Chiroptera (hand-wing)
Modes of Flight• Bats– High speed w/ extreme maneuverability.– Can fly up to ________but average about ______– Bats _________ and _______ on the wing.
Order Chiroptera
• Only __________________• Date to Eocene (50 mya)• worldwide– 17 families– 170 genera– _______________
• Suborders– ________________-flying foxes of tropics– ________________-worldwide
Basic Bat : Townsend’s big-eared bat.
Modes of Flight:
Flight surface is covered with skin and supported by :
What is the fifth finger used for?_______________________Why is the pelvis so small and the thoracic region so large?______________________________________________
basic body plan of bat video
Echolocation• occurs only in the
.– Sound is produced in the .– Sound is emitted through the
.– Echolocation is used for catching prey and flying.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/wss&CISOPTR=1001
So how can the bat be removed?????
How echolocation works: Animals calls, then to the echoes that return from various objects. They use these echoes to and the objects.
Echolocation
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animals/bats-videos.htm
• Why can we hear some of the bat sounds and not others?___________________________.
• bats such as the ___________ we can not hear.
• _____________: Humans hear sounds ranging up to 20 kHz, while most bats use a broader range (from about 9 kHz to 200+ kHz)
Echolocation• Why we can we hear some of the bat sounds and
not others. Video explanation.• Whispering bats such as the vampire bat we can not
hear• Humans hear sounds ranging up to 20 kHz, while
most bats use a broader range (from about 9 kHz to 200+ kHz)
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animals/bats-videos.htm
Echolocation• Used primarily by and piscivores bats why?__________________________________
– Molossids– Noctilionids– Vespertilionids
• Some bats emit the pulses through the .– Rhinolophids.
• Why use high frequency sounds?– High frequency in air.
MicrochiropteraMicrochiroptera
Bat Diversity• Earliest bat fossils are from the early Eocene
of North America:– Icaronycteris index
• There are no intermediate forms - earliest bats are good bats. Why?_______________________ Mosquito
100 mya
Bat Fossil 50 mya
the
Long Island Bats• all are, ‘evening’ bats
• all are , hence migrate or hibernate
• found on Long Island
• Where do these bats roost?____________________
Little Brown MyotisMyotis lucifugus
Little Brown MyotisJust the facts:• NY’s most common bat• 6-9 grams• may live to _______________• favors ponds and streams for foraging• forages at about 13 mph, 3-6 m above ground• mate in early autumn; fertilization in spring; 50-60 day gestation• move to maternity colonies of hundreds• born after 30 minute labor in late May weighing1.5 grams• reaches sexual maturity at 8 mos.• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brjYYaZavoQ&safety_mode=t
rue&persist_safety_mode=1
Little Brown Myotis __________
Northern MyotisMyotis septontrionalis
Formerly Keen’s Myotis, Myotis keenii
Indiana Myotis/Pink-faced BatMyotis sodalis
Federally Endangered
Small-footed MyotisMyotis leibii
Threatened
Silver-haired BatLasionycteris noctivagans
Eastern PipistrellePipistrellus subflavus
Big Brown BatEptesicus fuscus
Red BatLasiurus borealis
Hoary BatLasiurus cinereus
Vampire Bat
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/bats/bat_woollyfalsevampire_eatsbat.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFAjf_kwwg0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1http://animal.discovery.com/videos/raw-nature-vampire-bats.html
Based on the pastVideo, Vampire bats cause what Illness: __________
Comparisons of Deaths in the U.S. to Bat Rabies:
Bat Transmitted Rabies (1980-2000): _______________
Accidents Involving Deer: 200 people per year
Lightning Strikes: about 90 people per year
Dog attacks: 15-25 people per year
Toppling Vending Machines: 2.2 people per year (So, more people are killed from toppling vending machines than bat rabies)Still Please Don't Pick Up or Touch Any Bats!
Megachiroptera• Pteropodidae– Also called ____________and flying
foxes and found only in the tropics.– 154 species– Predominantly nocturnal – ________ body sizes ranging from 15g to 1.6Kg. (up to 5 feet and 3
pounds)– They are specialized for feeding on
fruit and nectar. (Crush and drink the fruit _________)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhMXptEj6z8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
No Echolocation: Megachiroptera Contrary to popular belief, not all
bats can . , they do not
echolocate like _____________. Large-bodied, and feed on
, and . They rely mainly on and to find food and are often referred to as flying foxes because many have dog-like faces.
http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlife-ecosystems/wildlife/sounds/black_flying_fox.mp3
MegachiropteraSpecies
__________________________________(Largest Bat, 5 feet)
Flying foxes(bats)
Fruit bats