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IEC 61850 - Introduction
Christoph Brunner
© 2009 UTINNOVATIONCB 2009-04-24
Content
IEC 61850 – Communication networks and systems for substations
Introduction to IEC 61850IEC 61850 beyond the substationEdition 2 of IEC 61850
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Substation control and protection
Control CenterHMI
Relay X1
RTU
Conventional Switchgear
Conventional CT / VT's
Relay X2
Relay X1
Conventional Switchgear
Relay X2
Conventional CT / VT's
Interlocking logic
Hardwired with parallel Cu wires
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Substation control and protection
Control Center HMI, Station controller
Gateway
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Conventional Switchgear
Conventional CT / VT's
Relay X2
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Conventional Switchgear
Relay X2
Conventional CT / VT's
Vendor specific protocols like LON, MVB, SPA, Profibus, FIP, DNP3.0, Modbus etc
Hardwired with parallel Cu wires
Serial communication
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Substation control and protection
Control Center
Router
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Intelligent Switchgear
Non conventional
CT/VT
Relay X2
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Intelligent Switchgear
Relay X2
Non conventional
CT/VT
HMI, Station controller
Serial communication
Serial communication
© 2009 UTINNOVATIONCB 2009-04-24“UCA & 61850 for Dummies.” – Douglas Proudfoot
IEC 61850, Ed 2 – 2009/2010
IEEE TR 1550:1999
New standards emerge
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The Objectives …
Communication standard meet functional and performance requirements supporting future technological developments
Consensus between IED manufacturers and users
devices can freely exchange information
Define communication requirements for application functions
amount of data to be exchanged, exchange time constraints, …..
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The Objectives …
To the maximum possible extent, make use of existing standards and commonly accepted communication principles Define information
Must support the functions of the substationNeither to standardise (nor limit in any way) the functions involved in substation operation nor their allocation within the SA System
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The Objectives…
The standard should ensure, among others, the following features
Based on existing communication standardsOpen protocols will support self descriptive devicesAble to add a new functionalityBased on data objects related to the electric power industry.SAS being one element in the overall power control system
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IEC 61850 – Original scope
Bay Control ProtectionProtection
Station Level Equipment
Remote Control (NCC) Technical Services
CT/VT Switch- gear CT/VT Switch-
gear
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The goal of the IEC 61850 standard
InteroperabilityExchange information between IED’s (Intelligent Electronic Device) from several manufacturersUse this information for the own function
Free ConfigurationFree allocation of functions to devicesSupport any philosophy of our customer – centralized or decentralized systems
Long Term StabilityFuture proofFollow progress in mainstream communication technologyFollow evolving system requirements needed by our customers
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Data
TCP/IP Network
Application data and communication
Information Models
Logical Nodes and Data(IEC 61850-7-4 / -7-3)
Information Exchange
Service Interface (Abstract)(IEC 61850-7-2)
CommunicationProtocols
Mapping to e.g. MMS and TCP/IP/Ethernet(IEC 61850-8-1 / -9-2)
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The Contents of IEC 61850, Ed 1
ConfigurationPart 6: Configuration Lan-
guage for electrical Substation IED’s
TestingPart 10: Conform. Testing
Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM)Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and ISO/IEC 8802-3Part 9-1: Sampled Values over Serial Unidirectional
Multidrop Point-to-Point linkPart 9-2: Sampled Values over ISO/IEC 8802-3
Data ModelsBasic Communication Structure for Substations and Feeder Equipment
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Abstract Comm. ServicesBasic Communication Structure for Substations and Feeder Equipment
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services (ACSI)Part 7-1: Principles and Models
System AspectsPart 1: Introduction and
OverviewPart 2: GlossaryPart 3: General RequirementsPart 4: System and Project
ManagementPart 5: Comm Requirements
for Functions and Device Models
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Data model and information exchange
IEDIntelligentElectronic
Device
Has a DATA MODEL that can be accessed
The WHAT to exchange (IEC 61850-7- 4 and 61850- 7-3)
RequestRequest
ResponseResponse
„Event“„Event“
The HOW to exchange (IEC 61850-7-2)
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The IED – Intelligent electronic device
QA1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QC1
QB1
T1 An IED is a physical device that implements a part of the substation automation
functionality
Bay Controller
Main 1 Protection
