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CIVIL AVIATION AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 2011

1. INTRODUCTION

The information contained in the publication is 62nd

in the series. "Notifiable accidents", which

took place in India during the year 2011, have been listed in a classified chronological order along

with the summary and the cause of the accidents.

There have been Eleven accidents during the year. Four accidents have been investigated by

Inspector of Accidents, and remaining seven by Committee of Inquiry. Six of the accidents proved

fatal wherein forty three persons died including twelve crew members, twenty eight passengers

and three other.

Incidents such as precautionary landings, forced landings, aborted takeoff, air misses, bird strikes

etc. are not listed in this publication, although all these have been investigated.

The recommendations emanating from all such investigations of accidents and incidents are being

implemented for enhancing the level of air safety. Statistical data of accidents and fatalities in

respect of airlines operations including flying clubs and aerial operations is given in table 1 to 13.

NOTE: All timings given in this publication are in IST (Indian Standard Time).

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2. DEFINITIONS

i) Accident

―accident‖ shall mean an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which,

(i) in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the

aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have

disembarked; or

(ii) in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to

move with the purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end of the

flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which

a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of

(i) being in the aircraft, or

(ii) direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become

detached from the aircraft, or

(iii) direct exposure to jetblast,

except when the injuries are from natural causes, self‐inflicted or inflicted by other

persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally

available to the passengers and crew; or

b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which-

(i) adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the

aircraft, and

(ii) would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component,

except for failure of engine or damage, when the damage is limited to a single

engine,(including its cowlings or accessories),to propellers, wingtips, antennas,

probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens,

the aircraft skin (such as small dents or puncture holes), or for minor damages to

main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird

strike(including holes in the radome);or

c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

Note 1.— For the purposes of this clause, the guidance for the determination of aircraft

damage is at Scheduled B.

Note2.—For the purposes of this clause, only unmanned aircraft which have design or

operational approval given by a State to be considered.

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ii) Serious Injury:

―serious injury‖ means an injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which

(i) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days

from the date the injury was received; or

(ii) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose);or

(iii) involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon

damage; or

(iv) involves injury to any internal organ; or

(v) involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent

of the body surface; or

(vi) involvesverifiedexposuretoinfectioussubstancesorinjuriousradiation;

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3. INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS

(Aircraft Rules, 1937)

Rule 71 - Inspector's Investigation:

The Director General may order the investigation of any accident involving an aircraft whether

such accident is required to be notified under Rule 68 or not, and may, by general or special order,

appoint any person (hereinafter referred to as an "Inspector of Accidents") for the purpose of

carrying out such investigation.

Rule 74 - Committee of Inquiry:

The Central Government may, at its discretion, appoint a committee of Inquiry composed of two

or more persons to hold an inquiry into an accident in which an aircraft is involved, and such a

committee shall have the same powers as an Inspector of Accidents.

Rule 75 - Formal Investigations:

Where it appears to the Central Government that it is expedient to hold a formal investigation of an

accident it may, whether or not an investigation or an inquiry has been made under Rule 71 or 74,

by order direct a formal investigation to be held.

The Central Government shall appoint a competent person (referred as Court), to hold the

investigation, and may appoint one or more persons possessing legal, aeronautical engineering or

other special knowledge to act as accessory to the Court.

The Court shall hold the investigation in open Court in such manner and such conditions as the

Court may think fit for ascertaining the causes and circumstances of the accident and for enabling

it to make the report hereinafter mentioned:

Provided that where the Court is of opinion that holding the investigation is likely

a) To be prejudicial to the interests of any country; or

b) To jeopardize the personal safety of a person who is willing to make any statement or give

evidence, the Court may hold in camera, the whole or part of the investigation.

