... 12 609 570 16 784 10 486 762 112 669 2 347 548 4 9 3 9 6 6

Other3 381 519............................ 10 161 241 786 S 10 104 057 581 44 458 403 1 437 194 875 – 2 S 2 1 2

Agricultural services, forestry, andfishing 496 164............................... 64 032 640 114 587 50 775 178 725 410 14 923 855 – – – – – –

Women 74 444............................. 5 852 901 16 652 4 599 852 77 370 1 442 618 2 3 3 4 6 6Men 321 383................................ S S S S S – S S S S SEqually owned 98 966....................... 11 961 451 24 658 8 913 920 124 499 2 385 189 1 6 2 7 3 3Other3 2 410.............................. S S S S S 11 S S S S S

Black 12 464................................... 417 169 1 356 259 649 5 457 77 198 2 9 7 13 13 15Women 1 139............................... 56 103 173 D f D 7 24 24 D D DMen 10 513.................................. 317 197 1 034 D h D 3 8 9 D D DEqually owned 812......................... 43 869 148 D f D 10 29 24 D D D

Hispanic 40 040................................. 2 279 397 5 925 1 309 733 25 955 416 702 3 9 8 8 17 15Women 3 504............................... 225 761 768 135 019 3 468 48 135 13 14 20 16 33 32Men 30 210.................................. 1 703 849 4 056 930 882 15 775 281 070 3 13 5 7 15 10Equally owned 6 325......................... 349 786 1 102 243 832 6 712 87 496 10 13 37 20 51 51

American Indian and Alaska Native 8 942......... 360 484 797 174 841 2 760 50 041 4 8 12 18 22 24Women 1 363............................... 48 411 128 D e D 11 21 18 D D DMen 5 674.................................. 201 368 501 86 214 1 320 22 038 4 6 16 14 17 17Equally owned 1 906......................... 110 705 168 D f D 9 22 27 D D D

Asian 12 025................................... D 1 756 D j D 6 D 15 D D DWomen 1 564............................... 116 904 278 D g D 13 11 9 D D DMen 8 816.................................. D 1 334 D i D 9 D 20 D D DEqually owned 1 644......................... D 144 D e D 13 D 24 D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 963........ D 171 D f D 17 D 35 D D DWomen 114............................... 16 811 75 16 417 75 1 921 48 71 78 73 51 47Men 682.................................. D 85 D e D 23 D 28 D D DEqually owned 168......................... D 10 1 146 39 346 38 D 41 49 42 48

White non~Hispanic 420 375....................... 52 683 989 102 584 41 400 172 587 327 11 944 973 – 2 1 2 2 2Women 66 961............................... 5 378 656 15 184 4 311 556 71 314 1 354 360 2 4 3 5 5 7Men 265 801.................................. 36 060 241 64 475 28 612 029 400 797 8 347 035 – 2 1 2 2 2Equally owned 87 613......................... 11 245 093 22 925 8 476 587 115 217 2 243 578 1 6 2 7 6 4

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 1 458............................. 190 225 441 142 486 1 503 36 889 7 7 13 10 9 11Women 79............................... 14 745 57 D c D 43 43 61 D D DMen 337.................................. 88 382 169 78 098 615 16 474 10 18 17 19 13 13Equally owned 1 042......................... 87 098 215 D f D 12 9 25 D D D

Other3 2 410.................................. S S S S S 11 S S S S S

See footnotes at end of table.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS COMPANY SUMMARY 15U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001

Table 1. Statistics for All U.S. Firms by Major Industry Group, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender:1997mCon.


SICcode




Firms(number)


Firms(number)


Employees(number)

Annualpayroll

($1,000)


Agricultural services, forestry, andfishingmCon.

07 Agricultural services 412 852.................. 57 086 633 109 721 46 387 756 687 332 13 853 993 – – – – – –

Women 67 950............................. 5 494 966 16 215 4 409 259 75 385 1 395 487 2 4 3 4 6 6Men 263 564................................ S S S S S – S S S S SEqually owned 81 573....................... 10 792 350 23 465 8 437 876 119 722 2 267 265 1 7 2 7 3 3Other3 2 125.............................. S S S S S 13 S S S S S

Black 11 742................................... 398 558 1 331 255 006 5 427 76 768 2 9 7 13 13 15Women 1 045............................... 52 771 158 D f D 9 26 26 D D DMen 9 953.................................. 303 061 1 024 D h D 3 8 9 D D DEqually owned 744......................... 42 726 148 D f D 11 29 24 D D D

