CLIVE FORSTER-COOPER

1880-1947

Clive Forster-C ooper was born in a house in Finchley Road, Hampstead, London, on 3 April 1880. He was the second child and only son of John Forster- Cooper and his wife Mary.

John Forster-Cooper was a solicitor, whose descent in the male line can be traced back to 1427 and probably to 1327. The family was always associated with Wiltshire, owning land in Ablington and Upper and Lower Netheravon. Throughout the eighteenth century they lived in Salisbury, two members being aldermen and one mayor of that city, the latter knowing Goldsmith and Dr Johnson. They were solicitors, barristers and clergymen, in essence a typical family of country gentlemen.

Forster-Cooper’s mother was a daughter of Miles Miley and his wife, Catharine Fargues, daughter of Pierre de la Fargues, a French Huguenot of Normandy.

Miles Miley was an amateur botanist and naturalist, who seems to have encouraged Clive Forster-Cooper in his interest in natural history.

Clive Forster-Cooper received his education at a private school (Summer- fields, Oxford) and from 1894-1897 at Rugby. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of seventeen, the Rev R. St J. Parry being his tutor and Adam Sedgwick his supervisor.

He read zoology, physiology and geology for Part I of the Tripos, but, as he records, at the beginning of his second year J. Stanley Gardiner came up to him as he was dissecting in the laboratory and asked him if he would accompany him on an expedition to the Maidive Islands. At that time it was customary to spend three years in preparation for Part I of the Tripos, so that Forster-Cooper had to complete his preparation and sit the examination in five months instead of the two sessions he had expected. In consequence he got Class III at the age of nineteen.

Shortly after his Tripos, Forster-Cooper met Stanley Gardiner in Ceylon and went with him to Male, the capital and seat of the Sultan of the Maldives, where they set up the base of the expedition on 23 October 1899.

The expedition was lent a small native schooner of sixteen tons and ‘a very friendly crew of twenty native Maldivans’ by the Sultan. With this boat the expedition travelled throughout the whole group of islands, dredging and sounding, making great collections and studying the mode of formation of coral reefs.

During this expedition Stanley Gardiner contracted malaria and was forced»3

to return to Colombo for treatment, leaving Forster-Cooper, then aged twenty, to travel on in the schooner and add to the records and collections.

Collecting on a coral reef is a most strenuous business; it is extremely rough and difficult to get about on, and to collect one must be constantly in and out of the sea; the fauna is immense in actual numbers of animals and in their variety so that you have to be constantly on the alert. In the evening there is the labelling and writing up of records. Add to this responsibility for an expedition with a ship and twenty men. Thus, before he came of age, Forster-Cooper had shown his self-reliance and toughness.

Forster-Cooper returned to Cambridge towards the end of 1900 to take Part II of the Tripos. At that time it was usual to take two subjects in this examination, but as a special privilege he was allowed to present zoology alone, with the proviso that Class I would be ruled out. He thus graduated in 1901 with a second class.

In 1902-1903 Forster-Cooper was a naturalist to the International North Seas Fisheries Commission, spending most of his time on the Commission’s trawler at sea. He then returned to Cambridge, working there on materials collected in the Maldives.

In 1905 Forster-Cooper joined the Percy Sladen expedition to the Indian Ocean, under Stanley Gardiner. This expedition was carried out by H.M.S. Sealark, a survey ship officered by the Royal Navy. This ship made many deep soundings on her voyage from Colombo to Addu in the Maldives, thence to Mauritius and north to the Seychelles. Forster-Cooper was responsible for the dredging carried out by the ship, and finally joined in two month’s collecting of the land fauna and flora of the Seychelles.

On his return to Cambridge in 1906, Forster-Cooper continued his work on the collections made on the two Indian Ocean expeditions, but in 1907 he met Dr C. W. Andrews in the British Museum of Natural History and became interested in fossil mammals, especially in the history of the elephant, to which Andrews had then recently made such important additions. To learn more of such matters he joined Dr Andrews’ collecting expedition to the Fayum in the winter of 1907, thus learning the technique of living and travelling in the desert and the modes of collecting fossil bones.

Forster-Cooper, becoming more and more interested in vertebrate palaeonto­logy, soon realized that the collections of fossil mammals in America vastly exceeded in quality as well as quantity those in the museums of Europe and went to the American Museum of Natural History, New York, to work under H. F. Osborn, who was then Professor of Zoology in Columbia University as well as Curator in the Museum.