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4. TYPES OF FLYING

i) Airline Operation:

The operation include all scheduled, non-scheduled and non-revenue flying by Air India, Air India

Express, Alliance Air, Jet Airways, Jetlite, Kingfisher, Go Air, Spicejet, Paramount and Indigo.

ii) Non-Scheduled Operations:

The operation includes all non-scheduled ferry; non-revenue, charter and test flying by other operators

holding non-scheduled operators permit and engaged primarily in such operations.

iii) Flying Training Organizations:

Includes all flights for the purpose of initial issue of a flying licence, for conversion and practice flying

or qualifying for renewal / endorsement of pilots license and test and ferry flying by organization

engaged primarily in flying training.

iv) Aerial Work:

Aerial work‖ means any aircraft operation undertaken for an industrial or commercial purpose or any

other remunerative purpose, but does not include operation of an air transport service.

v) Private and Business:

Includes private, pleasure and business flying and practice flying when the flying is not directly

connected with the purposes of obtaining a higher license qualifications.

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SCHEDULED OPERATION-01

01. Aircraft Type A320

Registration A9C-AG

02. Date and Time 29th

August 2011, 0354 IST

03. Location Cochin

04. Persons on Board Crew 02

Passengers 138

05. Injury Index Fatal Serious Minor/None

Crew NIL NIL NIL

Passenger NIL NIL 07

Others NIL NIL NIL

06. Damage to Aircraft Substantial Damage

07. Pilot-in-

Command

License Bahrain State License

Age 35

Total Hrs 7000 Hours

SUMMARY

On 29.08.2011, M/s Gulf Air A320 aircraft A9C-AG scheduled to operate flight GFA 270 (BAH-COK)

was involved in runway excursion. During landing on runway 27 at Cochin, the aircraft landed right of

centerline near the edge of runway 27 and rolled off the runway paved surface and went on to the soft

ground. Aircraft covered a distance of 1235 meters from threshold before coming to a halt. All the

passengers evacuated safely and there were no injuries. There was no evidence of pre and post impact

fire.

The Probable cause of the accident:

The runway excursion was caused due to an error of judgment of PIC during landing which was due to

loss of situational awareness during reduced visibility conditions.

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NON-SCHEDULED OPERATION-01

01. Aircraft Type MI-172 Helicopter

Registration VT – PHF


April 2011; 1352IST Approx

03. Location Tawang Civil Heliport


Passengers 19


Crew 02 01 01

Passenger 17 02 NIL

Others NIL NIL NIL

06. Damage to Aircraft Destroyed

07. Pilot-in-

Command

License Rule 160

Age 60 years

Total Hrs 4800 hours

SUMMARY

On 19.04.2011 M/s PHHL MI-172 helicopter was operating flight from Guwahati to Tawang. During

final approach at Tawang, the co-pilot cautioned the pilot to check the height. About 1-2 seconds prior

to accident the last transmission was ―clear up, clear up‖. There after the left undercarriage of the

helicopter impacted on the edge of the table top helipad with slight left bank and low speed.

Subsequently the helicopter rolled over to left and the rotors hit the beginning of the helipad and broke

off. Within seconds, the helicopter was engulfed in a thick black smoke and caught fire.

Probable cause of the accident:

The accident was caused because the helicopter undershot the helipad by about 27 meters and sunk

below the height of the helipad by about a meter. The forward movement and the slow rate of descent

caused the left oleo leg to shear off. This gave a slight left bank to the helicopter. The slight bank and

the increase in the rotor thrust increased the angular momentum of the helicopter to such an extent that

the bank increased from 5° to 85° in one second. The main rotors hit the beginning of the helipad

causing the rotors to break. There being a steep slope adjacent to the helipad, the helicopter slid on this

slope and almost turned over on its back after the accident. Subsequently the helicopter caught fire and

was totally destroyed.

Contributory Factors to the Accident:

1. Inadequate use of Met resources had contributed to the accident. Aircrew had disregarded the

local QNH and temperature given by Tawang Control.

2. The AUW was above the stipulated limit given in the Flight Manual for Category ‗A‘ operation.

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01. Aircraft Type Ecureuil AS 350 B3

Registration VT – PHT


April 2011; 1030IST

03. Location Near Lubuthang, Arunachal

Pradesh


Passengers 03


Crew 02 NIL NIL

Passenger 03 NIL NIL

Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CHPL

Age 43 years


SUMMARY

On 30.04.2011 M/s PHHL Ecureuil AS 350 B3 helicopter was engaged to operate flight from Tawang to

Itanagar. The Hon‘ble Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh was onboard the helicopter. At he time of

departure the weather at Sela Pass was not clear and covered with considerable amount of clouds. The

helicopter did not reached Itanagar even after expected time of arrival. Search and rescue operation

started but hampered due to inclement weather. The crash site was located after 05 days of accident.