Main 2 Protection
Meter
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Primary technologySecondary technology
PDIS
Logical nodes represent core functions
XSWIXSWI
SIMG
XCBR
SIMG
PTOC
MMXU
CSWI
CSWI
SIMG
TVTR
TCTR
A logical node is a container for
function related data
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Example: LN XCBR (extract)
Data Name TypeMode INC enable / disableEEHealth INS ok / warning / alarmEEName DPL Name plateOpCnt INS operation counter
Common LN Information
Pos DPC Position (control / status)BlkOpn SPC Block openingBlkCls SPC Block closingChaMotEna SPC Charger motor enabled
Controls values
ExplanationXCBR
CBOpCap INS op. capability (o-c...)POWCap INS point on wave capabilityMaxOpCap INS maximal op. capability
Status information
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Example: CDC measured value (MV)
instMag AnalogValuemag AnalogValuerange ENUMERATEDq Qualityt TimeStamp
Measured values
db INT32UzeroDb INT32UsVC ScaledValueConfigrangeC RangeConfigd Visible String255
Configuration and description
subEna BOOLEANsubMag AnalogValuesubQ QualitysubID Visible String64
Substitution
MV = Measured ValueData Attr Type
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Device Capability
The configuration description
Formal configuration description language Based on modern internet technologiesA set of standardized files that can be exchanged between tools
Substation Configuration Description
System Specification
Device Capability
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IEC 61850 communication
Uses the strengths of the OSI 7 layer communication model Station bus
Communication between IED and master stationsData sent event driven from IED to master (Buffered or un-buffered)Inter IED data exchange through multi-cast GOOSE messages
Process busCommunication between plant equipment and IEDs (switchgear, Instrument transformers)Event driven or GOOSE as with station busExchange of sampled values
Bus separation is becoming less distinct
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Physical Device
ACSI ServerDataData
Physical Device
ACSI Client
Application
Data
Physical Device
ACSI ServerDataData
Application
Data
Physical Device
Application
reports
req / rsp
req / rsp
Client / Server communication
Communication concepts
Application of “client – server” communication typical SCADA application like control of switchgear or transmission of events (Reporting)Store and retrieve sequence of events(log)Transfer of files (i.e. Comtrade files)
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Physical Device
ACSI ServerDataData
Physical Device
ACSI Client
Application
Data
Physical Device
ACSI ServerDataData
Application
Data
Physical Device
Application
GOOSE Message Sampled Values
multicast
Publisher-subscriber communication;
time critical
Applications of “publisher- subscriber" communicationtripping of circuit breakers; interlocking - short information that needs to be transmitted with a low probability of loss within a few millisecondstransmission of sampled values from instrumental transformers: high amount of data, to be transmitted within a few milliseconds, loss of data needs to be detected
Communication concepts
Publisher
Subscriber
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Mapping IEC 61850-8-1, -9-1, -9-2
ApplicationObjectsServices
7654321
ISO/OSIseven layer stack
From application to communication
Substation Application; long term stable(IEC 61850-7-3 and –7-4)
State-of-art communication technology; fast changing
Abstract interface(IEC 61850-7-2)
Stack interface
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Abstract communication service interface (ACSI)
Ethernet
Communication stack with MMS
and TCP/IP
Client-serverPubl-subscr
Ethertype
Communication protocols
Use of state of the art communication protocols like TCP/IP and Ethernet with priority tagging
Immediate benefit from progress in communication technology (e.g. higher bandwidth and scalable configuration)
Application
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An example – measuring voltage
QA1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QC1
QB1
T1Bay Controller
VA=220.1kV VB=220.2kVVC=220.1kV
Station Controller
Current waveform
Voltage waveform
Calculated values
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The data model – logical nodes
QA1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QC1
QB1
T1Bay Controller
VA=220.1kV VB=220.2kVVC=220.1kV
Station Controller
TCTR
TVTR
MMXU
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Data and data attributes
QA1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QC1
QB1
T1Bay Controller
VA=220.1kV VB=220.2kVVC=220.1kV
Station Controller
MMXU.PhV.phsA.cVal.magMMXU.PhV.phsB.cVal.magMMXU.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag
A_TVTR.Vol.instMag
B_TVTR.Vol.instMag
C_TVTR.Vol.instMag
A_TCTR.Amp.instMag
B_TCTR.Amp.instMag
C_TCTR.Amp.instMag
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Communication services
QA1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QC1
QB1
T1Bay Controller
VA=220.1kV VB=220.2kVVC=220.1kV
Station Controller
Client Server
GetDataValues
PublisherSubscriber
sampled values
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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (1)
QA1
