Chronology from Columbus (1492) to the
Plains Indian Wars (1890)
Timeline Self-TestTo use this show, go to view and click “notes page.” Then start slide show. When you want to read more about an answer, end the show and the notes page for that slide will appear. After reading the notes page, use shift-F5 to return to the slide where you left off. Pretty cool! Or, as Aneesh says, “this is sick.” Try to guess the answer Click slowly, think before you click next Try to guess the answerRemember, if it is italicized, know it well; if it is in bold, know it really well
1492
Interaction between old and new worlds (smallpox to new; potato to old; etc.)—name this process
Columbian Exchange
1500s
Powerful Native American force going into decline (generally sided with British against French)—name them
Iroquois Confederation (in what is now state of New York area, generally speaking)
1607
First permanent English settlement (look for gold; starve 1609-10; find tobacco)—name the town
Jamestown
1608
French Canada founded (less settled; more trade oriented; Catholic)—name the town
Quebec
c. 1609
Spanish settle in southwest (NM)—name the town
Santa Fe
1620
Separatists-Mayflower Compact (agree to obey all “just and equal laws”)—name them
Pilgrims
1624
Dutch settle what became New York—name the settlement
New Amsterdam
1630
Boston-Affluent-Congregational-Families-intolerant (Williams, Hutchinson get kicked out)—what do you call this group?
Puritans
1681
Penn grant from King-protect Quakers (pacifist influence here)—name the colony
Pennsylvania
About 1660 to 1763
Name the theory (an “ism”): Eng/Britain gets raw materials; colony gets finished goods; keep other nations out of trading loop through answer to next slide
Mercantilism
About 1660 to 1763
Examples: 1--Molasses Act 1733 = 6p/gal not to be paid 2--ships to be owned by British, with mainly British
crew and British captain 3--colonies can’t make finished iron products (iron
bars OK) What do you call this?
Navigation and Trade Acts
17th, 18th centuries
England (Britain after 1707) is lax in its enforcement of navigation and trade acts; Prime Minister Robert Walpole promoted this idea; the thriving colonies are left relatively unencumbered from royal and parliamentary control, thus fostering a spirit of independence, and, for practical purposes, independence in fact—name this
Salutary (benign) neglect
1662
OK to baptize kids of unconverted parents (signals erosion of earlier church power)—name this
Halfway Covenant
17th Century
Most immigrants to 1670s were indentured for about 7 years—what do you call this?
Indentured Servitude
1686-1689
Andros consolidates NE colonies—colonies resent—government collapses—name this government
Dominion of New England
17th/18th Centuries
South = TRICS (what is TRICS?) Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, Cotton, Sugar (do
Tobacco in the Chesapeake colonies (MD and VA); do rice and indigo in the lower colonies (SC and GA); do cotton across the South after 1793; do sugar in the Southwest (LA) in 1800s
17th/18th Centuries
Middle colonies (NY, NJ, Penn)= ROB the COW from the Hedgss (what does all this represent)—diverse folks do lots of different kinds of farming—name the people and the crops
Rye, Oats, Barley, Corn, Wheat, Beef, Pork; Huguenots, English, Dutch, Germans, Swedes, Scot-Irish
17th and 18th Centuries
Northern colonies—who were they and what did they do?
Answer: Merchants, traders, shipbuilding, fishing, finance, slave trade
Remember that there are always small farmers all around the country, so small farms do not help you pull the regions apart, which AP likes you to do
1624, 1691
Virginia becomes this in 1624, and Massachusetts becomes this in 1691
Crown colonies
1660s onward
VA leads way with 1662 law saying child retains condition of mother—what are we talking about here?
