h b lChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Disease Information Packets – Slide Set
Disease (COPD)
Public Health Services,
Community Health Statistics
11/2012
What is COPD?What is COPD?• Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease or COPD is adisease, or COPD, is a respiratory disease that makes it hard to breathe.
Th i i l b– The airways in lungs become swollen, less elastic, or are destroyed.
– It gets worse over timeIt gets worse over time.– Includes chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.– It cannot be cured, but it can beIt cannot be cured, but it can be
stopped and treated.
Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What is COPD? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health‐topics/topics/copd/.
Demographic Risk FactorsDemographic Risk Factors• Age
– People aged 65‐74 years are morePeople aged 65‐74 years are more likely to report COPD than any other age group.
• GenderGender– Females are more likely to have COPD
and die at a higher rate due to COPD.• Genetics/Family HistoryGenetics/Family History
– People with a family history of COPD are more likely to get the disease if they smoke. y
– Genes have been discovered that directly influence the development of COPD.
Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What is COPD? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health‐topics/topics/copd/.
Social and Behavioral Risk Factors• Smoking
– 90% of COPD deaths are due to
Social and Behavioral Risk Factors
90% of COPD deaths are due to smoking.
• Secondhand Smoke• History of Respiratory• History of Respiratory
Infections• Occupational Exposure to:
– Dust – Ash – Fumes– Gases
Sources: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, COPD: Am I at Risk? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/copd/am‐i‐at‐risk/index.htm.
Intermediate OutcomesIntermediate Outcomes
• Bronchitis– Inflammation and scarring of the
bronchial t besbronchial tubes.
• Emphysemap y– Progressive, irreversible destruction
of the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.
Source: American Lung Association. COPD. http://www.lung.org/lung‐disease/copd/.
National Statistics and DisparitiesNational Statistics and Disparities• In 2009, the rate of death due to COPD was 41.9 per 100 000100,000.
• Whites had the highest rate of death due to COPD d t th i l/ th icompared to other racial/ethnic groups.
• Between 1999 and 2009, the rate of death due to COPD among women rose 10% while the rate ofCOPD among women rose 10%, while the rate of death among males decreased 5%.
• In 2009 an estimated 739 000 hospitalizations due to• In 2009, an estimated 739,000 hospitalizations due to COPD were reported and over 15.3 million doctors visits due to COPD were reported.p
Source: U.S. Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Chartbook. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/2012_ChartBook.pdf.
National Statistics and DisparitiesNational Statistics and DisparitiesPrevalence of COPD Among Adults
(18+ years) by Race/Ethnicity
5.9%6%
7%
United States, 2008‐2010
5.5%
4.6%
3.0%4%
5%
6%
rcen
tage
3.0%
1.8%
1%
2%
3%Pe
0%All White Black Hispanic API‡
‡Asian and Pacific Islanders.Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health Interactive Data. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US 1999 2010 http://www cdc gov/nchs/hdi htmDisease: US, 1999‐2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hdi.htm.
CostsCosts
• In 2010, the annual cost for COPD was an ti t d $50 billiestimated $50 billion,
including $30 billion on direct healthcare costsdirect healthcare costs.
Source: American Lung Association. COPD. http://www.lung.org/lung‐disease/copd/.
Local Statistics and DisparitiesLocal Statistics and DisparitiesNational, State, and Local COPD Death Rates,
2000‐2009
140
160
180
2000 2009
US Age Adjusted Rate‡
80
100
120
140
e pe
r 100,000
CA Age‐Adjusted Rate‡
County Actual Rate*
County Age Adjusted Rate*
20
40
60Rate
02000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
*Source: Death Statistical Master Files (CDPH), CoSD, HHSA, PHS, EISB 2000‐2009; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2012.‡Source: Centers for Disease Control and Preven on, Na onal Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999‐2009. http://www.wonder.cdc.gov. Accessed December 3, 2012.
Local Statistics and DisparitiespCOPD*: Actual and Age‐Adjusted Death Rates**
San Diego County, 2009
50.350
60
Actual
Age‐Adjusted
28.826.3
31.228.5
31.026.4
34.5
24.230
40
e Pe
r 100,000
15.6
5.58.0
13.19.5
0
10
20Rate
0Total Male Female White Black Hispanic API‡
Local Statistics and DisparitiesLocal Statistics and DisparitiesCOPD*: Death Rates** by Age Group
San Diego County, 2009Actual
220.2
200
250
0
Age‐Adjusted
100
150
Rate per 100,00
28.8
§ § 6.2
28.5
0
50
R
Total 0‐14 Years 15‐24 Years 25‐64 Years 65+ Years
*COPD death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes J40‐J44, 47.**County actual rates are per 100,000 population. County age‐adjusted rates are per 100,000 2000 US standard population.§ Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events.Source: Death Statistical Master Files (CDPH), CoSD, HHSA, EISB, 2009; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2012.
Local Statistics and DisparitiesLocal Statistics and DisparitiesCOPD* Death Rates** by RegionSan Diego County, 2000‐2009
50
60
San Diego County
30
40
per 1
00,000
North Coastal
North Central
Central
0
10
20
Rate p
South
East
North Inland
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Local Statistics and DisparitiesLocal Statistics and DisparitiesCOPD* Death Rates** by Region
San Diego County, 2009
28 831.8
41.2
33.735
40
45
28.825.0
20.8 20.0
15
20
25
30
per 1
00,000
0
5
10
15
San Diego North Coastal North Central Central South East North Inland
Rate p
San Diego County
North Coastal North Central Central South East North Inland
*COPD death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes J40‐J44, 47.**County actual rates are per 100,000 population. County age‐adjusted rates are per 100,000 2000 US standard population.§ Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events.Source: Death Statistical Master Files (CDPH), CoSD, HHSA, EISB, 2009; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2012.
PreventionPrevention• Early detection
– Allows earlier treatment to stop disease progression.• Avoidance of pollutants and tobacco smoke• Avoidance of pollutants and tobacco smoke
– Do not smoke or breathe second‐hand smoke.– Avoid home and workplace air pollutants.
• Treat respiratory infectionsTreat respiratory infections– Treatment helps prevent the initial stages of COPD.
• See your doctor regularly– Treatment requires medical q
diagnosis and management of medications to alleviate symptoms.
– Patients with advanced disease may need supplemental oxygenmay need supplemental oxygen, or a lung transplant.
• Get a flu shot– Flu can cause serious problems forFlu can cause serious problems for
a person with COPD. Source: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. How is COPD Treated? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health‐topics/topics/copd/treatment.html.
Contact UsContact Us
County of San DiegoCounty of San DiegoHealth and Human Services Agency
bli l h S iPublic Health ServicesCommunity Health Statistics
(619)285‐6479www SDHealthStatistics comwww.SDHealthStatistics.com
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