Communication and InteractionB.Ed. Unit III
M.VijayalakshmiAssistant Professor
Unit IIICommunication and Interaction
Communication – Concept, Elements, Process, Barriers and Nature – Types of classroom communication – verbal, non – verbal classroom communication – its barriers and solutions
Meaning• ‘Communis’ – Latin Word – ‘to make
common’• Having common experiences with
others• Edgar Dale –
Communication is the sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality
• Communication Media
Concept
• Act of communicating• Ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. or transfer any
type of information and knowledge to others • Instruments, appliances, devices• Telephone, teleprinter, telegram, fax, e –
mail, radio broadcasting and telecasting• Two-sided affair• Sharing process• Verbal or non-verbal
Characteristics of Communication• It involves at least two persons• In it message is a must• It is written, oral or gestural• It is a two way process• Its primary purpose is to motivate a response• It is formal or informal • It flows up and down and also from side to side• It is an integral part of the process of exchange
Objectives of Communication
• To convey the right message• To serve coordination• To create industrial relations• To develop managerial skill• To create effectiveness of polices • To boost morale
Elements of Communication
The Source
The Message
The Channel
The Destination
Process of CommunicationCommunication
Media
Receiver
Communication Media
Sources of Communication
Communication
Material
Facilitators or Barriers
Of Communication
Responded Material
or Feedback
Facilitators or Barriers of
Communication
Process of Communication• The source of communication or sender of
the message• Contents of communication or message• Media or channel of communication• The Receiver of the communication• Response material or Feed back • Facilitators or Barriers of communication- Internal barriers of Communication- External barriers of Communication
Internal barriers of Communication
• Poor physical health or illness• Poor previous knowledge and general
knowledge• Poor mental health and improper
psychological make up• Handicapped in understanding the symbolic
expression, verbalism and graphical representation etc
External barriers of Communication• Noise and other similar distracters• Polluted environment• Invisibility• Environmental and physical discomfort• Improper functioning of the communication
channels• The non-cooperation or rivalries and
competitions among the participants• Lack of proper motivation , incentives, zeal and
enthusiasm – sender and receiver
Teaching as a Process of Communication
• Who – teacher, text-book, writer, T.V., presenter, radio broadcast etc.
• Says What – content of the lessons and text-books etc
• By What means – face-to-face speech, pictures, films, slides, radio, T.V. etc
• To Whom – learners• With What effect – reaction and feedback
Forms of Communication
Oral
Spoken Heard
Symbolic
Signs Gestures
Pantomime
Graphic
Written Art
Communication in Education
Teaching
Content
Methods Instruction
Communication
Media &Communication or
Instruction
No Projected Media
Software
Approach
Projected Media
Hardware
Approach
Communication Cycle
Content
Words
Listene
r
Content
Listener Words Effect
Effect Attitude Changed
Knowledge or Information Acquired
Behaviour
The Effects of Spoken Communication
Communication Cycle
SenderOr
Source
Message Or
Signal
MediumOr
Channel of
Communication
Receiver Or
Decoder
Classroom Communication
Sender (Teacher)
Receiver (Learner)
Formulates
Encodes
Transmits Message(Content)
Medium(Signs, Symbols, etc)
Message
via
Transmits
Decodes
Interprets
Mediumvia
Types of Communication
•Verbal and non –verbal communication•Natural and Mechanical
communication
Non –Verbal Communication
• Facial Expression• Language of the Eye• Body Language• Sound Symbols• Symbolic Code Language
Barriers to Non –Verbal Communication• Inaudibility of speech• Abnormal speed of speech• Unfamiliar pronunciation of the teacher• Use of unfamiliar words and technical terms without
explanation• Lack of understanding of the basic knowledge of the
students – known as referent confusion• Day dreams on the part of the students on account of their
inattentiveness• Unsystematic presentation of the subject-matter• Lack of scope of immediate feedback• Lack of physical facilities in the classroom• Socio-economic and cultural differences among the students
Types of communication in terms of communication situation or environment
• One to one communication• Small group communication• Large group or public
communication• Organizational or institutional
communication• Mass communication
Types of Communication
• Speaking-Listening (Oral Communication)• Visualizing-Observing (Visual
Communication)• Speaking-Visualizing (Oral-visual
Communiation)• Writing-Reading
Oral Communiation (Speaking and listening channels)
i. Prose Communicationii. Heuristic CommunicationWritten Communication (Writing and
reading channels)i. Algorithms Device of Communicationii. Decision Table Device of
Communication
Oral communication
Content
Method
Aid
Students
Listening
Speaking
Teacher
Speaking
Listening
Teacher and Student Interaction(Audio Linguistic Method)
Oral communication1. Continuous Prose The structure of the prose - simple and
easy Complied concepts and facts –
presented in small and simple sentences
Students - Active voice only. No compound sentences
No negative sentences
HeuristicsPolio and Dunker
• Several expected outcome• Several expected interaction• Structure of content - not define• Involves risk
AlgorithmsWason and Jones
• Develop chain learning• Develop reasoning abilities• Diagnose and rendition is provided• Realize effectively teaching
objectives
Decision TableGrad (1961)
• Possible only to commit minimum errors• Defined by assistance – cause-effect
relationship is explained• Used in CAI and teaching process. Improved
and changed• Sources of errors - considered
Barriers in Classroom Communication
• Out of school interference in the form of commercial and entertainment media
• Excessive verbalism• Referent confusion• Day dreaming• Limited perception• Physical discomfort
Achieving Effectiveness in Classroom Communication
• Two-way communication• Effective Feedback for Efficient Teaching• Communication and Principle of Clarity• Development of Motivation• Use of Technology/Instructional• Teaching Strategies and Skills
Two-way communication
• Feedback• Clarity•Motivation• Use of audio-visual aids• Teaching Skills
ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF
EXPERIENCES THEY PROVIDE
CONE OF EXPERIENCXES
ABSTRACT WORDS
CHALKBOARD
DISPLAY BOARDS
RADIO, AUDIO CASSETTES
PICTURES, MAPS, PHOTOGRAPHS
SLIDES, FILMSTRIPS
FILMS
TV, CCTV, VCR
DEMONSTRSTION
CASE STUDIESFIELD VISITS, OBSERVATIONS,
EXCURSIONREAL OBJECTS,SPECIMENS
ABSTRACT EXPERIENCE
INDIRECT VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE
DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE
CONE OF EXPERIENCES
Credit to the Sources
Images are taken from INTERNET Sources
THANK YOU