Emergence of slavery as labor system of the South
17th and 18th Centuries
Role of colonial cities—what was it? Colonial cities were centers of an essentially
agrarian society
17th, 18th Centuries
Role of women-what was it? Fully ½ of marriage partnership; raise kids;
farm as needed; make candles, soap (remember, this is largely a subsistance farming economy, where a family, including father, mother, and kids all contribute to the welfare of the farm home)
17th, 18th Centuries
Married woman’s rights—what were they? Fully subordinate to husband; no property
rights in marriage (a little less rigid in the Southern colonies)
1676
Frontier poor in Western Virginia protest Berkeley policies; Gov. Berkeley crushes rebellion-name the event
Bacon’s Rebellion
1680
Popé successfully leads revolt against Spanish in Santa Fe—name the event
Pueblo revolt
1739
50 South Carolina slaves rebel; crushed; harsher slave codes enacted (no meetings; no read)—name the event
Stono Rebellion
1689-91
Leisler overthrows Gov. Andros (Dominion of New England) in New York; he then resists new British govt. under William and Mary; he is hanged—name the event
Leisler’s Rebellion
18th Century
Independent, tough, anti-king, anti-Anglican, frontier/backwoods people—name the ethnic group—name the people
Scot-Irish
17th, 18th Centuries
1-Goods from Europe shipped to Africa; 2-slaves shipped to colonies; 3-rum/raw materials shipped to Europe—what is the name of this trade?
Triangular Trade
17th and 18th centuries
Congregationalist = North; Quaker, Catholic, Meth, Pres = Middle; Anglican = So.—what is going on here?
Religious diversity
1730s-1740s
1st mass movement causes decline in authority of existing church as people convert—name it
(first) Great Awakening
18th century
God is nothing but cosmic watchmaker who does not actively intervene in world—name this “ism”
Deism
1734-35
Free speech case; he is acquitted (not guilty) on libel charge—who is he?
John Peter Zenger
1741
Slaves and poor whites burn New York City—whites are very fearful—name the event
New York Conspiracy Trials
1754-1763
War for empire between Britain and France; French lose; Brits need to raise money—name the war
French and Indian War
1763
Ends Fr. and Indian War; Britain gets all to Mississippi (Spain west of Mississippi)—name the treaty
Treaty of Paris
1763-1764
Acts of Britain to manage empire and pay war debts—what do we call this?
Imperial Reorganization
1763
Ottawa Chief leads attacks on British posts and forts in the West—name him
Pontiac
1763
Indian threat (Pontiac-1763) causes king to say no settlers beyond Appalachians—what do we call the King’s action?
Proclamation Line
1764
Colonists can’t use paper money to pay debts; colonists don’t have gold; big pain—name the act
Currency Act
1764
Brit needs money; reduces tariff on foreign molasses from 6p to 3p/gallon = TAX—name the act
Sugar Act [Recall that the ’33 Molasses Act tariff of
6p/gal was not meant to be paid; the ’64 tariff of 3p/gal was meant to be paid and was therefore a tax.]
1765
Direct tax on some colonial paper [colonies = no tax w/o rep; and can’t be rep!!!]—name the act
Stamp Act
1766
Stamp Act repealed but this act says Parliament can bind colonies in all cases—name the act
Declaratory Act
1760s on
Members of Parliament represent all British citizens, even those who can’t vote—what is this called?
Virtual representation
1767
Tariffs for revenue on glass, lead, paint, paper, tea [opposed by colonies]—name the act
Townshend Acts
1773
Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians toss tea into Boston Harbor—name the event
Boston Tea Party
1772-1774
Sam Adams organizes the first; communications fostered among towns, and then among colonies; used to promote opposition to British policies—what do we call these?
Committees of Correspondence
1774
Extends Quebec down to Ohio River; colonists resented—name the act
Quebec Act
1774
Four acts designed to bring colonies into compliance after tea party—name them
Coercive Acts (add Quebec Act and you have the Intolerable Acts)
1774 Coercive Act #1
Must get governor’s approval to have town meetings; governor’s council, previously elected, now appointive—name the act
Massachusetts Government Act
1774 Coercive Act #2
Closes port of Boston until tea paid for; cripples Boston trade—name the act
Boston Port Act
1774 Coercive Act #3
Royal officials can be tried in England for crimes committed in Massachusetts—name the act
Administration of Justice Act
1774 Coercive Act #4
Troops can now be housed in occupied houses, including homes—name the act
Quartering Act
1690 Philosophy of American Revolution: Slide #1 Life, liberty, property = natural rights; abolish
govt. that is destructive of these Name the man who wrote the Treatise on
Civil Government that lifted up these points John Locke (Recall that Jefferson said the
Declaration of Independence is “pure Locke”)
1690 Philosophy of American Revolution: Slide #2 Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau proposed that the
people are source of all government power—what is the name of this principle?