Hispanic 36 872................................. 2 109 344 5 568 1 220 041 24 716 396 342 2 10 8 9 17 15Women 3 257............................... 207 247 748 126 908 3 386 46 073 14 16 21 17 34 33Men 27 781.................................. 1 568 535 3 750 852 613 14 635 263 286 3 14 5 9 16 11Equally owned 5 834......................... 333 562 1 070 240 520 6 695 86 982 11 13 35 20 51 51

American Indian and Alaska Native 4 637......... 224 595 712 139 771 2 285 36 212 4 13 14 18 23 21Women 722............................... 36 546 126 D e D 10 28 18 D D DMen 2 877.................................. 127 506 445 D g D 6 12 19 D D DEqually owned 1 037......................... 60 543 140 D f D 9 29 26 D D D

Asian 7 538................................... 883 078 1 698 D j D 5 21 15 D D DWomen 1 084............................... D 263 D g D 16 D 9 D D DMen 5 542.................................. D 1 294 601 816 9 059 183 202 6 D 21 29 40 41Equally owned 912......................... D 141 D e D 12 D 24 D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 427........ 33 589 119 D f D 17 16 25 D D DWomen 63............................... D 25 D b D 23 D 55 D D DMen 265.................................. D 83 21 101 453 9 911 23 D 28 27 35 33Equally owned 99......................... D 10 1 146 39 346 21 D 41 49 42 48

White non~Hispanic 350 595....................... 47 564 024 98 544 38 446 270 560 155 11 231 174 1 2 1 2 2 2Women 61 941............................... 5 093 529 14 848 4 146 965 69 470 1 311 098 2 4 3 5 5 7Men 216 028.................................. 32 238 055 61 880 26 256 688 379 716 7 779 689 1 3 1 2 2 2Equally owned 72 626......................... 10 232 438 21 816 8 042 617 110 969 2 140 386 1 7 2 7 6 4

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 1 150............................. 156 145 415 129 218 1 285 33 218 11 9 14 11 11 13Women 65............................... D 57 D c D 51 D 61 D D DMen 283.................................. 84 646 164 D f D 10 19 18 D D DEqually owned 802......................... D 194 D f D 17 D 28 D D D

Other3 2 125.................................. S S S S S 13 S S S S S

08 Forestry 14 051.............................. 2 817 356 2 434 2 346 506 25 526 660 824 – – – – – –

Women 1 478............................. 167 448 280 121 969 1 627 36 676 10 11 15 11 27 17Men 9 270................................ S 1 585 S 17 625 439 973 2 S 5 S 3 2Equally owned 2 932....................... 330 868 502 233 789 3 176 78 290 3 9 6 13 22 25Other3 117.............................. S 89 S 3 124 106 010 9 S 8 S 1 1

Black 223................................... 6 306 8 2 200 24 364 12 14 31 2 10 5Women 33............................... D – – – – 23 D – – – –Men 164.................................. D 8 2 200 24 364 8 D 31 2 10 5Equally owned 26......................... D – – – – 53 D – – – –

Hispanic 334................................. 52 400 98 41 485 1 141 17 476 12 12 13 13 20 9Women 43............................... 6 263 17 D b D 21 2 33 D D DMen 213.................................. 44 162 76 D g D 15 15 14 D D DEqually owned S......................... S S S S S S S S S S S

American Indian and Alaska Native 209......... 25 513 40 21 128 441 11 513 22 36 43 44 55 53Women 29............................... D 1 D a D 23 D – D D DMen 128.................................. D 24 D c D 26 D 33 D D DEqually owned 53......................... D 14 D e D 30 D 71 D D D

Asian 52................................... D 3 D a D 20 D – D D DWomen 6............................... D – – – – – D – – – –Men 34.................................. 1 158 2 D a D 30 15 – D D DEqually owned 12......................... D 1 D a D 68 D – D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 10........ D 2 D a D 33 D – D D DWomen –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 10.................................. D 2 D a D 33 D – D D DEqually owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