The helicopter was found completely damaged due to the impact with the mountain and subsequent fire.

The Probable cause of the accident

The probable cause of the accident is inadvertent controlled flight into terrain in inclement weather.

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01. Aircraft Type Cessna Caravan 208B

Registration VT – NES


May 2011; 1045IST

03. Location Lengpui Airport.


Passengers 09


Crew NIL NIL 01

Passenger NIL NIL 09

Others NIL NIL NIL

06. Damage to Aircraft Substantial

07. Pilot-in-

Command

License FATA

Age 22

Total Hrs 1983

SUMMARY

On 04.05.2011 M/s North East Shuttles Cessna Caravan 208B aircraft was engaged in flight operating

sector Imphal – Lengpui. The weather conditions at Legpui were marginal but within permitted minima.

During final approach on runway 17 the aircraft was higher in speed and landed well past the landing

threshold. The pilot was not able to stop the aircraft within left over length of runway and fell in a ravine

approximately 60 feet deep at the end of runway breaking two Localizer antennas. While plunging in the

ravine the right wing strut hit a tree which changed the direction of the aircraft and saved the aircraft

from consequential damage and injuries to passengers and crew. The pilot shut down the engines and

thereafter assisted the rescue team in passenger evacuation.


The cause of the accident was inadequate skill level of the pilot to execute a safe landing during

marginal weather condition.

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01. Aircraft Type Chetak Helicopter

Registration VT –EQL


May 2011; 1515 IST

03. Location Fatehpur Village, Rajasthan


Passengers 02


Crew 02 NIL NIL


Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CHPL

Age 49


SUMMARY

On 13.05.2011 M/s BSF, Chetak helicopter was operating flight Gandhinagar- Mandore. The enroute

flight was uneventful from Gandhinagar till the time it was in contact with Ahmedabad ATC. While it

was flying through Aravali hills range near Mt. Abu, it developed serious defect in the Main Rotor

System which causes the helicopter to make sudden right turn and thereafter the helicopter impacted the

ground with high force. After impact helicopter caught fire and all the four persons on board the

helicopter died in the accident.

Probable cause of Accident:

1. The accident occurred due to loss of control resulting from probable failure of Hydraulic Drag

Dampers in flight which imposed excessive loads on the Blade Spacing System resulting in the

failure of bolts/links. The severed spacing cable impacted and broke the pitch control rods,

leading to loss of control of Helicopter.

2. Lack of oversight of Maintenance Activities of the AMOs was the contributory factor.

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01. Aircraft Type Pilatus PC-12/45

Registration VT –ACF


May 2011, 2243 IST

03. Location Parvatia Colony Faridabad


Passengers 05


Crew 02 NIL NIL


Others 03 NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CPL

Age 29 Years


SUMMARY

On 25.05.2011, M/s Air Charters Services Pilatus PC-12/45 aircraft VT-ACF was operating an air

ambulance services from Patna to New Delhi. There were 07 persons onboard the aircraft including 2

crew, 2 doctors, 1 nurse and 2 passengers. While returning back from Patna, weather at Delhi airspace

started deteriorating. Wide spread thunderstorm activity was seen North-Northeast of Delhi Airport.

About 10 minutes prior to landing at Delhi the aircraft lost height rapidly. Delhi Approach radar lost the

aircraft on radar. Subsequently after some time an information of aircraft crashed on one of the house

was received by Delhi ATC. Due to impact and post impact fire the aircraft was completly destroyed

and all seven persons on board the aircraft and three residents of the house on which it was crashed died

in the accident.


The probable cause of the accident was attributed to departure of the aircraft from controlled flight due

to an external weather related phenomenon, mishandling of controls, spatial disorientation or a

combination of the three.

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01. Aircraft Type Bell 407

Registration VT –SWA


June 2011, 1424 IST

03. Location Ladpur, Dehradun


Passengers 01


Crew NIL 01 NIL

Passenger NIL 01 NIL

Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CHPL

Age 58 Years

Total Hrs 6577Hours

SUMMARY

On 19.06.2011, M/s Swajas Air Charters Ltd Bell 407 helicopter VT-SWA was scheduled to operate

flight Sehestradhara Helipad- Ananda Resort- Phata- Badri- Dehradun- Sehestradhara Helipad.

