Class StarterClass Starter
Please list the first five words or phrases that come to your mind when you hear the word : CHEMISTRY
Please list the first five words or phrases that come to your mind when you hear the word : CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1“Introduction to
Chemistry”
Chapter 1“Introduction to
Chemistry”
Section 1.1ChemistrySection 1.1Chemistry
OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to describe the
purpose of studying chemistry.
OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to describe the
purpose of studying chemistry.
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of “matter” – Matter is anything with mass and
occupies space What qualifies as matter?
What does not qualify as matter?
5 Major Areas of ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry- concerned with the
composition of substances.Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with
substances without carbonOrganic Chemistry- essentially all
substances containing carbonBiochemistry- Chemistry of living thingsPhysical Chemistry- describes the behavior
of chemicals (ex. stretching); involves lots of math!
Boundaries not firm – they overlap and interact
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What is Chemistry? Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for
the sake of knowledge Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry
to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and
manufacturing – leads to an application
Why Study Chemistry?
Everyone and everything around us involves chemistry – explains our world
Helps you make choices; helps make you a better informed citizen
A possible career for your future
Section 1.3Scientific Method
Section 1.3Scientific Method
OBJECTIVE:Students will be able to derive
the steps of the scientific method from their knowledge of science.
OBJECTIVE:Students will be able to derive
the steps of the scientific method from their knowledge of science.
The Scientific Method
A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions.
Starts with observation- noting and recording information and facts
hypothesis- a proposed explanation for the observation; must be tested by an experiment
Steps in the Scientific Method1. Observations (uses your senses)
a) quantitative involves numbers = 95oFb) qualitative is word description = hot
2. Formulating hypotheses (ideas)- possible explanation for the observation, or “educated” guess
3. Performing experiments (the test)- gathers new information to help decide
whether the hypothesis is valid
Scientific Method “controlled” experiment- designed to
test the hypothesis only two possible answers:
1) hypothesis is right
2) hypothesis is wrong We gather data and observations
by doing the experiment Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle
Scientific Method
We deal with variables, or factors that can change. Two types:1) Manipulated variable (or independent
variable) is the one that we change
2) Responding variable (or dependent variable) is the one observed during the experiment
For results to be accepted, the experiment needs to always produce the same result
Outcomes over the long term…
Outcomes over the long term…
Theory (Model)
- A set of well-tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon – not able to be proved
Natural Law (or Scientific Law)
- The same observation applies to many different systems; summarizes results
- an example would be:
the Law of Conservation of Mass
Theory (Model)
- A set of well-tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon – not able to be proved
Natural Law (or Scientific Law)
- The same observation applies to many different systems; summarizes results
- an example would be:
the Law of Conservation of Mass
Law vs. Theory
A law summarizes what has happened.A theory (model) is an attempt to explain why it happened – this changes as new information is gathered.
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Using your senses to obtain information
Hypothesis is a proposed explanation; should be based on previous knowledge; an “educated” guess
The procedure that is used to test the hypothesis
A well-tested explanation for the observations; cannot be proven due to new discoveries
Tells what happened
Section 1.4Problem Solving in Chemistry
Section 1.4Problem Solving in Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:Students will be able to
determine the appropriate problem solving technique for every type of problem.
OBJECTIVES:Students will be able to
determine the appropriate problem solving technique for every type of problem.
Problem Solving in ChemistryYou don’t need to write any of this. These are just points for
discussion.
Problem Solving in ChemistryYou don’t need to write any of this. These are just points for
discussion. In Chemistry we are faced with
problems we need to solve like in life How should we approach problems? There is a problem solving method
that needs to be learned.
In Chemistry we are faced with problems we need to solve like in life
How should we approach problems? There is a problem solving method
that needs to be learned.
Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems Measurements are an important part
of chemistry; thus many of our word problems involve use of mathematics Word problems are real life problems,
and sometimes more information is presented than needed for a solution
Measurements are an important part of chemistry; thus many of our word problems involve use of mathematics Word problems are real life problems,
and sometimes more information is presented than needed for a solution
Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems The three steps we will use for
solving a numeric word problem are:
1) Analyze
2) Calculate
3) Evaluate
The three steps we will use for solving a numeric word problem are:
1) Analyze
2) Calculate
3) Evaluate
Let’s learn how
to ACE these numeric word problems!
Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems1. Analyze: this is the starting point
Determine what are the known factors, and write them down on your paper!
Determine what is the unknown. If it is a number, determine the units needed
Plan how to relate these factors- choose an equation; use table or graph
This is the heart of successful problem solving techniques – it is the PLAN
1. Analyze: this is the starting point Determine what are the known factors, and
write them down on your paper! Determine what is the unknown. If it is a
number, determine the units needed Plan how to relate these factors- choose an
equation; use table or graph This is the heart of successful problem
solving techniques – it is the PLAN
Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems2. Calculate: perform the mathematics
If your plan is correct, this is the easiest step.
Use a calculator and do it correctly! May involve rearranging an equation or
doing some conversion of units to some other units.
2. Calculate: perform the mathematics If your plan is correct, this is the
easiest step. Use a calculator and do it correctly! May involve rearranging an equation or
doing some conversion of units to some other units.
Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems3. Evaluate: – the finishing step
Is it reasonable? Make sense? Check your calculations.
Do you need to round off the answer? Do you need scientific notation? Do you have the correct units? Did you answer the question?
3. Evaluate: – the finishing step Is it reasonable? Make sense? Check your
calculations. Do you need to round off the answer? Do you need scientific notation? Do you have the correct units? Did you answer the question?
Solving Conceptual ProblemsSolving Conceptual Problems Not all word problems in chemistry
involve doing calculations Nonnumeric problems are called
conceptual problems – ask you to apply concepts to a new situation
Steps are:1) Analyze and 2) Solve
Do Conceptual Problem 2.1 on page 46
Not all word problems in chemistry involve doing calculations
Nonnumeric problems are called conceptual problems – ask you to apply concepts to a new situation
Steps are:1) Analyze and 2) Solve
Do Conceptual Problem 2.1 on page 46