Forster-Cooper spent a year in America in close association with Osborn, Matthew, Granger and W. K. Gregory, studying the vast collections of fossil mammals, and, by taking part in one of Granger’s collecting expeditions to Wyoming, learning more about the actual occurrence of fossil mammals and the way in which their bones could be dug out and carried safely to a museum.

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Clive Forster-Cooper * 85In 1910 he came back to Cambridge and immediately organized an expedition

to the Bugti beds of Baluchistan, which lie north of the Sind frontier. These beds had recently been visited by Dr Pilgrim of the Geological Survey of India, who had made, and subsequently described, collections which showed that they contained a large mammalian fauna. Forster-Cooper’s first expedition was most successful. He got new and much better collections, and he immediately organized a second expedition in 1911. On this expedition he exploited a bone bed full of remains of the gigantic rhinoceros in addition toother things of interest. These bones were perfectly preserved, but large and very fragile, and their collection and transport was only possible by the applica­tion of the methods shown to Forster-Cooper by Andrews and Granger. Even so, it was most difficult. The only method of transport was camel. A camel can only be ‘packed’ by hanging cases of equal weight on each side of the body by a sling passed over the back, and, strong though it is, it has its limits. Forster- Cooper found a complete pelvis of Baluch, a thing as big as that of a large elephant. With the sand and bandages necessary for its preservation, and the great wooden case needed to contain it, it weighed much more than half the maximum weight a camel can carry, so it was necessary to unpack it and place it, in its bandages, on a pad across a camel’s back. The camel got up, and even walked under the load, but the strain was too great and the pelvis gradually disintegrated and had to be abandoned. Such were the difficulties in a wild desert country with no roads before the incoming of motor transport.

These two expeditions showed Forster-Cooper’s great gifts as a traveller and collector. They were possible only because his personality endeared him to the Baluchis with whom he travelled, as to all those who worked with him.

Forster-Cooper came back to Cambridge in 1911 and immediately unpacked and began to prepare his collections with his own hands. He became very skilled at this work, doing all his own preparation, even making the large and intricate casts of his more important specimens himself.

In 1914 the first world war broke out and Forster-Cooper, like many other zoologists, was diverted to medical work on human animal parasites. After a preliminary training Forster-Cooper was attached to the team of workers under J. W. W. Stephens in the School of Tropical Medicine in the University of Liverpool. The work was a systematic examination of the action of quinine on malaria, covering all possible methods of administration and each species of malaria parasite. Forster-Cooper’s name appears as a collaborator in twenty- seven of the papers which recorded the results of this investigation between 1917 and 1921.

This war work interrupted Forster-Cooper’s tenure of the post of Super­intendent (later Director) of the University Museum of Zoology in Cambridge, which he held from 1914-1938.

On his return to Cambridge he took up again the private tuition he had done before the war. He was a very good teacher and an admirable lecturer with a great gift of drawing on a blackboard. Many of his pupils have attained distinc­tion as zoologists; they include C. F. A. Pantin, F. S. Russell, E. B. Worthington,

G. P. Wells, F. R. Parrington, W. T. Heasman and, for a shorter period, L. Hogben.

During this period Forster-Cooper held various posts in the Zoological Laboratory, becoming Lecturer and, in 1935, Reader in Vertebrata.

But soon after the war, perhaps in 1924, Forster-Cooper became interested in administration outside that of the museum which was his primary duty. He soon became a member of the Library Syndicate and of some of its subsidiary bodies. In this position he became aware of the difficult position into which the Library had fallen owing to the continuous and rapid increase of its book stock and of its readers. It soon became evident to Forster-Cooper that it would never be possible to provide adequate accommodation in the old University Library building, and in its neighbourhood, for a modern library, and he realized that the only solution of an urgent problem was to build a new building on an unencumbered site.

After a long and acrimonious discussion this view was finally accepted and a New Library Syndicate, of which Forster-Cooper was a member, was set up by the Senate to carry it into effect.

This syndicate, having secured a site across the river behind Clare College, in turn set up a Commission consisting of Forster-Cooper, A. L. Scholfield (the University Librarian), Sir Giles Scott, R.A. (the architect), and the secretaries of the Library and Buildings Syndicates to visit the U.S.A. and report on Library methods and buildings to be seen there as a guide to the design of the new Cambridge Library. This Commission carried out its visit as guests of the Rockefeller Foundation, and spent a considerable time visiting all the more modern university and other large libraries.