Helicopter landed at Jolly Grant Airport after completing the Char Dham Yatra. Helicopter again took

off from Jolly Grant Airport to Sehestradhara Helipad which is 12Nm. Helicopter was in positive

contact with ATC Dehradun and reported 4.5 miles out. During the flight the helicopter experienced

power loss and thereafter crashed in Sunderwala Jungles. Thereafter ATC tower gave three calls to

helicopter but there was no reply. Later ATC received the information of helicopter accident at Ladpur,

Sunderwala Jungles. Both the person on board the helicopter received injuries and were shifted to

hospital. There was no pre and post inpact fire.


Power loss due to failure of 2nd

stage turbine disc of engine resulted in accident.

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01. Aircraft Type Cessna 550

Registration VT-CLC

02. Date and Time 14h October 2011, 1800 IST

03. Location Surat Airport


Passengers 02


Crew NIL NIL NIL

Passenger NIL NIL NIL

Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License ATPL

Age 63


SUMMARY

On 14.10.2011 M/s AR Airways Cessna 550 aircraft was involved in an accident during proficiency

check flight of co-pilot at Surat airport. Immediately after landing on runway the aircraft viciously

started going towards right. The pilot of the aircraft took over the controls and tried to control the

aircraft from going to the right. However the pilot could not control the aircraft and aircraft left the

runway and went over the adjacent uneven grassy area before coming to final halt position. There was

no injury to any of the occupants on board the aircraft.


During landing roll, RH main wheel got locked up due to broken brake stator disc which resulted into

drifting of the aircraft and runway excursion.

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01. Aircraft Type Dhruv Helicopter

Registration VT-BSH

02. Date and Time 19h October 2011, 0845 IST

03. Location Kunti Village near Ranchi


Passengers 01


Crew 02 NIL NIL


Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License Rule 160

Age 57

Total Hrs 5925Hours

SUMMARY

On 19.10.2011, M/s BSF Dhruv helicopter VT-BSH was operating flight from Ranchi aerodrome to

Chaibasa. Crew informed ATC to flight operate under special VFR as reported visibility at the

aerodrome was 1.5Km. Six minutes after takeoff at distance 10NM from Ranchi helicopter executed a

turn to return back to base for precautionary landing due to ‗Tail Gear Box hot warning‘. The enroute

weather was marginal and during turn flight inadvertently entered into the clouds and crashed over the

hilly tarrain. Helicopter was destroyed due to impact and post impact fire killing all three occupants

including two crew members.


The cause of accident was loss of situational awareness wherein the crew got spatially disoriented

during a turn for returning to base while assessing the emergency warning. The helicopter went beyond

the flight envelope exceeding its structural limits and thereby leading to the failure of rotor system.

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FLYING TRAINING ORGANISATION-01

01. Aircraft Type Cessna 152

Registration VT –PSJ


July 2011, 1530 IST

03. Location Village Dhanipur, Aligarh, U.P


Passengers NIL


Crew 02 NIL NIL


Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CPL

Age 52


SUMMARY

On 29.07.2011, M/s Pioneer Flying Academy Cessna 152 aircraft VT-PSJ was engaged in a training

flight. The aircraft took-off from Dhanipur airstrip with Pilot Instructor In charge (PII) and trainee

student on board the aircraft. After takeoff and at around 200ft to 300ft, it transmitted that it is coming

back. Thereafter aircraft turned right and simultaneously lost height. The aircraft impacted bund of mud

approximately of 1 meter height in the paddy field. Aircraft crashed in a paddy field approximately 740

meters from edge of the runway29 of Aligarh Airfield.


Accident occurred due to sudden loss of power and height as crew encountered an abnormal situation

may be due to loosening of the propeller mounting.