Popular sovereignty (Little ‘ole me—all political power is in my hands—wow!)
1690 Philosophy of American Revolution: Slide #3 Government does only what sovereign
people tell it to do—what is the principle? Limited government
Summary of philosophy of American Revolution Name the three elements mentioned in the
last three slides that represent the philosophy of the American Revolution
Natural Rights, popular sovereignty, and limited government
1774
The body was convened to respond to Coercive Acts—name the body
First Continental Congress
1775-1781
Fights the war from 1775 to 1781; declares independence, advises states to draft constitutions, drafts a constitution (the Articles of Confederation)—name the body
Second Continental Congress
Before July 4, 1776
Right before the Declaration of Independence, she wrote to her husband, “in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies.” Who is she?
Abigail Adams
7-4-76
Colonies declare independence from Great Britain over a year after war starts—name the document
Declaration of Independence
1777--October
Great U.S. victory in upstate New York—leads to Franco-American alliance in 1778—name the battle
Saratoga
1781-88
Congress under the articles had some problems that can be remembered using the Lum words. What are those silly words
Answer: WART.Com +no E and no J
Congress can’t declare war, tax, regulate commerce; Congress can’t ensure domestic tranquility (the dot), and there is no executive or judicial
1776-1783
Revolutionary War diplomacy with the French—comment
France allies with U.S. in 1778 after Saratoga; provides troops, supplies, ships; French aid essential
1776-1783
Mistreated within colonies; U.S. breaks ’83 treaty promise to restore property-who are they?
Loyalists
1783
Britain recognizes U.S. sovereignty and independence; war over; U.S. wins—name the treaty
Treaty of Paris
1776-81
State constitution making--comment Second Continental Congress says (1776)
states should draft new constitutions ; states draft constitutions republican in form, with bills of rights
1781-1788
U.S. organizing document (constitution); WART.COM + no E = no J—name the document
Articles of Confederation
1785
Survey western lands; 36 sq. mile townships; one section for education; great law—name it
Land Ordinance of 1785
1787
Up to five state to come out of northwest territory; no slavery; fugitive slave provision—name the law
Northwest Ordinance
1786-87
Farmers in Western Massachusetts rebel, prevent courts from meeting and foreclosing on farms; put down by Mass. Militia; shows weakness of Articles—name the event
Shays Rebellion
1787--Constitution
Senate = 2/state; House representation based on population of state—what do we call this?
Great Compromise
1787--Constitution
For taxes and representation in the House of Representatives, 3/5ths of slave population can be counted—what do we call this?
3/5 Compromise
1787--Constitution
States choose electors who vote for president and vice president—what do we call this?
Electoral College
1787-88
What are the names of the two groups who either supported or opposed ratification of the Constitution?
Answer: Federalists (pro) and Anti-Federalists (con)
1787-88
Name two reasons why Anti-Federalists opposed ratification
1--Too strong of a central government and 2--there was no provision for a bill of rights (remember that the states put bills of rights in their constitutions)
1787-88
Name the 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, Jay to support ratification of Constitution
The Federalist, or The Federalist Papers
1791
1st ten amendments protect freedoms of speech, religion, life, liberty, property—what do we call them?
Bill of Rights
1790
Fund national debt at par; assume state debts; good for speculators and rich; tie wealthy to national government—name the report
Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit #1
1790
Calls for BUS, the BA in BART (Congress accepts); 1st BUS runs from 1791-1811
Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit #2
1791
Calls for the R and T in BART (Congress doesn’t accept)
Hamilton’s Report on Manufacturing
1790s
Strict v. Loose construction = origins of first party system Who represents loose construction and who
represents strict construction? Same question: Who was first Secretary of the
Treasury and who was the first Secretary of State?
