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PHL. 322PHL. 322Presented byPresented by
Dr. Khairy M A ZoheirDr. Khairy M A ZoheirAssociate ProfessorAssociate Professor
College of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy
KSUKSU
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I- CNS StimulantsI- CNS Stimulants
DrugsDrugs
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Nero!s SystemNero!s System
" #he nero!s system can be classi$ed #he nero!s system can be classi$edintointo
" The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous S
ystem((CNS)CNS) %rain and s&inal cord%rain and s&inal cord
" The Periheral Nervous SystemThe Periheral Nervous System
((PNSPNS(( #he nero!s system o!tside of #he nero!s system o!tside ofthe brain and s&inal cordthe brain and s&inal cord
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Peri&heral Nero!s SystemPeri&heral Nero!s System
PNSPNS
Can be diided intoCan be diided into--
11--Sensory !ivisionSensor
y !ivision(
(a"rent)a"ren
t)
Cond!cts im&!lses from rece&tors to theCond!cts im&!lses from rece&tors to theCNS and 'nforms the CNS of the state ofCNS and 'nforms the CNS of the state of
the bodythe body
2(2( Motor !ivisionMotor !ivision((e"rent)e"rent)Cond!cts im&!lses from CNS to e)ectorsCond!cts im&!lses from CNS to e)ectors
organsorgans..
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*otor Ne!rons*otor Ne!rons
" #he motor diision is also diided into #he motor diision is also diided into" +(+( The somati# nervous system $The somati# nervous
system $
",-LUN#A/ 0generally1 Somatic nere,-LUN#A/ 0generally1 Somatic nere$bers that cond!ct im&!lses from the CNS$bers that cond!ct im&!lses from the CNSto seletal m!sclesto seletal m!scles
" %.%. The autonomi# nervous system$The autonomi# nervous s
ystem$
'N,-LUN#A/'N,-LUN#A/ 00generallygenerally11 Cond!ctsCond!ctsim&!lses from the CNS to smooth m!scleim&!lses from the CNS to smooth m!sclecardiac m!scle and glandscardiac m!scle and glands
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NeuronsNeurons
" #hey are the basic f!nctional !nit of #hey are the basic f!nctional !nit ofthe nero!s systemthe nero!s system..
" #hey contain three ma4or &arts #hey contain three ma4or &arts55 " +.cell body.+.cell body.
" 2. dendrites.2. dendrites.
" 3. a6on.3. a6on.
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Str!ct!reStr!ct!re
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Neurotransmitters CNSNeurotransmitters CNS
" #hey can be classi$ed into #hey can be classi$ed into 55 " +.+. 76itatory576itatory5
" ( Ach gl!tamate as&artate ( Ach gl!tamate as&artate serotonin and N7.serotonin and N7.
" 22. 'nhibitory5(. 'nhibitory5(
" ( 8A%A glycin .( 8A%A glycin .
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CNS StimulantsCNS Stimulants
" 9e$nation9e$nation
::Stim!lants are a s!bstanceStim!lants are a s!bstance
;hich tends to increase;hich tends to increase
behaioral actiity ;henbehaioral actiity ;hen
administered
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" Signs and sym&toms5Signs and sym&toms5
" +( 7leate *ood+( 7leate *ood
" 2( 'ncrease *otor Actiity2( 'ncrease *otor Actiity
" 3( 'ncrease Alertness3( 'ncrease Alertness
"=( 9ecrease need for Slee&=( 9ecrease need for Slee&
" 'n case of oerdose lead to'n case of oerdose lead tocon!lsion and death.con!lsion and death.
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M&A o' CNS StimulantsM&A o' CNS Stimulants
" +( %loc ne!rotransmitters re!&tae+( %loc ne!rotransmitters re!&tae0*ost re!&tae inhibitors a)ect either N70*ost re!&tae inhibitors a)ect either N7or >(H#0Serotonin1 5 Cocaineor >(H#0Serotonin1 5 Cocaine
" 2( Promote ne!rotransmitters release 52( Promote ne!rotransmitters release 5Am&hetamineAm&hetamine
" 3( %loc *etabolism ( *A- inhibitors3( %loc *etabolism ( *A- inhibitors0monoamine o6idase15e6. Phenel?ine0monoamine o6idase15e6. Phenel?ine
" =. antagoni?e the e)ect of inhibitory=. antagoni?e the e)ect of inhibitoryne!rotransmitter5ne!rotransmitter5 Picroto6inPicroto6in @@ StrychnineStrychnine"
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Ne!ronal Syna&seNe!ronal Syna&se
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Ne!ronal Syna&seNe!ronal Syna&se
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CNS StimulantsCNS Stimulants
" (( #hey can be diided based on their site #hey can be diided based on their siteof actionof action55
" +.Cerebral stim!lants 0am&hetamines1+.Cerebral stim!lants 0am&hetamines1
" 2.*ed!llary stim!lants 0&icroto6in12.*ed!llary stim!lants 0&icroto6in1
" 3.S&inal stim!lants 0strychnine13.S&inal stim!lants 0strychnine1
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a *or+ a *or+
" -- &,e#tives$& ,e#tives$ " +( #o demonstrate e)ects of some CNS+( #o demonstrate e)ects of some CNS
stim!lant on mice.stim!lant on mice.