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FLYING TRAINING ORGANISATION--02

01. Aircraft Type Zlin 242L

Registration VT –IGP


October 2011, 1511 IST

03. Location Jagatpura Abandoned airstrip


Passengers NIL


Crew NIL NIL 01


Others NIL NIL NIL


07. Pilot-in-

Command

License CPL

Age 19

Total Hrs 52 Hours

SUMMARY

On 11.10.2011, M/s IGRUA Zlin 242L aircraft VT-IGP was engaged in a training flight. The Chief

Flying Instructor authorized student pilot for solo general local flying. After approximately 33 minutes

of flying the student pilot reported al operations normal. Thereafter ATC once again contacted VT-IGP

to check for normal operations, however there was no response. Thereafter the information was received

telephonically by M/s IGRUA that, aircraft has crashed near Badhokar village and student pilot taken to

the hospital.


The accident occurred as the trainee student indulge in low flying over the abandoned airfield and hit the

high tension cables which were in his flight path.

The attention of the trainee student was distracted due to his indulgence in taking pictures while making

a low pass over the airfield is a contributory factor.

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TABLE- 1

CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS (POWRED AIRCRAFT) BY NATURE OF FLIGHT FOR THE YEAR 2011

Nature of

Flight

No. of

Accidents

No. of Fatal

Accidents

Crew Passengers Others Aircraft Damage

Killed Seriously

Injured

Killed Seriously

Injured

Killed Seriously

Injured

Destroyed Substantial Minor

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Airline

Operation

01 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL

Non

Scheduled

operation

08 05 10 02 28 03 03 NIL 05 03 NIL

Flying

Training

Organizati

on

02 01 02 00 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 02 NIL

Aerial

Work

NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

Private

and

Business

NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

total 11 06 12 02 28 03 03 NIL 05 06 NIL

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TABLE-2

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIR INDIA FOR THE YEAR 2011

Type of Operation Scheduled

Domestic/ International

Hours Flown (No.) 143256/171718

Passenger Carried (No.) 8285123/4826989

Kilometers flown (in thousand) 8279491/22104612

Passenger Kilometer flown (in thousand) 13300445/ 31976046

Total number of Accidents NIL

Number of Fatal Accidents NIL

Crew fatalities NIL

Passenger fatalities NIL

Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (Crew) NIL

Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (Passenger) NIL

Accident rate per 100 million Km flown NIL

Fatal accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL

Accident rate per 100,000 hours flown NIL

Fatal accident per 100,000 hours flown NIL

TABLE-3

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIR INDIA EXPRESS FOR THE

YEAR 2011



Hours Flown (No.) 5954/65545


Kilometers flown (in thousand) 198439/ 5589146

Passenger Kilometer flown (in thousand) 398967/ 7904235



Crew fatalities NIL








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TABLE-4

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF ALLIANCE AIR FOR YEAR 2011



Hours Flown (No.) 18326

Passenger Carried (No.) 460886

Kilometers flown (in thousand) 324161

Passenger Kilometer flown (in thousand) 455529



Crew fatalities NIL








TABLE-5

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF GO AIR FOR YEAR 2011









Crew fatalities NIL








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TABLE-6

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF INDIGO FOR YEAR 2011






Passenger Kilometer flown (in thousand) 15734741/698803



Crew fatalities NIL








TABLE-7

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF JET AIRWAYS FOR YEAR 2011



Hours Flown (No.) 220627/173806






Crew fatalities NIL








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TABLE-8

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF JETLITE FOR YEAR 2011









Crew fatalities NIL








TABLE-9

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF KINGFISHER FOR YEAR 2011









Crew fatalities NIL








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TABLE-10

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF SPICEJET FOR YEAR 2011









Crew fatalities NIL








TABLE-11

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIRLINES OPERATOR FOR YEAR

2011









Crew fatalities NIL








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TABLE-12

POWERED AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT BYCLASS OF PILOTS LICENSE (PIC) FOR THE

YEAR 2011

Class of License hold Total Accident Fatal Accident

SPL NIL NIL

PPL NIL NIL

CPL/CHPL 06 04

ATPL 01 NIL

Others 04 02

Total 11 06

TABLE-13

AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT BY PHASE OF OPEARTION FOR THE YAER 2011

Phase of Operation Total involvement Percentage of Total accidents

Static NIL 00%

Taxi NIL 00%

Take-off NIL 00%

In-flight 07 64%

Landing 04 36%