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RoutingProtocolRoutingProtocol

OpenShortestPathfirst(OSPF)OpenShortestPathfirst(OSPF)

EnhanceInteriorGatewayProtocol(EIGRP)EnhanceInteriorGatewayProtocol(EIGRP)

RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)

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IntroductionofCCNPIntroductionofCCNPIntroductionofIBGPandEBGPIntroductionofIBGPandEBGPFundamentalofBGPFundamentalofBGPCiscoDiscoveryProtocol(CDP)CiscoDiscoveryProtocol(CDP)OSPFNeighborStateInRoutingOSPFNeighborStateInRoutingOSPFMultiAreaConfigurationOSPFMultiAreaConfigurationDHCPConfigurationofCiscoRouterDHCPConfigurationofCiscoRouterEIGRPRedistributionPart1EIGRPRedistributionPart1

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BootingProcessofCiscoRouterBootingProcessofCiscoRouter

BootStrapprogramBootStrapprogram

When Power on the Router then First it will do POST (Power on Self Test ) . TheWhen Power on the Router then First it will do POST (Power on Self Test ) . ThePOST analyze Hardware Component of Router . It verify that all Router interfacePOST analyze Hardware Component of Router . It verify that all Router interfaceproperlyworkingornot.AfterthePOSTitwillbootitselfwithhelpofProgramwhichisproperlyworkingornot.AfterthePOSTitwillbootitselfwithhelpofProgramwhichisstoreinROM.storeinROM.

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OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)

OpenShortestpathFirst(OSPF)OpenShortestpathFirst(OSPF)isaLinkstateRoutingProtocol.ItisOpenisaLinkstateRoutingProtocol.ItisOpenstandardRoutingprotocolthatmeanscansupportanyVendorsunlikeEIGRP.OSPFusestandardRoutingprotocolthatmeanscansupportanyVendorsunlikeEIGRP.OSPFuseDijkstraalgorithmtofindtheShortestpathFirstinthenetwork.LinkstateprotocolupdateDijkstraalgorithmtofindtheShortestpathFirstinthenetwork.LinkstateprotocolupdateRoutingtablewhenchangeaccureintheRoutingtopologyandthenitcreateLinkstateRoutingtablewhenchangeaccureintheRoutingtopologyandthenitcreateLinkstateAdvertisement(LSA).OSPFsupportClasslessIPaddress.Advertisement(LSA).OSPFsupportClasslessIPaddress.

OSPFFeatureOSPFFeature

OSPFsupportClasslessOSPFsupportClasslessOSPFprovidefastconversioncomparisontoRIPOSPFprovidefastconversioncomparisontoRIPOSPFallowscalabilityOSPFallowscalabilityOSPFSupportVLSM/CIDROSPFSupportVLSM/CIDROSPFisaOpenstandardprotocolwhichsupportmultiplevendordeployment.OSPFisaOpenstandardprotocolwhichsupportmultiplevendordeployment.OSPFhasUnlimitedhopCount.OSPFhasUnlimitedhopCount.

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WhatisDefaultWhatisDefaultRoutingRouting

ConfigurationOfConfigurationOfRouter1Router1

Router>Router>Router>enRouter>enRouter#conftRouter#conftRouter#hostnameR1Router#hostnameR1R1(config)#R1(config)#ToConfigureIPaddressToConfigureIPaddressonRouter1interfacesonRouter1interfaces

R1(config)#ints0/0/0R1(config)#ints0/0/0R1(configif)#ipadd10.1.1.1R1(configif)#ipadd10.1.1.1255.0.0.0255.0.0.0R1(configif)#clockrate64000R1(configif)#clockrate64000R1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#intf0/0R1(configif)#intf0/0R1(configif)#ipadd172.16.1.1255.255.0.0R1(configif)#ipadd172.16.1.1255.255.0.0R1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#exitR1(configif)#exitEnableRIPprotocoltoRouter1EnableRIPprotocoltoRouter1