Hamilton and Jefferson
1776 on
Educated moms must teach civic virtue to sons in a republic based on popular sovereignty Name the revolutionary concept that elevates the
status of women and inferentially calls for better educational opportunities for women
Republican Motherhood
1793
War between Britain and France--Washington wants to stay out of French Revolutionary war; isolationism here Name the proclamation Washington issued
Neutrality Proclamation
1793
Eli Whitney invents this; revolutionizes cotton processing; demand for slaves increases
Cotton Gin
1798
Eli Whitney invents process with muskets; begins mass production capability
Interchangeable parts
1794
Washington crushes Western Penn. rebels opposed to tax on whiskey—name the event
Whiskey Rebellion
1795
After Fallen Timbers (Gen. Wayne), Miamis cede vast tract in Ohio valley to U.S.—name the treaty
Treaty of Greenville
1794/95 (’94 negotiated; ’95 ratified) Avoids war with Britain; Britain finally gets out
of west. forts; Brit. pays damagesname the treaty
Jay Treaty
1795
Spain grants free navigation of Mississippi and right of deposit at New Orleans; gives up claim to the old West Florida between 31° and 32°28'; good deal that follows Jay treaty—name the treaty
Pinckney Treaty
1798
U.S. refuses to pay bribe to talk with French; ignites war fever in U.S.—name the event
XYZ Affair
1800
U.S.-France seizing ships; near to full war; Convention of 1800 defuses issue—what do we call this “war”?
Undeclared Naval War with France
1798
Sedition act punishes Jeffersonians for speaking out against Adams; bad law is a violation of 1st Amendment freedom of speech; a second law deals with aliens—name the acts
Alien and Sedition Acts
1798-99
Responding to Sedition act, Mad/Jeff assert right of a state to nullify federal law—what do we call Mad/Jeff writings?
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1739-1831
Fears cause states to adopt laws restricting communications, learning, travel among slaves—what caused the slaveowners to be fearful—name the revolts
Answer: Slave revolts (Stono, South Carolina, 1739; Gabriel Prosser, Virginia, 1800; Denmark Vesey, South Carolina 1822; Nat Turner, Virginia, 1831, are among the more notable revolts)
1800
U.S.-France cancel 1778 alliance; peace not war here—name the treaty
Convention of 1800
1800
“Revolution” (election) of 1800 causes peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Jeffersonians—what do we call this phenomenon?
“Revolution” of 1800
1801-1809
Significance of Jefferson’s presidency He was strict in theory, loose in practice (e.g.,
Louisiana, where he went ahead and bought it, arguing that he did not have the authority but a constitutional amendment could authorize what he did—he never got the amendment—thus strict in theory, loose in practice); also he did not attack Hamilton’s BUS
1803
U.S. doubles in size for $15 million; New Orleans finally belongs to U.S.—name the event
Louisiana Purchase
1804-1806
Jefferson commissions this expedition that is America’s grand adventure—name it
Louis and Clark Expedition (the Corps of Discovery)
1803
In this case, the principle of judicial review is established (articulated by Hamilton in Federalist #78)
Marbury v. Madison
1801-07
Jeff’s VEEP kills Hamilton; organizes conspiracy in southwest; tried for treason but not convicted—name him
Aaron Burr
1801-05
A reluctant Jefferson beats Tripoli who wanted tribute to allow U.S. ships to sail in the Mediterrean—name the war
War with Tripoli
1807
British, looking for deserters, attack U.S. warship; almost leads to war—name this incident
Chesapeake affair
1807
Following Chesapeake affair, Jefferson approves this as a response to the British
Embargo (recall the bitterness over Jefferson’s embargo among New England Federalists, merchants and traders)
Early 1800s
British seize men (including U.S. citizens) to serve in Royal navy; U.S. hates this—name this practice
Impressment
1809
Embargo repealed in favor of trade but not with Britain and France—name the act
Non-intercourse Act
1810
This supersedes non-intercourse: trade OK with Brit/Fr; if one stop offenses, embargo will be put on the other—name the act