QC1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QB1 QE1
Q1 Q2 Q6
QA1
QC1
QE1
QE2
QE3
QB1
LD Q1QA1CSWI1
QA1CILO1
QA1XCBR1
QB1CSWI2
QB1CILO2
QB1XSWI2…
LD Q6QE1CSWI1
QE1CILO1
QE1XSWI1
LD Q2QA1CSWI1
QA1CILO1
QA1XCBR1
QB1CSWI2
QB1CILO2
QB1XSWI2…
EnaCls[QA1] = f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, …)
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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (2)
LD Q1QA1CSWI1
QA1CILO1
QA1XCBR1
QB1CSWI2
QB1CILO2
QB1XSWI2…
LD Q6QE1CSWI1
QE1CILO1
QE1XSWI1
LD Q2QA1CSWI1
QA1CILO1
QA1XCBR1
QB1CSWI2
QB1CILO2
QB1XSWI2…
EnaCls[QA1] = f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, …)
Dataset Q6/InterlockQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stValQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.qQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stSeld
Open Valid FALSE | n
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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (3)
LD Q1
QA1CILO1
EnaOpnEnaClsQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stVal
QB1CSWI2.Pos.stVal…
QB1CSWI2
Open Valid FALSE | n
Dataset Q6/InterlockOpen Valid FALSE
f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, …)
Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stValQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.qQ6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stSeld
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Content
Introduction to IEC 61850
IEC 61850 beyond the substationEdition 2 of IEC 61850
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Activities related to IEC 61850
Used in numerous projects around the worldUsage of the concepts as well in
Wind energyHydro power plantsDistributed energy resources
Extension of the scopeCommunication between the equipment at the two ends of a power lineCommunication towards the control center
Harmonization with CIM (Common Interface Model)
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Extended scope of IEC 61850
Generation
Transmission Substation Distribution
Substation
Area Control
Regional Control
DER
New Title:Communication
network and systems for power utility
automation
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Document Naming and Numbering
Numbering for domain specific extensionsx00 – Substation automationx10 – Hydro power plantsx20 – Distributed energy resources
IEC 61850-7-410 – Logical nodes for hydro power plantsIEC 61850-7-420 – Logical nodes for distributed energy resources
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New documents planned
New part IEC 61850-90-x – Reports “How to use…”
IEC 61850-90-1: Using IEC 61850 for communication between substationsIEC 61850-90-2: Using IEC 61850 for communication between substations and control centerIEC 61850-90-3: Using IEC 61850 for condition monitoringIEC 61850-90-4: Network engineering guidelines
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New documents planned
Series of documents describing the use of the logical nodes to model the application functions
IEC 61850-7-500 – Use of logical nodes to model the functions of a substation automation systemIEC 61850-7-510 – Use of logical nodes to model the functions of a hydro power plant
Work on these parts has just started
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IEC 61850-90-1 use cases
Protection functionsDifferential protectionDistance protection with permissive and blocking schemesDirectional and phase comparison protectionTransfer tripping
Control functionAutoreclosingInterlockingGenerator and load shedding
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Communication aspects
Contr Prot ContrProt
TeleprTelepr
Gateway approach
Contr Prot ContrProt
Tunneling approach
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Engineering aspects
SEDSCD1 SCD2
IED AA1F1
Substation AA1
IEC 61850, Subnet AA1WA1
WANIED AA1F2 (Teleprot.)
IED AA2F1
Substation AA2
IEC 61850, Subnet AA2WA1
IED AA2F2 (Teleprot.)
Teleprotection ChannelSubnet A12WA1
Gateway approach
IED AA1F1
Substation AA1
IEC 61850, Subnet AA1WA1
WAN
IED AA1F2 (Teleprot.)
IED AA2F1
Substation AA2
IED AA2F2 (Teleprot.)
SW1 SW2
Tunneling approach
SCD1 SCD2
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Application example - PUTT
Zone 1 (Underreach)Zone 2 (Overreach)
Zone 1 (Underreach)Zone 2 (Overreach)
Zone 1
Zone 2OR& Trip Brk
Zone 1
Zone 2OR &Trip Brk
Comm Channel
Permit Permit
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Modeling in IEC 61850
Comm Channel
Zone 1
Zone 2OR& Trip Brk
PermitZone 1
Zone 2OR &Trip Brk
Permit
Protection IED
PDIS1
PDIS2
PTRC
PSCH
Trip Brk
Permit
TeleprotEquipment
PSCH
RTPC
Protection IED
PDIS1
PDIS2
PTRC
PSCH
Trip Brk
Permit
TeleprotEquipment
PSCH
RTPC
Comm Channel
Gateway approach
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Modeling in IEC 61850
Comm Channel
Zone 1
Zone 2OR& Trip Brk
PermitZone 1
Zone 2OR &Trip Brk
Permit
Protection IED
PDIS1
PDIS2
PTRC
PSCH
Trip Brk
Permit
Protection IED
PDIS1
PDIS2
PTRC
PSCH
Trip Brk
Permit
Tunneling approach
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IEC 61850-90-2 use cases
SCADADisturbance recordingMeteringWide area monitoringPower quality monitoringAsset supervisionManagement of remote parameter and configuration changes
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Why an edition 2?