Meanwhile, Forster-Cooper had been appointed a member, and soon became Chairman, of the University Buildings Syndicate and had thus the pleasure of carrying into effect the great scheme he had himself originated.

He had earlier become a Fellow, and from 1928-1930 Bursar, of Trinity Hall, remaining as a non-stipendiary Fellow and Professorial Fellow until he left Cambridge in 1938.

By this time Forster-Cooper’s administrative ability had become well known and, to his pleasure, he became a member of the Fitzwilliam Museum Syndicate and, as a matter of duty, a member and secretary of the University Pensions Committee and secretary to the Special Board for Biology and Geology, and its successor the Faculty of Biology A.

Forster-Cooper accepted the post of superintendent of the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology because he was interested in museum work; his experience of American museums had shown him that it was possible so to arrange the exhibition galleries of a museum that they could teach much to any one who would read the labels, and he felt that the museum in Cambridge could play an important part in the work of the Zoology School.

At the time Forster-Cooper took charge the Zoology Museum had a very large exhibition room with a gallery and a number of storerooms and workshops. The floor of the exhibition room was covered with mounted skeletons and the

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Clive Forster-Cooper 8,walls were covered with an immense accumulation of heads and horns; it was a depressing spectacle in which it was difficult to find any individual specimen and impossible to learn anything from a systematic exhibit. But the very large collections built up by the gifts of zoologists over a long period of time were extremely comprehensive.

Forster-Cooper began by clearing out all the big-game trophies, putting most of the skeletons into store and emptying most of the cases. He then drew up a complete scheme of development designed to illustrate the whole history of vertebrate animals by showing in an orderly arrangement the structure and classification of each great group, the whole explained by carefully written labels.

He did much of the work with his own hands, preparing skulls and painting in the sutures between their bones, taking and labelling splendid photographs to illustrate special points of structure, and obtaining new specimens to fill the larger gaps in the collection. And, as neighbouring departments moved into new buildings, he took over the space so left vacant and turned it to museum use, setting up, for example, an excellent systematic series of invertebrate animals in a series of rooms.

Thus, in some twenty years, with very small funds, he revolutionized the whole institution and made it a modern teaching museum, logical in its arrange­ment and excellent in its presentation.

Forster-Cooper’s skill in museum work was based on his natural good taste; he was interested in pictures, especially early English water colours, and knew a great deal about them—indeed he was himself an excellent draughtsman who had made good water colours, and even some etchings, one of which at least, the head of one of R. C. Punnett’s Mendelian cocks, is excellent.

Thus there is a style about all his museum work which is a most unusual quality, but one which is an essential factor in all good exhibitions. Thus, when the Directorship of the British Museum (Natural History) became vacant in 1938 by the retirement of Dr C. T. Regan, it was natural that Forster-Cooper should be appointed as his successor.

He was a man with a wide knowledge of zoology, not only in the laboratory but in the field. He had travelled extensively and made great collections. He was well known to his scientific colleagues in America, and indeed over the world. His work at Cambridge had shown him to be an administrator of wide imagination who could handle detail as well as design broad schemes.

He had, largely with his own hands, completely reorganized a large museum and made it into a modern exhibition admirably fitted for its use by university students. He was a man respected by all, who had a great gift for friendship, capable of establishing the most happy relations with every one with whom he worked, from Maldivan boat-men and Baluchi camel-men to his colleagues in Trinity Hall.

Thus, at the age of fifty-eight, he was appointed to a post he had always desired. But at that time his health was not too sound; he had for years suffered from an obstinate sinus infection, and he was too old to look forward

to the long period of service which would be necessary if he were to modernize not only the exhibition galleries of the museum but also its general procedure. It was his wish to organize a series of great expeditions analogous' to those carried out by the large American museums, for he rightly held that in that way much was to be learnt, and great collections with fully adequate data brought together.

But, at the time of Forster-Cooper’s appointment, it was evident that war was a possibility and he had to discuss with the directors of the other great national museums in London what measures could be taken for the safety of their collections.

The Natural History Museum differs so much in the nature of its contents from those of art and archaeology that it presents special problems, for example a large part of the collection is preserved in inflammable alcohol in glass jars, and the collections as a whole include immense numbers of individual specimens and are both bulky and easily damaged. Furthermore, the individual specimens are often of negligible value. Thus it is difficult to determine a policy for evacuation, or for attempted protection in the museum building.