Macon’s Bill #2
1812-15 War of 1812
War of 1812 causes—name them CMEN + warhawks (Chesapeake,
Impressment, Embargo-1807, Nonintercourse--1809, Macon’s Bill #2--1810, and Calhoun/Clay elected to House in 1810—westerners clamoring for suppression of Indians and possibly expansion into Canada)
Early 1800s
Shawnee chief; forces defeated at Tippecanoe/1811; killed at Thames/1813—name him
Tecumseh
1793-1824 U.S. Foreign Policy: approach to essay question on How do you approach a foreign policy question from
1793 to 1824?? European distresses = American successes, from
’95 Greenville to ’23 Monroe Doc (as Britain, France go to war, U.S. takes advantage—Greenville ’94, Jay ’95, Pinckney ’95, Convention of 1800, Louisiana Purchase ’03, seizure of West Florida 1810-13, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onís Treaty 1819, Monroe Doctrine ’23, Russo-American Treaty ’24)
Christmas Eve, 1914
Name the treaty ending the War of 1812 Traty of Ghent
1-8-15
After Treaty of Ghent, he beats British and becomes national hero—name him and the battle
Andrew Jackson and Battle of New Orleans
Late 1814-early 1815
Anti-war Federalists oppose Madison; Federalist Party dies at Hartford—name the event
Hartford Convention
1815-c. 1824
War of 1812 consequences Answer: BART called for; era of good
feelings and one-party rule; Clay’s Amer. System (BART=bank, internal improvements, tariff: 2nd BUS runs 1816-1826; Erie Canal completed 1825 (have states do internal improvements); first tariff for protection in 1816)
1800 on
Political (Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark, War of 1812), Judicial (Marshall decisions); economic (BART); cultural (BIC and HR School) (BIC = Bryant, Irving, Cooper; HR = Hudson River School, Thomas Cole’s “Oxbow=romanticized landscapes)—name the “ism” here
Nationalism
1816—this one is a “duh”
1st tariff for protective purposes (to protect “infant manufacturing” spawned by War of 1812)—name it, duh
Tariff of 1816
c. 1815-24
Henry Clay supported BART; the So and West benefit too with R carrying stuff to market—name this
American System
1815-c. 1824
Monroe’s terms; one-party; but Panic of 1819 and conflicts over BART occurred—name the era
Era of Good Feelings
1817
Let’s free the slaves and move them to Africa; Liberia created on African coast—name the organization
American Colonization Society
1817
Disarms Great Lakes (U.S.-Britain)—name the treaty
Rush-Bagot Disarmament Treaty
1818
U.S. and Britain agree to joint occupation of Oregon; also sets Louisiana Purchase boundary from Lake of Woods to Rocky Mountains (49th parallel)—name the treaty
Convention of 1818
1819
Speculation in western lands sparks unemployment, bank failures, debtors’ prison
Answer: Panic of 1819
1819
MD tax law struck down; federal supremacy here; necessary and proper here too—name the decision
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819
Spain cedes Florida and gives up vague Oregon claim; southern/western border of Louisiana fixed along “step” line (step = Sabean R. north to Red R., west to 100th, north to Arkansas R., due north from headwaters of Arkansas to 42nd, then west to ocean)—name the treaty
Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 (do not say “Florida Cession” lest you forget the step line
1820
MO slave; ME free; no slavery in LA territory above 36°30' north latitude—name the event
Missouri Compromise What did Jefferson call it? The [death] “knell” of the Union
1823
Europe/American continents different, so nonintervention/noncolonization demanded—name the PEP here
Monroe Doctrine
1820s
Austin gets Mexican land grant; Americans settle; conflicts arise—name the area
Texas
1820s-30s
NE farm girls work in company textile factory and live in company housing—name the PEP here
Lowell System
1832
1st 3rd party; anti-Mason, anti-Jackson—name the party
Anti-Masonic Party
Early 1800s
States drop property qualifications to vote; contributes to Jackson “Era of Common Man”--what is happening here?
Expansion of suffrage
1828-48
Expand votes/ appeal to LAFS; hate monopoly; start spoils; hurt Indians: in 1840s, settle Oregon and take “Mexican Cession”—what name do we give to this era?