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DifferentbetweenPublicIPAddressandPrivetDifferentbetweenPublicIPAddressandPrivetIPaddressIPaddress

PublicIPaddressPublicIPaddressPublicIPaddressisaaddressthatcanbeaccessiblebyeveryoneovertheInternet.PublicIPaddressisaaddressthatcanbeaccessiblebyeveryoneovertheInternet.PublicIPaddressprovidebytheISP(InternetserviceProvider).ISPresponsibleforPublicIPaddressprovidebytheISP(InternetserviceProvider).ISPresponsiblefortheregisteringIPaddressrangtoprovidetheOrgnization.theregisteringIPaddressrangtoprovidetheOrgnization.

PrivetIPAddressPrivetIPAddressPrivetIPaddressassigntotheLocalAreanetworkwhichcanbeaccessibleonlywithinPrivetIPaddressassigntotheLocalAreanetworkwhichcanbeaccessibleonlywithintheLocalareanetwork.ItscanbeaccessbyoutsideofLocalareanetwork.theLocalareanetwork.ItscanbeaccessbyoutsideofLocalareanetwork.


RangofPrivetareanetworkRangofPrivetareanetwork

ClassA10.0.0.0ClassA10.0.0.0toto10.255.255.25510.255.255.255ClassB172.16.0.0ClassB172.16.0.0toto172.31.255.255172.31.255.255ClassC192.168.0.0ClassC192.168.0.0toto192.168.255.255192.168.255.255

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HowtoconfigureStaticRoutingprotocolinHowtoconfigureStaticRoutingprotocolinciscoRouterciscoRouter

StaticRoutingStaticRoutingInstaticroutingNetworkadministratorInstaticroutingNetworkadministratorManuallyassignIPaddresstoeachrouter.ManuallyassignIPaddresstoeachrouter.

SyntaxSyntax

Router(config)#iproute

ConfigurationofRouter1ConfigurationofRouter1

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BasicofTwoRouterLABBasicofTwoRouterLAB



++

ConfigurationofRouter1ConfigurationofRouter1

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HowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoswitchHowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoswitch

VLANisStandforVirtualLAN.Itmeansdevicelogicallydividedintodifferent2LAN.ItsVLANisStandforVirtualLAN.Itmeansdevicelogicallydividedintodifferent2LAN.Itsimprovesecurityandreliabilityofyournetwork.Switchcreatelogicalbroadcastdomaintoimprovesecurityandreliabilityofyournetwork.SwitchcreatelogicalbroadcastdomaintoeachVLAN.eachVLAN.

VLANCreationinSwitch1VLANCreationinSwitch1

switch1switch1>en>en

switch1#switch1#conftconft

switch2#vlandatabaseswitch2#vlandatabase

switch1(vlan)#switch1(vlan)#vlan10vlan10


VLAN10added:VLAN10added:

Name:VLAN0010Name:VLAN0010




switch1(vlan)#switch1(vlan)#exitexit

APPLYcompleted.APPLYcompleted.

Exiting....Exiting....

switch1#switch1#

AssignIPaddresstotheVLANAssignIPaddresstotheVLAN

switch1switch1>en>en


switch1(config)#switch1(config)#intvlan10intvlan10

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#noshutnoshut

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#exitexit





switch1(config)#switch1(config)#exitexit

AssignPorttotheVLANAssignPorttotheVLAN

switch1switch1#conft#conft

switch1(config)#switch1(config)#intf0/2intf0/2

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportaccessvlan10switchportaccessvlan10

switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#intf0/3intf0/3






switch1(configif)#intf0/5switch1(configif)#intf0/5



ShowVLANINFORMATIONShowVLANINFORMATION

switch1#switch1#shvlanshvlan

VLANNameStatusPortsVLANNameStatusPorts

1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,

Fa0/7Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/8

Fa0/9,Fa0/10,Fa0/9,Fa0/10,

Fa0/Fa0/12Fa0/Fa0/12

Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/13,Fa0/14,

Fa0/15,Fa0/16Fa0/15,Fa0/16

Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/17,Fa0/18,

Fa0/19,Fa0/20Fa0/19,Fa0/20

Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/21,Fa0/22,

Fa0/23,Fa0/24Fa0/23,Fa0/24

Gig1/1,Gig1/2Gig1/1,Gig1/2

10VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/310VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/3