Eventually a policy was determined and was put into action before the actual outbreak of war, during the continuance of which the museum was continually occupied by fire-watchers, all the members of the staff of every grade who still remained taking this duty in turn.

Ultimately, Forster-Cooper actually lived in the museum for long periods, sleeping in his office and there cooking his own meals.

The museum was hit several times in 1940 and in 1944, much of the roof of the east end of the main building being burnt and some of the collections there being destroyed. Fortunately, nothing of great scientific importance was lost, though the nesting groups of British birds, introduced during the Directorship of Sir William Flower, were all damaged beyond repair. These cases were of historical importance because they were the first in any museum in the world to show stuffed animals in an accurate reproduction of the actual environment in which they had lived. From them the whole of the modern technique of life groups in museums arose; they were the stimulus to the American developments in Chicago and New York which have since spread all over the world.

During this period Forster-Cooper still had in mind his plans for the re­arrangement of the museum, and especially the setting up of an exhibition staff, under the control of the Director, which could arrange exhibition cases in the Central Hall and elsewhere, and advise the keepers on the development of the galleries under their control.

When the war ended, the museum was in very bad condition. The more important parts of the collections were packed away, largely in Tring, a very large number of cases were so damaged as to be unusable, most of the windows of the front of the museum had been blown in and were temporarily blocked, much of the roof was destroyed and little of it was waterproof. Only a skeleton staff remained, many of the scientific men had been seconded to other govern­ment departments or were in the Services, and the staff of other grades was

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Clive Forster-C 89deprived of all its younger members. Transport of every kind was most difficult to get and the museum had a very low priority for repair of buildings and furniture. Thus, little could be done to carry into effect the plans for reorganiza­tion which Forster-Cooper had envisaged.

At the end of the war in Europe, Forster-Cooper was sixty-five years old and obviously an ill man; nevertheless, he still hoped to see the museum re­established and reorganized. His appointment was continued but he died on 23 August 1947.

Between the ages of nineteen and thirty-one Forster-Cooper spent three years at sea in the Indian Ocean and the North Sea studying marine life, one year preparing for Part II of the Tripos, one year learning vertebrate palaeonto­logy in New York, and nearly two years collecting fossil mammals in Egypt, Wyoming and Baluchistan, invaluable experience but a great hindrance to the writing of scientific papers. From the age of thirty-four to thirty-eight he was working as a member of a team on malaria, a subject very remote from his own interests, and from then onwards he was very fully engaged in administration of all kinds and in teaching. Thus the amount of his published work is small.

His first publication was a small systematic account of the Cephalochorda collected in the Maidive Islands; this was followed by two systematic works on the Antipatharia of the India Ocean, and one, with R. C. Punnet, on the nemertians of that region, whilst with J. S. Gardiner he wrote an account of the Sladen ( Sealark) Expedition.

His first palaeontological work was an account of the known material of Microchoems erinaceus, an English Upper Eocene animal which he showed to be a Lemur close to the French Necrolemur. This was the first of a series of short accounts of other English Eocene and Oligocene mammals of importance because they were the first revision of these faunas since the work of R. Lydekker. The series ended with a full description of the English remains of Hyracotherium which for the first time showed conclusively that that genus was the same as the American Eohippus, the first animal known in the history of the true horses. The establishment of this identity, now universally accepted, is important in all discussions about the distribution of land masses in the Lower Eocene and the general history of mammals.

The materials collected in Baluchistan were described in a series of papers. The most important of these are the descriptions of Baluchitherium. This animal was represented by a series of huge bones of the neck and fore and hind legs, which differed much from all comparable materials. They are, of course, much modified for weight carrying, but the cervical vertebrae belong, as Forster- Cooper showed, to a long flexible neck analogous to that of a horse. That the animal was a Perissodactyl was obvious from the astragalus, but the combination of a long neck with great size produces so many curious results on the structure that Forster-Cooper’s recognition that the animal is an aberrant rhinoceros was a remarkable piece of insight.

Baluchitherium has subsequently been found in Turgai, North Turkistan,

and in the Gobi desert of Mongolia. The fragmentary skeleton of the former has been mounted in Moscow, whilst the Chinese animal is represented by a life-size restoration in New York. It is the largest land mammal known and as such is of interest for it shows all those changes in structure associated with the carriage of very great weight superimposed on those common to Perisso- dactyls in general.