Jacksonian Democracy
1832-35
Jackson attacks 2nd BUS as monopolistic monster; success of attack creates $ instability—name the event
Bank War
1836
Jackson says you must use gold/silver to buy western lands; paper can’t be used—name the PEP
Specie Circular
1830-39
Jackson OKs this act in ’30; tribes move; Cherokee Trail of Tears ’38-’39—name the entire process
Indian Removal
1828 on
Jackson thinks government work easy; gives government jobs to friends and cronies; bad system—name the PEP here
Spoils System
1840-c. 1852
Democrats and Whigs form this; Whigs strongly pro-BART + --what is “this”?
2nd party system (1st=Feds, Jeffs)
1830
Jackson vetoes funds for highway in KY because it’s only in KY (blow to BART)—what do we call this veto?
Maysville Road veto
1830
Webster: constitution=supreme law of land; Hayne: U.S.= compact among states—name this 1830 event that occurred in the U.S. Senate
Webster-Hayne Debate (one of the best speeches in U.S. history is Webster’s second reply to Hayne, January 26-27, 1830, in which he attacks nullification and ends with “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”)
1828-1832
1828 Tariff of Abominations; Calhoun=South Carolina Exposition and Protest; 1832 tariff too high and SC nullifies; Jackson gets Force Bill; Clay brokers lower tariff; SC repeals ordinance of nullification but nullifies the Force Bill; nullification theory = states are sovereign—what do we call this crisis?
Nullification Crisis
1832
USSC says only feds, not states, can regulate Indian affairs; federal supremacy—name the decision
Worcester v. Georgia
1835
Tocqueville: Africans and Indians lose in U.S.; women do better than in Europe—name the book
Democracy in America
1837
Speculation led to panic; Jacksonians call for independent treasury—name this economic event
Panic of 1837
1840
Idea!! Put fed. $ in independent vaults, not state banks; will stop speculation—name this idea
Independent treasury (Whigs repeal but Polk puts it back when he’s pres.)
1832-1852
This party elected 2 pres (Harrison ’40; Taylor ’48); agenda was BART + moral reforms, public education—name the party
Whig
1828-48 Summary
1830s: Good: expands vote, handles tariff controversy well; Bad: attack on BUS, Specie circular, Panic of ’37, treatment of Indians; 1840s: Good: establishes Independent treasury, gains from Mexican War, settles Oregon; Bad: imperialistic war with Mexico—what to we call this entire period?
Jacksonian Democracy (Jackson ‘29-‘37; Van Buren ‘37-‘41; Polk ‘45-‘49)
1811-1852
Public road from MD to IL helps transportation and movement of goods—name the road
National Road
1825
NY builds canal from Buffalo to Albany; west can get goods to market now—name the canal
Erie Canal
1828 on
This form of transportation contributes to national market; major industry in later 1800s—name the mode of transportation
Railroads
1830-1900
Cheap labor; keep Catholicism; prompts nativist reaction; stayed on east coast—what are we talking about here?
Irish immigration
1840s on
Wealthier than Irish, moved inland, cultural diversity (kindergarten, beer), reformers—what are we talking about here?
German immigration
1840s-50s
Political party reacts against immigrants; anti-German, anti-Irish, anti-Catholic—name the party
American or Know-Nothing Party
1840s on
A woman’s place=home (artistic, moral are good), but too sensitive for labor market—put a name on this idea
Cult of Domesticity
1848 on
Denied econ./polit. opportunity and freedom (married/property), women object; women fight for abolition and reforms; Wyoming Terr. grants vote 1869—what are we talking about here?
Women’s rights movement
1845
Who wrote Women in the Nineteenth Century, a manifesto of the women’s rights movement?
Margaret Fuller
1848
Stanton, Mott, Declaration of Sentiments modeled on Dec of Ind; demands rights—name the event
Seneca Falls Convention
1820-1860
Horace Mann fights for longer hours, better teachers, improved curriculum—what are we talking about here?