" 2( After the lab yo! sho!ld able to handle2( After the lab yo! sho!ld able to handleand in4ect the mice correctly.and in4ect the mice correctly.
" 3( /o! sho!ld able to di)erentiate bet;een3( /o! sho!ld able to di)erentiate bet;eenam&hetamine&icroto6in and strychinineam&hetamine&icroto6in and strychinine
regarding the sym&toms that ind!ced byregarding the sym&toms that ind!ced byeach of them.each of them.
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+( Am&hetamine+( Am&hetamine
" M&AsM&As $$
" %loc the re!&tae of nore&ine&hrine and%loc the re!&tae of nore&ine&hrine and
do&amine into the &resyna&tic ne!ron anddo&amine into the &resyna&tic ne!ron andincrease the release of these monoaminesincrease the release of these monoamines
into the e6trane!ronal s&ace.into the e6trane!ronal s&ace.
- Clini#al use$- Clini#al use$
" +. Narcole&sy.+. Narcole&sy." 2. Attention(de$cit hy&eractiity disorder2. Attention(de$cit hy&eractiity disorder
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Am&hetamineAm&hetamine
" Aderse e)ectsAderse e)ects55" - Car!iovas#ular$- Car!iovas#ular$ Hy&ertension 0B to 22BHy&ertension 0B to 22B
&ediatric 1&ediatric 1
" - n!o#rine metaoli#$- n!o#rine metaoli#$ eight loss 0=B to DBeight loss 0=B to DB&ediatricE ++B ad!lts 1&ediatricE ++B ad!lts 1
" - astrointestinal$- astrointestinal$ Abdominal &ain 0++B toAbdominal &ain 0++B to+=B &ediatrics 1 Loss of a&&etite 022B to 3FB1+=B &ediatrics 1 Loss of a&&etite 022B to 3FB1
Gerostomia 03>B 1Gerostomia 03>B 1
" - Neurologi#$- Neurologi#$ Headache 02FB 1 'nsomniaHeadache 02FB 1 'nsomnia ا ا 001212B to +B &ediatricE 2B ad!lts 1B to +B &ediatricE 2B ad!lts 1
" - Psy#hiatri#$- Psy#hiatri#$ eeling nero!s 0FB 1eeling nero!s 0FB 1
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Am&hetamineAm&hetamine
" After in4ecting the mice ;ithAfter in4ecting the mice ;itham&hetamine yo! ;ell noticeam&hetamine yo! ;ell notice55
( Hair erection( Hair erection" ( Licing gna;ing.( Licing gna;ing.
" ( Stereoty&e( Stereoty&e
" ( SniIng( SniIng
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Picroto6inPicroto6in
" M&AM&A$$" Non(com&etitie antagonist of 8A%ANon(com&etitie antagonist of 8A%A
rece&tors.rece&tors.
" After in4ecting the mice ;ith &icroto6in yo!After in4ecting the mice ;ith &icroto6in yo!;ell notice;ell notice55 (( Cloni# #onvulsionCloni# #onvulsion characteri?ed by 5characteri?ed by 5
" +. Asymmetric+. Asymmetric
" 2. 'ntermittent2. 'ntermittent" 3. S&ontaneo!s3. S&ontaneo!s" =. Coordinated=. Coordinated
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StrychinineStrychinine
" M&AM&A$$" Com&etitie antagonist of the glycin rece&tors.Com&etitie antagonist of the glycin rece&tors.
" After in4ecting the mice ;ith Strychinine yo! ;ellAfter in4ecting the mice ;ith Strychinine yo! ;ell" notice5notice5(( Toni# #onvulsionToni# #onvulsion characteri?edcharacteri?ed by 5by 5
" +. Symmetric+. Symmetric" 2. eJe6 in origin2. eJe6 in origin" 3. Contin!o!s3. Contin!o!s" =. Uncoordinated.=. Uncoordinated.