White non~Hispanic 13 117....................... 2 396 048 2 201 1 952 189 20 658 524 037 1 2 2 2 3 2Women 1 373............................... 157 453 262 116 424 1 549 34 943 8 15 14 17 27 19Men 8 981.................................. 1 931 686 1 458 1 622 194 16 375 422 009 2 2 4 2 3 2Equally owned 2 763......................... 306 910 481 213 571 2 733 67 084 4 6 7 7 11 8

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 28............................. 4 885 3 D c D 27 6 – D D DWomen –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 3.................................. D 2 D a D – D – D D DEqually owned 25......................... D 1 D c D 31 D – D D D

Other3 117.................................. S 89 S 3 124 106 010 9 S 8 S 1 1


16 COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001



SICcode




Firms(number)


Firms(number)


Employees(number)

Annualpayroll

($1,000)


Agricultural services, forestry, andfishingmCon.

09 Fishing, hunting, and trapping 69 271......... 4 128 651 2 442 2 040 916 12 552 409 038 – – – – – –

Women 5 017............................. 190 487 159 68 624 358 10 455 3 9 27 27 25 42Men 48 550................................ 2 229 724 1 561 856 553 4 864 160 411 1 3 10 6 6 7Equally owned 14 460....................... 838 233 691 242 255 1 601 39 634 3 4 7 8 7 4Other3 177.............................. 922 342 153 919 290 5 604 204 832 8 2 10 2 3 2

Black 500................................... 12 305 17 2 443 6 67 12 26 59 61 16 22Women 61............................... D 15 D a D 24 D 66 D D DMen 396.................................. D 2 D a D 17 D – D D DEqually owned 42......................... D – – – – 42 D – – – –

Hispanic 2 835................................. 117 652 259 48 207 98 2 885 9 12 45 28 24 10Women 205............................... 12 252 2 D a D 14 5 – D D DMen 2 216.................................. 91 152 230 D b D 11 16 51 D D DEqually owned 414......................... 14 249 27 D a D 15 22 91 D D D

American Indian and Alaska Native 4 096......... 110 376 45 13 942 34 2 316 4 8 32 30 28 33Women 612............................... D 1 D a D 15 D – D D DMen 2 668.................................. D 31 D a D 7 D 40 D D DEqually owned 816......................... D 14 D a D 16 D 63 D D D

Asian 4 434................................... D 55 D c D 11 D 32 D D DWomen 475............................... D 15 D b D 24 D 69 D D DMen 3 239.................................. 114 082 39 D c D 15 11 37 D D DEqually owned 720......................... D 2 D a D 25 D – D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 526........ D 50 D b D 23 D 98 D D DWomen 51............................... D 50 D b D 92 D 94 D D DMen 407.................................. D – – – – 28 D – – – –Equally owned 68......................... D – – – – 71 D – – – –

White non~Hispanic 56 663....................... 2 723 917 1 843 1 001 713 6 515 189 762 1 2 6 4 3 3Women 3 648............................... 127 673 76 48 167 295 8 319 5 3 15 9 14 8Men 40 792.................................. 1 890 500 1 137 733 146 4 706 145 336 1 3 10 6 4 5Equally owned 12 223......................... 705 743 629 220 399 1 514 36 107 3 3 8 9 9 7

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 281............................. 29 195 22 D b D 22 16 30 D D DWomen 14............................... D – – – – 55 D – – – –Men 52.................................. D 3 D a D 38 D – D D DEqually owned 215......................... D 19 D b D 21 D 34 D D D

Other3 177.................................. 922 342 153 919 290 5 604 204 832 8 2 10 2 3 2

Mining 126 809................................ 176 609 179 20 917 171 107 096 616 232 27 397 247 – – – – – –

Women 20 030............................. 7 186 113 2 180 6 491 900 25 982 873 455 3 7 17 7 5 8Men 72 262................................ 42 992 271 S 39 931 867 219 356 S 1 6 S 6 3 SEqually owned 30 430....................... 4 436 548 3 833 3 118 314 28 290 815 501 2 9 6 13 8 9Other3 4 041.............................. 119 769 352 S 119 447 120 336 606 S 3 5 S 5 5 S

Black 231................................... 21 551 16 12 867 186 5 319 14 13 19 9 6 6Women 44............................... 6 068 1 D b D 34 1 – D D DMen 143.................................. 14 332 14 D b D 19 20 22 D D DEqually owned 44......................... 1 151 1 D a D 21 20 – D D D