Forster-Cooper found with Baluchitherium a series of remains of rhinoceroses; one, which he called Paraceratherium, has real resemblances to the skull of the Mongolian Baluchitherium and may be founded on smaller individuals of that genus, whilst the remainder, very varied in type, formed the subjects of a paper in which Forster-Cooper critically discussed the possibility of determining the systematic position of a rhinoceros from fragmentary remains. This paper is important as a warning of the limits of reliability of palaeontological investiga­tions, very necessary when so much has been written on small fragments of fossil mammals, even on isolated teeth.

The most abundant animals at Dera Bugti are Anthracotheres, pig-like creatures presumably inhabiting a wooded area. They present an immense range of size, from that of a small sheep to that of a hippopotamus, within a small range of structure. Thus they are extremely difficult to handle systemati­cally. Forster-Cooper split up his collection from Bugti into a large number of genera and species, deliberately looking for differences in the dentition and giving them specific values. But he was uncertain how far these species had ever actually existed.

Forster-Cooper described the few carnivors and Chalicotheres from Baluchistan and gave a detailed account of the very important remains of mastodonts he had found there. These were represented by relatively good materials, palates and complete dentitions in excellent preservation. They were referred to the old Cuvierian species M. augustideus known from the Middle Miocene rocks of South France, but Forster-Cooper very clearly pointed out the many differ­ences between the Asian and European forms. His Bugti jaws were smaller than the French, the tooth crowns were less complicated and lower crowned, and more of them were in use at the same time. He recognized that his animal was at a more primitive stage of evolution than the Mid-Miocene forms, that indeed it made a closer approach to ‘Palaeomastodon’ its Oligocene forerunner. He had already concluded that the Dera Bugti fauna was Lower Miocene, so that the structure of the mastodon conformed to expectation.

H. F. Osborn has since applied Forster-Cooper’s name to these specimens, calling them Trilophodon cooperi. The species is an important one, similar to some of the materials from the beds on Rusinga Island in Victoria Nyanza which have yielded so many fossil apes, and it forms an important stage in the history of proboscidian evolution.

Somewhat later Forster-Cooper gave a very well illustrated account of the remains of Elephas antiquus from Barrington, Cambridgeshire. This is important as a contribution to the future analysis of the British Pleistocene elephants which is still much needed.

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Clive Forster-Cooper 91Finally he described the great and remarkable skeleton of Elephas antiquus

from Upnor, Kent, collected and mounted by Dr C. W. Andrews, completing a manuscript left unfinished at his death.

In 1928 Forster-Cooper, intrigued by the remarkable ear ossicles of the Natal golden mole, Chrysochloris treveliani, investigated the condition of the ear in a large number of species of that genus. He showed that whilst many had perfectly normal ossicles, in others the malleus was enlarged, its upper end being swollen out ultimately into an almost spherical mass of very dense bone lying in a special epi-tympanic chamber which it nearly fills. He gives a detailed, magnificently illustrated, account of the whole matter, pointing out that the appearance of the abnormal condition must have been fairly recent, that it is presumably of some functional significance, but that nothing in our very meagre knowledge of the life of these moles sheds any light on the matter.

At some time in the early thirties Forster-Cooper, retaining his old love of collecting, reopened the famous quarry of Achanarras in the Middle Old Red Sandstone of Caithness and for some years during the summer vacations he and his family worked there making a great collection of fossil fish. These he prepared in Cambridge, largely by etching with hydrofluoric acid. On the material so obtained he wrote two papers, one on the varieties of scaling of the tail of Pterichthys, the other an important monograph on , an earlyDipnoan. In this last he introduced a new, completely neutral, nomenclature of the dermal bones of the skull roof which is now universally adopted, and gave an admirable account of the structure of the animal.

Forster-Cooper’s published work was thus relatively small in amount, but it is valuable for it deals with rare and interesting material and handles it in such a way as to afford a critique of much palaeontological work.

He married in 1912, Rosalie, daughter of R. Tunstall Smith, M.D., of Baltimore, a granddaughter of General Snowden Andrews of the Confederate States Army, and great-granddaughter of General Timothy Patrick Andrews, paymaster-in-chief of the United States Army, and had two sons and one daughter, who, with Lady Forster-Cooper, survive him.