Clarification of TISSUES (Technical ISSUES)
Errors in Edition 1, e.g. Inconsistencies between the different partsAmbiguities that result in different interpretations by different implementors
New requirements on the base functionalities from the use in new application domainsModeling of Power Quality Metering
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How are problems handled?
No specification is perfectProblems are identified, when the specification is implemented
Through the development teamThrough the usersDuring conformance test of equipmentDuring interoperability testsDuring system tests
Solutions need to be found outside the standardization process, but need a solid base
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TestLabs Projects
Quality process
IEC TC57WorkingGroups
ProductDevelop-
ment
TestSystem
Develop- ment
Test Systems
Specifications
Test CasesProducts (IEDs and
Tools)CertifiedProducts
Operationof system
QualityAssuranceProgram
Problem Reports
Fast Fixes
Medium Term Fixes
Final Fixes
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TISSUES and interoperability
Some TISSUES impact interoperabilityThese TISSUES are specifically identified in the TISSUE database
A implementation conform to IEC 61850 refers to Edition 1 and a list of TISSUES
Product suppliers must specify, which TISSUES are consideredA conformance test must specify, against which TISSUES a test was done
Document 57/963/INF of IEC provides a list of TISSUES to be considered
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Roadmap for Edition 2
Part 6 (Engineering) and 7-x (Models and ACSI) are realised as a first package
CDV has been circulatedFDIS will be finalised in Meeting in June
Part 8-1 / 9-2 (Mappings) circulated as CDVPart 5 (Requirements) in preparation for CDVPart 1 (Introduction), 3 (General requirements), 4 (Engineering) and 10 (Conformance testing) will be realized in a second package
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New modeling issues
Documentation of inputs to LNsInRef – Reference to a object (dataAttribute) that is bound to an input of the LN
Creation of functional hierarchiesGrRef – used as a reference to a higher level logical device for implementing a functional hierarchy
Information about local timeIn name plate of device: Time zone information (Offset to UTC, support of daylight saving time, daylight saving time active)In LLN0: Two data objects (TSG) to set time for switch between standard and daylight saving time
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New modeling issues
New models for power quality metering – new logical nodes and extensions of existing logical nodes
RMS voltage variation (e.g. sags/swells) according to IEC 61000-4-30 and IEEE 1159Transients (according to IEEE 1159)Unbalance variationFrequency variation
Modeling of statistical evaluation of informationCalculation of e.g. the minimum or maximum value in a certain periodPossibility to store evaluated values (e.g. maximum per hour for the last 24 hours)
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CSWI
Control Hierarchies
Loc is the behavior at that level – it is influenced by LocKeyLocSta can be a controllable objectRoles define access rights of remote control
XCBR
Bay control
Station control
Remote control
I0
TF
T
F
Loc
LocT
F
LocSta
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Statistical and historical - principle
LOG
LogEntryLogEntryLogEntry
statistical historical values
Store (log entry)
calc
ulat
e
calc
ulat
e
src
src
LN XXYZ2
ClcMth [MIN]ClcPerms INGClcSrc ORGClcExp SPSClcStr SPCData1 MVData2 WYE
statistical values
LN XXYZ2
ClcMth [MAX]ClcPerms INGClcSrc ORGClcExp SPSClcStr SPCData1 MVData2 WYE
instantaneous valuesLN XXYZ
ClcMth [PRES]Data1 MVData2 WYE
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New data objects for statistical
ClcMth – calculation method (PRES | MIN | MAX | AVG | SDV | TREND | RATE)ClcMod – calculation mode (TOTAL | PERIODE | SLIDING)ClcIntvTyp – calculation interval type (ANYTIME | CYCLE | PER_CYCLE | HOUR | DAY | WEEK)ClcSrc – reference to source LNClcPerms – calculation period in msClcExp – calculation period expiredClcStr – calculation startClcTyp – calculation type (default = True RMS)
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New and modified LNs for power quality
Transients (according to IEEE 1159)QVTR, QITR
Unbalance VariationsQVUB, QIUB
Frequency Variations (according to EN 50160 and 61000-4-30)QFVR
RMS Voltage Variations (sags/swells/momentary according to IEC 61000-4-30 and IEEE 1159)
QVVR Events
Voltage Fluctuations (flicker according to IEC 61000-4-15)MFLK Power in non-sinusoidal situations (according to IEEE 1459)MADV Harmonics and interharmonics (according to IEC 61000-4-7)MHAI Sequence and unbalanceMSQI General power parametersMMXU