Hispanic 1 909................................. 429 446 325 367 442 3 569 97 854 7 15 20 18 28 23Women 292............................... 23 448 23 9 304 103 2 232 14 22 45 40 8 20Men 996.................................. 242 738 204 216 206 2 744 74 220 6 23 22 27 36 30Equally owned 622......................... 163 261 98 141 932 722 21 402 11 8 27 10 31 20

American Indian and Alaska Native 947......... 543 908 199 465 764 2 124 64 737 10 57 19 67 13 20Women 178............................... 102 834 19 D g D 14 8 27 D D DMen 541.................................. 424 780 160 361 163 828 25 900 11 71 22 84 25 40Equally owned 228......................... 16 293 20 D b D 19 27 28 D D D

Asian 626................................... D 86 D f D 11 D 23 D D DWomen 140............................... 6 317 2 D b D 20 8 – D D DMen 320.................................. D 45 D c D 14 D 21 D D DEqually owned 166......................... D 39 D f D 16 D 48 D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 33........ D 1 D a D 40 D – D D DWomen –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 14.................................. D 1 D a D 60 D – D D DEqually owned 19......................... D – – – – 67 D – – – –

White non~Hispanic 118 741....................... 55 824 902 18 597 50 845 596 272 056 10 181 606 1 5 3 6 2 3Women 19 391............................... 7 045 361 2 124 6 376 604 24 516 833 908 3 7 13 7 6 9Men 70 201.................................. 44 707 174 12 841 41 665 898 221 110 8 587 750 1 7 3 7 2 4Equally owned 29 149......................... 4 072 366 3 632 2 803 095 26 430 759 949 2 8 5 10 6 6

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 449............................. 99 300 162 71 152 985 21 404 12 25 27 29 40 36Women 17............................... 9 696 11 D b D 25 15 34 D D DMen 219.................................. 56 907 107 40 948 620 14 120 25 34 31 38 53 43Equally owned 213......................... 32 697 44 D e D 17 46 47 D D D

Other3 4 041.................................. 119 769 352 S 119 447 120 336 606 S 3 5 S 5 5 S


1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS COMPANY SUMMARY 17U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001



SICcode




Firms(number)


Firms(number)


Employees(number)

Annualpayroll

($1,000)


MiningmCon.

10 Metal mining 1 819.......................... 12 068 979 600 12 022 441 54 291 2 497 161 – – – – – –

Women 143............................. 20 946 40 18 748 234 6 249 16 23 53 26 18 22Men 984................................ 1 722 403 248 D i D 11 1 20 D D DEqually owned 381....................... 49 715 79 43 245 453 14 268 16 12 20 14 9 11Other3 295.............................. 10 116 475 269 D k D 11 6 12 D D D

Black 13................................... D – – – – 29 D – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 11.................................. D – – – – 33 D – – – –Equally owned 2......................... D – – – – – D – – – –

Hispanic 45................................. 3 982 20 2 657 67 2 572 35 8 75 13 53 67Women S............................... S S S S S S S S S S SMen 10.................................. D 3 D b D 23 D – D D DEqually owned 20......................... D 16 D b D 74 D 92 D D D

American Indian and Alaska Native 28......... 2 236 7 D a D 41 34 61 D D DWomen 3............................... D – – – – 43 D – – – –Men 18.................................. D 1 D a D 48 D – D D DEqually owned 7......................... D 6 D a D 60 D 70 D D D

Asian 16................................... D 11 D a D 35 D 45 D D DWomen S............................... S S S S S S S S S S SMen 4.................................. D 2 D a D – D – D D DEqually owned 11......................... D 9 D a D 54 D 53 D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander –........ – – – – – – – – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men –.................................. – – – – – – – – – – –Equally owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

White non~Hispanic 1 401....................... 1 941 826 294 1 901 337 11 153 409 306 7 3 13 4 4 4Women 124............................... 20 140 39 18 537 232 6 190 17 12 34 13 14 12Men 956.................................. 1 875 340 206 1 841 499 10 511 391 105 11 4 14 4 4 4Equally owned 320......................... 46 346 49 41 301 410 12 011 14 9 19 10 15 11

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 21............................. D – – – – 93 D – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men –.................................. – – – – – – – – – – –Equally owned 21......................... D – – – – 93 D – – – –