Education reform
1820s-40s
Finney leads revivals; reforms gain ground (PAW); Meth/Bapt gains are huge—name the event
Second Great Awakening
1830s-40s
Name the great preacher of the Second Great Awakening and identify the reform movements he promoted.
Charles G. Finney—prohibition, abolition, women’s rights (PAW, as in Finney put his “paw” on several antebellum reform movements
1830s-40s
Joseph Smith starts; Brigham Young leads them to Utah—name this religious group
Mormons
1848-80
Bible communism; complex marriage/selective breeding marginalizes sect—name this community
Oneida Community
1841-46
Transcendentalists lead communitarian lifestyle on 200 acre farm that fails but demonstrates utopian fervor of mid-century idealists—name the community
Brook Farm
1830s-50s
Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller elevate individual dignity; reformers; self-reliance—what group of people are we talking about here?
Transcendentalists
1820s on
Thomas Cole; romanticized landscapes; break from Europe; cultural nationalism—name the art “school”
Hudson River School
1820s on
Bryant, Irving, Cooper=BIC=cultural nationalismname the “school”
Knickerbocker School
1830s on
Douglass, Garrison, Truth promote this reform
Abolition
1850s on
Neil Dow and women fight for this Prohibition
1840s on
Who fought for humane treatment of mentally ill?
Dorothea Dix
1840s-50s
God ordained U.S. to take all to Pacific, then in ‘50s reach into Latin America—name this idea
Manifest Destiny
1836-45
Alamo (’36) leads to independence; slavery issue keeps this area out of U.S. until 1845—name the area
Texas
1846
Polk/Britain agree to 49th parallel to divide this territory: good deal for both—name the area
Oregon
1846-48
Polk prompts war; gets all from TX to Pacific; Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (2-2-48)—name the war
Mexican War
1846
Pennsylvania representative proposes no slavery in lands taken from Mexico in upcoming war; fails (2)—name this
Wilmot Proviso
1848
Name the treaty ending the Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
1820
MO slave; ME free; no slavery in LA territory above 36°30' north latitude—name this
Missouri Compromise
1831 on
Radical abolitionist; Liberator (1st=1-1-31); Southerners start to defend slavery after he starts his campaign—name him
William Lloyd Garrison
1833
Supports immediate abolition; later for Liberty, Free-Soil, and Republican parties—name the organization
American Anti-Slavery Society
1800-1860
Name the institution that was the heart of the sectional controversy in the antebellum period
Slavery (read this lengthy note on the notes page—you have to know this)
1837 speech in Senate
This So. Car. Senator argues that slavery is a positive good; blasts North. Bosses—name him
John C. Calhoun
1817?-1895
Brilliant orator and writer; most prominent of the black abolitionists—name him
Frederick Douglass
1840s-50s
Right of the people in territories to vote to have slavery or no slavery--name this idea
Popular Sovereignty
1850
CA=free; no slave trade in D.C.; NM/UT terr.=pop.sov.; strong fug. slave act; Texas boundary adjusted for $10 million—name these five acts
Compromise of 1850
1850
Part of Comp. of ’50; NO passes personal liberty laws ; resentment in NO and SO builds—name the act
Fugitive Slave Act
1852
Enflamed passions in both NO and SO; written in response to Fug. Slave Act--name the book
Answer: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Who wrote it? Harriet Beecher Stowe
1853
Part of Mexico (now AZ/NM) for $10 mill.; to build southern railroad—name this purchase
Gadsden Purchase
1854
Remainder of LA terr.=pop.sov.; KS and NE terr. formed; free-soilers enraged; Republican Party emerges—name the act
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854-2007
North based party; for BART and no slavery in territories; higher educ; homesteads—name the party
Republican Party
1857
Slaves can’t sue; MO Comp.=unconst.; free blacks can’t be citizens; bad decision—name it
Dred Scott decision
1857
KS constitution is pro-slave; Douglas opposes and loses SO Dem. Support—name this constitution
Lecompton Constitution and crisis
1858
IL senate race debate with Lincoln; Douglas articulates this doctrine, that people can vote vs. slavery in a territory if they want to and slavery will “stay down”—name this “doctrine”
Freeport Doctrine
1793-1860
Cotton is King; no one dare make war on cotton; SO arrogance here is misplaced—name this idea
“King Cotton”
1859
Abolitionist radical=violent assault on Harper’s Ferry; becomes martyr for North—name this man
John Brown
1860 party platform
No slavery in territories; BART; public education; homesteads—this is the platform of what party
Republican Party
4-12-61
Fort at Charleston, SC: Confederates open fire, starting Civil War—name the fort
Fort Sumter
1861-65
20 million in NO vs. 9 in SO; 5X as many mfg. plants in NO.; SO needs quick war—name this in general
North v. South in Civil War (see the notes)
1861-65
Lincoln could not alienate four slave states still in Union (DEL, MD, KY, MO)--What do we call these states?