Steady StateDescriptionLN
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New and modified CDCs
ENS, ENC and ENG – in addition to INS, INC and ING; to differentiate between enumerated and real integerHST – HistogramAPC and BAC – controllable analog process value and binary controlled analog valueORG – object reference settingTSG – Time settingCUG – Currency settingCSG – Curve shape setting (multiple instances can be used for a three dimensional shape)DPL has been extended with time zone information, owner information and GPS position
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CDC Histogram (HST)
numPts INT16UhstCnt ARRAY 1..numPts
OF INT32q Qualityt TimeStamp
Status values
hstRangeC ARRAY 1..numPtsOF Cells
xUnits UnityUnits Unitd Visible String255
Configuration and description
HST = HistogramData Attr Type
Values > hstRangeC(3)
hstRangeUnits
Counts
hstCnt(1)
hstCnt(2)
hstCnt(3)
hstRangeC
(1)
hstRangeC
(2) hstR
angeC(3)
Example: 1
dimensio
nal
Histogram
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Modeling curves - CSG
pointZ FLOAT32xUnit UnitxD VISIBLE STRING255yUnit UnityD VISIBLE STRING255numPts INT16UcrvPts ARRAY 1..numPts
OF Point
Setting (or setting group)
CSG Curve Shape SettingData Attr Type
d VISIBLE STRING255Configuration and description
crvPts(2)
y
xcrvPts(0)
crvPts(1) y x
zpointZ
Crv0 (CSG)Crv1 (CSG)
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Device name plate - DPL
Product related data (Vendor, HW and SW revision, serial number, model)Operator related data (Location, owner, name of electric power system, role of the device, primary and secondary operator)GPS position (Latitude, longitude and altitude)Time zone information (Offset to UTC, support of daylight saving time, daylight saving time active)Unique identification of an asset or device (master resource ID)
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Data acquisition in IEC 61850
Electricale.g. TCTR
Non electricale.g. TPRS
Measuring(Sensors)
Txxx
Analysing
ProcessingMxxx
VA=220.1kV VB=220.2kVVC=220.1kV
ProtectionPxxx
SupervisionSxxx
Trip
TripStart
Cond monitorSxxx
Al1=TRUE
System decides to take actions
standardization of semantic required
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New logical nodes
New group K - mechanical and non-electrical
fan, filter, pump, …
Group S – SensorsVibration, Temperature
Group T – TransducersAngle, liquid flow rate, frequency, humidity, media level, vibration, …
Group P – ProtectionRotor protection, …
Group Z – Power system equipmentSynchronous machine
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SCL – New File Types
New file types have been introduced to extend the usage of SCL.iid – to support exchange of IED modifications on an IED instance engineered specifically for a project back from the IED tool to the system tool.sed – to support exchange of system interfacing information between two projects handling two systems which need to exchange data
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Clarification of .icd file
For flexible IEDs, there exists multiple .icd filesAn flexible IED can be seen as a IED class that supports many functionalities, but not all at the same timeAn .icd file represents a implementable subset of an IED class
IED classall functional capabilitiesnot implementable
ICD 1implementable
subset 1ICD 2
implementable subset 2
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.scd
System configurator
Substation(Class)
.icdTEMPLATE
.icd
preconfigure
IED configurator
instantiate
IED1 IED2
.cidProprietary files
IED engineering
IED configurator
IED2
reimport / update
IED2.iid
Use of SCL – summary
Specification
.ssdSpecification tool
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SCL – Data exchange between projects
Engineering of online data flow between projectsExample of projects
Two substations exchanging data for e.g. line protectionTwo voltage levels within the substation
RulesAn IED belongs to one projectA project can transfer rights for dataflow engineering to another projectTransfer is done with .sed (System Exchange Description) file
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SCL conformance statements
IED configurator conformance statements.icd export.scd import.iid exportTool functionality
System configurator conformance statements.icd and .iid import and usageCommunication engineeringData flow engineering.scd substation section handling.scd modifications, export and import.sed handling
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Conclusions
Use of IEC 61850 in substations is well establishedThe standards are ready to use IEC 61850 as well in generation
FutureIEC 61850 will as backbone for operation and management of the power system enable Smart Grids