Civil Rights Movement
June 2015
Overview Key Concepts
Origins/Segregation
School Desegregation
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sit-Ins
Freedom Riders
Desegregating Southern Universities
March on Washington
Voter Registration
The End of the Movement
OriginsFor African Americans, the path from slavery to full civil rights was long and difficult. Several developments during the 1950s and 1960s legally guaranteed full citizenship:
Civil Rights for
African Americans
Development:
ProtestsSit Ins
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Development:Johnson
Presidency
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Development:
Warren Court
Brown v. Board of Education
Segregation Civil Rights movement was a political, legal, and
social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African Americans Challenged segregation
Movement challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities: Protest marches
Boycotts
Refusal to abide by segregation laws
Segregation
Jim Crow Laws Followed Reconstruction
Disenfranchisement Denial of voting rights
Between 1890 – 1910 all Southern States passed laws imposing requirements for voting 15th Amendment
Poll Tax
Literacy Test
Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Separate but equal”
Niagara Movement (1905) W.E.B. Du Bois
NAACP (1909) National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People
National Urban League (1910) Help transition to urban life
CORE (1942) Congress of Racial Equality
School Desegregation
Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Overturned many forms of discrimination
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Warren Court
Racially segregated was unconstitutional
Many opposition to desegregation
Little Rock Nine
Schools were desegregated only in theory Racially segregated neighborhoods segregated schools
Busing in the 1970s Boston Busing