Border States
1861
Union war goal—name it Preserve union (later add emancipation)
1863-65
180,000 served; 38,000 killed; 54th Mass.=1st regiment in ’63; full pay by 1864—name these soldiers in general
African American soldiers
1862-64
C.S.A. commerce raider; points to delicate diplomatic issue with Britain—name the ship
C.S.S. Alabama
1862
Law grants 160 acres for small fee to settlers (previous: land sales=revenue)—name the act
Homestead Act
9-17-62
Union “victory” shows Br/Fr Union power; Emancipation Proclamation follows—name the battle
Antietam
1-1-63
All slaves in land still in rebellion are free as of 1-1-63; turns War into crusade—name this event
Emancipation Proclamation
1862
Rep. education act for land-grant colleges (Texas A&M, e.g.); far-sighted—name the act
Morrill Act
1865-72
To provide food, clothing shelter, education for freed slaves; education a big ++++--name this agency
Freedmen’s Bureau
1865
This amendment frees the slaves 13th Amendment
1865 on
Freed slaves share crop proceeds (50/50) or become tenants on farms and forever indebted to owners and stores; this reconfigures SO agriculture after the Civil War—what do we call this?
Tenant farming/sharecropping
1865-67
SO states pass laws restricting freedmen to stabilize workforce and keep them down
Black Codes
1863, 1865
10% of voters in 1860 election can start gov’t; Johnson adds pardons required—name this
Presidential reconstruction
1867-77
Cong. Radicals divide SO into 5 military districts; SO states must ratify 14th Amend.—what do we call this?
Congressional (radical, military) reconstruction
1865, 1868, 1879
13th=free slaves; 14th=citizenship to Africans; 15th=vote for Africans-but no women
Civil War Amendments
1867
Sec. of State Seward gets this land for $7.2 million; Russia off No. Amer. Now—name this purchase
Alaska
1868
Johnson opposes Congress; House impeaches; one vote short of removal in Senate—name this event
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
1877
Hayes promises to pull troops out of South; ends Reconstruction—name this
Compromise of 1877
1870s on
This group of people installed Jim Crow/tenant farming/sharecropping/crop liens and took over Southern state governments—what do we call them in general?
Southern “redeemers”
1877
The name we use to indicate the systematic legal separation of whites and blacks to keep blacks “in their place”
Jim Crow
1866-1890
This occurred mainly on the Great Plains—provide the general name
Plains Indian Wars
1868
This treaty guaranteed Sioux lands after Red Cloud beat the U.S. Army—name the treaty
Treaty of Fort Laramie But in the 1870s, violations of the treaty led to
Plains Indian Wars
1876
Crazy Horse annihilates U.S. 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer—name the battle
Little Big Horn
1877, 1890
Great Sioux leaders at Little Big Horn; both killed by Army (one in ’77, one in ’90)—name them
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull
1868-1890
At Washita (’68); Little Big Horn (’76); and reconstituted at Wounded Knee (’90)—name the unit
U.S. 7th Cavalry
1877
Chief runs with people toward Canada; fails; “I will fight no more forever” quote—name the chief
Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé
1890
U.S. 7th Cavalry wipes out Sioux under Bigfoot; ends Plains Indian wars—name the battle
Wounded Knee