Forster-Cooper was knighted in 1946, and was a foreign member of the New York Academy of Sciences and of the American Museum. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1936.

Forster-Cooper was a man of wide interests. He had a love for pictures, prints and drawings, and enjoyed civilized life; pleasant surroundings, good food and wine appealed to his natural good taste. But he was equally at home in small ships at sea under the roughest conditions, and the memories of his collecting expeditions were always with him.

He was by nature a little shy and retiring, but he could establish the most friendly relations with any one with whom he worked, and these friendships lasted all his life.

He was conscientious. The many administrative activities into which he entered deliberately as a matter of public duty took up so much of his time that his scientific work was smaller in amount than it should have been. But these

efforts have had permanent effects, and in total they represent a great contri­bution to the public good.

The facts in this notice are drawn largely from the autobiographical note in the Society’s library. An account of the expeditions in the Indian Ocean will be found in Forster-Cooper’s obituary notice of J. Stanley Gardiner (Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 5, 541).

For the rest it is based on a friendship which lasted for nearly forty years.D. M. S. Watson

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1903. Fauna and geography of the Maidive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Cambridge Univ.Pres. (Articles on Cephalochorda, Antipatharia and Nemertinea.)

1907. (With J. S. Gardiner.) The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Description of the expedition. Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zoo.), 12, 1-55. Part II. Mauritius to Seychelles. Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zoo.), 12, 111-175.

1910. Microchoerus erinaceus, Wood. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 6, 39-43.1911. Paraceratherium bugtiense, a new genus of Rhinocerotidae from the Bugti Hills of

Baluchistan. Preliminary notice. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 8, 711-716. 1913. Thaumastotherium osborni, a new genus of Perissodactyles from the Upper

Oligocene deposits of the Bugti Hills of Baluchistan. Preliminary notice. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 12, 367-381.

1913. New Anthracotheres and allied forms from Baluchistan. Preliminary notice. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 12, 514-522.

1915. New genera and species of mammals from the Miocene deposits of Baluchistan.Preliminary notice. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 16, 404-410.

1920. Chalicotheriodea from Baluchistan. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 357-366.1922. Metamynodon bugtiensis, sp. n., from the Dera Bugti deposits of Baluchistan.

Preliminary notice. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 9, 617.1922. Miocene Proboscidia from Baluchistan. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 609-626.1922. Macrotherium salmum, sp. n., a new Chalicothere from India. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 9, 10, 542.1922. A case of secondary adaptation in a tortoise. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 10,

155-157.1923. Note on a lower jaw of an African Elephant. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, 12,

263-264.1923. Carnivora from the Dera Bugti deposits of Baluchistan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 9, 12, 259.1923. Baluchitherium osborni (? syn. Indricotherium turgaicum, Borrissyak). Phil. Trans.

B,212, 35-66.1924. On the skull and dentition of Paraceratherium a genus of aberrant

rhinoceroses, from the Lower Miocene deposits of Dera Bugti. Phil. Trans. B, 212, 369-394.

1924. The Anthracotheriidae of the Dera Bugti deposits in Baluchistan. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Palaeontol. Indica, n.s. Mem. no. 2, 8, 1-59.

1924. On remains of extinct Proboscidea in the Museums of Geology and Zoology inthe University of Cambridge. I. Elephas antiquus. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. (Biol. Soc.), 1, no. 2, 108-120.

1925. Notes on the species of Ancodon from the Hempstead Beds. Ann. Mag. Nat.Hist. ser. 9, 16, 113-138.

1926. Brachyodus woodi, a new species from the Hempstead Beds. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.ser. 9, 17, 337.

Clive Forster-Cooper 931928. On the ear region of certain of the Chrysochloridae. Phil. Trans. B, 216, 265-283. 1928. Pseudamphimeryx hantonensis. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 10, 2, 49-55.1928. (With C. W. Andrews.) On a specimen of Elephas antiquus from Upnor. B.M.N.H.

monograph.1932. The genus Hyracotherium. A revision and description of new specimens found in

England. Phil. Trans. B, 221, 431-448.1932. Mammalian remains from the Lower Eocene of the London Clay. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 10, 9, 458-467.1934. The extinct rhinoceroses of Baluchistan. Phil. Trans. 223, 569-616.1934. A note on the body scaling of Pterichthyodes. Palaeohiol. 6, 25-29.1937. The Middle Devonian fish fauna of Achanarras. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 59,

pt. 1, no. 7, 223-239.