Other3 295.................................. 10 116 475 269 D k D 11 6 12 D D D

12 Coal mining 2 242........................... 24 288 482 1 422 24 170 302 99 403 4 561 564 – – – – – –

Women 100............................. 181 968 49 179 946 1 397 47 078 16 6 13 6 10 9Men 1 765................................ 9 025 695 989 D k D 8 5 7 D D DEqually owned 160....................... 233 104 80 201 061 1 479 56 024 20 32 32 37 34 36Other3 162.............................. 14 386 114 161 D k D 32 – 32 D D D

Black 6................................... 93 1 D a D – – – D D DWomen 1............................... D – – – – – D – – – –Men 5.................................. D 1 D a D – D – D D DEqually owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

Hispanic 9................................. 239 – – – – 21 39 – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 6.................................. D – – – – 30 D – – – –Equally owned 2......................... D – – – – 30 D – – – –

American Indian and Alaska Native S......... S S S S S S S S S S SWomen –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men S.................................. S S S S S S S S S S SEqually owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

Asian 5................................... D – – – – 35 D – – – –Women S............................... S S S S S S S S S S SMen 3.................................. D – – – – 45 D – – – –Equally owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander –........ – – – – – – – – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men –.................................. – – – – – – – – – – –Equally owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

White non~Hispanic 2 046....................... 9 894 986 1 246 9 777 893 51 063 2 055 949 4 5 5 4 6 4Women 97............................... 181 958 49 179 946 1 397 47 078 17 10 15 10 10 11Men 1 792.................................. 9 479 942 1 117 9 396 886 48 187 1 952 847 7 5 7 5 7 5Equally owned 158......................... 233 086 80 201 061 1 479 56 024 17 37 31 38 33 34

Fifty~percent minority/fifty~percentnonminority 7............................. D 7 D b D 88 D 88 D D DWomen –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 7.................................. D 7 D b D 88 D 88 D D DEqually owned –......................... – – – – – – – – – – –

Other3 162.................................. 14 386 114 161 D k D 32 – 32 D D D


18 COMPANY SUMMARY 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 4, 2001



SICcode




Firms(number)


Firms(number)


Employees(number)

Annualpayroll

($1,000)


MiningmCon.

13 Oil and gas extraction 115 953................. 122 848 428 15 210 117 695 150 353 276 16 204 547 – – – – – –

Women 19 067............................. 6 180 286 1 723 5 507 693 17 464 604 797 3 8 22 9 8 11Men 64 853................................ 26 112 968 S 23 287 675 119 199 4 052 007 1 9 S 11 6 7Equally owned 28 755....................... 3 605 913 3 182 2 370 431 21 621 601 479 2 10 7 17 9 10Other3 3 297.............................. 85 696 945 S 85 390 682 196 937 10 360 002 4 7 S 7 9 3

Black 202................................... 13 409 12 D c D 16 19 26 D D DWomen 43............................... D 1 D b D 34 D – D D DMen 118.................................. 6 202 10 D b D 23 43 32 D D DEqually owned 42......................... D 1 D a D 22 D – D D D

Hispanic 1 801................................. 390 240 278 330 216 3 126 84 994 8 16 22 20 32 27Women 268............................... 19 753 18 5 746 47 1 246 16 26 58 65 18 37Men 942.................................. 210 899 183 185 040 2 427 65 233 7 27 24 31 40 34Equally owned 591......................... 159 589 77 139 430 652 18 515 12 9 34 10 35 23

American Indian and Alaska Native 862......... 531 229 152 453 771 1 962 61 182 12 58 28 69 15 22Women 165............................... D 11 D g D 15 D 41 D D DMen 476.................................. D 129 D f D 15 D 30 D D DEqually owned 220......................... D 13 D b D 18 D 33 D D D

Asian 588................................... D 61 215 792 932 31 048 12 D 35 57 72 70Women 136............................... D 1 D a D 22 D – D D DMen 297.................................. 83 268 29 D c D 15 16 30 D D DEqually owned 155......................... D 30 D f D 18 D 63 D D D

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 32........ D – – – – 41 D – – – –Women –............................... – – – – – – – – – – –Men 13.................................. D – – – – 64 D – – – –Equally owned 19......................... D – – – – 67 D – – – –

White non~Hispanic 108 968....................... 36 234 079 13 713 31 576 029 149 928 5 666 590 1 8 5 9 4 6Women 18 469............................... 6 047 376 1 682 5 399 554 16 120 567 633 4 8 17 8 9 13Men