VLANCreationinSwitch2VLANCreationinSwitch2switch2switch2>en>en


switch2#vlandatabaseswitch2#vlandatabase


VLAN10addedVLAN10added





switch2(vlan)#switch2(vlan)#exitexit

APPLYcompleted.APPLYcompleted.

Exiting....Exiting....

AssignIPaddresstotheVLANAssignIPaddresstotheVLAN

switch2>switch2>enen










AssignSwitchPorttoVLANAssignSwitchPorttoVLANswitch2#switch2#conftconft

switch2(config)#switch2(config)#intf0/2intf0/2













ShowVLANinformationinswitch2ShowVLANinformationinswitch2

switch2#switch2#shvlanshvlan

VLANNameStatusPortsVLANNameStatusPorts

1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,

Fa0/7Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/8

Fa0/9,Fa0/10,Fa0/9,Fa0/10,

Fa0/Fa0/12Fa0/Fa0/12

Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/13,Fa0/14,

Fa0/15,Fa0/16Fa0/15,Fa0/16

Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/17,Fa0/18,

Fa0/19,Fa0/20Fa0/19,Fa0/20

Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/21,Fa0/22,

Fa0/23,Fa0/24Fa0/23,Fa0/24

Gig1/1,Gig1/2Gig1/1,Gig1/2



InthisinformationportFa0/2andFa0/3aredefineforVLAN10,andPortFa0/4andInthisinformationportFa0/2andFa0/3aredefineforVLAN10,andPortFa0/4andFa0/5aredefineforVLAN20Fa0/5aredefineforVLAN20

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DifferencebetweenHubandSwitchDifferencebetweenHubandSwitch

HUBHUB

HUBisaleastexpansivedevice.HUBisaleastexpansivedevice.ItusedtoconnectsegmentofaLAN.ItusedtoconnectsegmentofaLAN.Whenframecometoaportthenhubtransmitthatframetoalloutgoingport.Whenframecometoaportthenhubtransmitthatframetoalloutgoingport.Itisahalfduplexdevice.Itisahalfduplexdevice.


ItisalayeronedeviceofItisalayeronedeviceofOSImodel.OSImodel.

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Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)Open shortest path first(OSPF)Open shortest path first(OSPF) is a link state routing protocol and open standardis a link state routing protocol and open standardprotocolmean to say that it canbeusedwith any vendor not likeEIGRP . it is interiorprotocolmean to say that it canbeusedwith any vendor not likeEIGRP . it is interiorgateway routing protocol used to distribute routing information with in an autonomousgateway routing protocol used to distribute routing information with in an autonomoussystem. InOSPF if changed occur in the network then router willmulticasts the routingsystem. InOSPF if changed occur in the network then router willmulticasts the routinginformation to all the nodes in the network . so that all nodes will be the same routinginformation to all the nodes in the network . so that all nodes will be the same routinginformation.information.

OSPFusesDijkstrausesalgorithmtofindthebestrouteinthenetworktoforwardpacketOSPFusesDijkstrausesalgorithmtofindthebestrouteinthenetworktoforwardpacketfromsourcetodestination.itisusesSPFtreeforroutecalculationtofindtheneighbor.fromsourcetodestination.itisusesSPFtreeforroutecalculationtofindtheneighbor.

OSPFProperties:OSPFProperties:

ItisclasslesssoitsupportVLSM/CIDR.ItisclasslesssoitsupportVLSM/CIDR.IthasunlimitedHopcount.IthasunlimitedHopcount.Itissupportmultiplevendor.Itissupportmultiplevendor.Minimizingroutingupdatetraffic.Minimizingroutingupdatetraffic.Allowscalability.Allowscalability.ItsA.Dvalue110.ItsA.Dvalue110.Itsupportequalcastloadbalancing.Itsupportequalcastloadbalancing.Itisalsosupportauthentication.Itisalsosupportauthentication.

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Enhanceinteriorgatewayprotocol(EIGRP)Enhanceinteriorgatewayprotocol(EIGRP)Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP)Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP) is a balance hybrid protocol and also is a balance hybrid protocol and alsocisco properties protocol it means this protocol only can support Cisco environment orcisco properties protocol it means this protocol only can support Cisco environment orCiscodevices . to find thebestpath ituses lowestmetric if theRouterhasmultiple linkCiscodevices . to find thebestpath ituses lowestmetric if theRouterhasmultiple linkthen the best path is selected on the basis of the lowest metric. it is include thethen the best path is selected on the basis of the lowest metric. it is include thesubnetmaskinitsroutingupdate.subnetmaskinitsroutingupdate.

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RoutingInformationprotocol(RIP)RoutingInformationprotocol(RIP)Routing information protocol (RIP)Routing information protocol (RIP) is a Distance vector protocol which used to find the is aDistance vector protocol which used to find thebest path based on the hope count in the network . RIP perform routing onlybest path based on the hope count in the network . RIP perform routing onlysingleautonomoussystembecause it isa interiorgatewayprotocol .Numberofhops insingleautonomoussystembecause it isa interiorgatewayprotocol .Numberofhops intheRIPislimitedthatwhyitpreventfromroutingloopingbecausenoofhopswillexceedtheRIPislimitedthatwhyitpreventfromroutingloopingbecausenoofhopswillexceed(means16hop) consideredas unreachable .RIPhasmaxnumber of hop15. Inwhich(means16hop) consideredas unreachable .RIPhasmaxnumber of hop15. Inwhichpathofremotenetworknumberofhopswillbelessthatpathconsideredasbestpathforpathofremotenetworknumberofhopswillbelessthatpathconsideredasbestpathforroutepackettothedestination.routepackettothedestination.

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whatisRoutingloopwhatisRoutingloopRouting loop is a common problemoccur in the network during forwarding packet fromRouting loop is a common problemoccur in the network during forwarding packet fromsourcetodestination.Routingloopisaconditioninwhichpacketiscontinuallymovinginsourcetodestination.Routingloopisaconditioninwhichpacketiscontinuallymovinginthecirclewithoutreachingdestination. itshappenduetomisscommunication, incorrectthecirclewithoutreachingdestination. itshappenduetomisscommunication, incorrectinformationupdateintheroutingtableanditcanbemissconfigurationofrouter.mostlyitsinformationupdateintheroutingtableanditcanbemissconfigurationofrouter.mostlyitshappeninthelargenetworkbecauseanylinkgoesdownandnotinformtosourcerouter.happeninthelargenetworkbecauseanylinkgoesdownandnotinformtosourcerouter.aboutthelinkgoesdown.aboutthelinkgoesdown.

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WhatisRoutingProtocolWhatisRoutingProtocolTherearethreeclassesofRoutingprotocolTherearethreeclassesofRoutingprotocol1Distancevector:1Distancevector:ThoseprotocolwhichisfindthebestpathtoaremotenetworkonThoseprotocolwhichisfindthebestpathtoaremotenetworkonthebasisofdistancevectorprotocolandthevectorindicatethedirection.Theroutethebasisofdistancevectorprotocolandthevectorindicatethedirection.TherouteRouteconsiderasabestRoutewhichiswithleastnumberofHope(Router).DistanceRouteconsiderasabestRoutewhichiswithleastnumberofHope(Router).DistancevectorRoutingprotocolsendallroutingtableinroutingupdatebutonlyneighborRouter.vectorRoutingprotocolsendallroutingtableinroutingupdatebutonlyneighborRouter.

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WhatisDynamicRoutingWhatisDynamicRoutingAtypeofRoutinginwhichprotocolareusedtofindbestandshortestpathforroutetheAtypeofRoutinginwhichprotocolareusedtofindbestandshortestpathforroutethedata for the destination and also used to find network and dynamically update Routingdata for the destination and also used to find network and dynamically update Routingtable.DynamicRoutingprotocolalsosupportapplicationsoftwarewhicharerunningonthetable.DynamicRoutingprotocolalsosupportapplicationsoftwarewhicharerunningontherouter.thereareseveralprotocolusinginthedynamicroutingwhichisknownasRoutingrouter.thereareseveralprotocolusinginthedynamicroutingwhichisknownasRouting




protocol.protocol.

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WhatisDefaultRoutingWhatisDefaultRoutingDefaultRoutingDefaultRoutingusedonly inastubnetwork whichhasonlyoneexit interface in thisusedonly inastubnetwork whichhasonlyoneexit interface in thistypeofRoutingadministratordosenothasknowledgeofthedestinationbutitmustknowtypeofRoutingadministratordosenothasknowledgeofthedestinationbutitmustknowthenexthopeaddress.itismainlyusedthattypeofroutingwhichhasslowerlink.Ithasthenexthopeaddress.itismainlyusedthattypeofroutingwhichhasslowerlink.Ithasverylesssecurity.verylesssecurity.

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whatisStaticRoutingwhatisStaticRoutingInStaticRoutingadministratorhasknowledgeabouttheirnetworksohemanuallydefineInStaticRoutingadministratorhasknowledgeabouttheirnetworksohemanuallydefinetherouteintheroutingtableforroutingpacketfromsourcetodestination.therouteintheroutingtableforroutingpacketfromsourcetodestination.

Advantageofstaticrouting:Advantageofstaticrouting:

ThereisnooverheadontheCPUofRoutersowecanusecheaprouterThereisnooverheadontheCPUofRoutersowecanusecheaprouterThisissecureroutingThisissecurerouting

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CCNPCCNPCiscocertifiednetworkprofessionals (CCNP) isasecond levelCiscocertifiednetworkprofessionals (CCNP) isasecond levelof CISCO certification exam which is offer by Cisco systemof CISCO certification exam which is offer by Cisco system.Requirement for CCNP exam should be passed of Cisco.Requirement for CCNP exam should be passed of Ciscocertifiednetworkassociates(CCNA)exam.CCNAcertificationcertifiednetworkassociates(CCNA)exam.CCNAcertificationisvalidfor3years ifwithin3yearCCNPcertificationwillnodoisvalidfor3years ifwithin3yearCCNPcertificationwillnodothen CCNA certification will be expire. Now days threethen CCNA certification will be expire. Now days threeCCNPspecializationofferedbyCISCO:CCNPspecializationofferedbyCISCO:CCNPcertification isconsideredproof thatcertifiedpersonwouldbeableforwork in theCCNPcertification isconsideredproof thatcertifiedpersonwouldbeableforwork in thenetworkinfrastructure.networkinfrastructure.Thereis3partofCCNPThereis3partofCCNP

RoutingRouting




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OSIModelOSIModelTheTheOSIModel(Opensysteminterconnectionmodel)OSIModel(Opensysteminterconnectionmodel)have7layereachlayerishave7layereachlayerisresponsiblefordatacommunicationinnetwork.Layerisasmallerpartofcommunicationresponsiblefordatacommunicationinnetwork.Layerisasmallerpartofcommunicationsystem.Thelayeraredividedintopartupperlayerandlowerlayer.Theupperlayersystem.Thelayeraredividedintopartupperlayerandlowerlayer.Theupperlayerresponsibleforuserapplicationhowfilearerepresentonthecomputerandlowerlayerresponsibleforuserapplicationhowfilearerepresentonthecomputerandlowerlayerresponsibleforhowtocommunicationbetweennetwork.Eachlayerreceiveservicefromitsresponsibleforhowtocommunicationbetweennetwork.Eachlayerreceiveservicefromitslowerlayer.lowerlayer.

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