Chemistry-Standards#63-Describe the importance of studying
fundamental chemistry as it relates to cosmetology
#64Define organic, inorganic chemistry, matter and composition of elements, compounds and mixtures
#65-Define acids and alkalies and be able to chart cosmetic chemicals on PH scale
Opening ActivityDivide into groups of 4Write down everything they did between
waking up this morning and getting to schoolUpon completion of the list-check off the
activity that involved chemistryExample: brush teeth-chemistry of water
chemistryMatter-Anything that occupies space, has
physical and chemical properties and exists as either a solid, liquid, or gas
ElementsComposed of a single part or unitCannot be reduced to simpler substanceThere are 90 naturally occurring elementsThere are 22 more elements that are made
artificially. All matter in the universe is made up of one or more of these 90 elements
They are identified by a letter symbol. Examples:
States of MatterAll matter exists in three different physical
forms, solid, liquid or gas. Matter takes on one of these forms or states depending on its temperature
Solids-Have definite shapeLiquid-Have definite volume and weight, but
not definite shape (water)Gases- Do not have definite volume or shape
(steam)
Physical and Chemical PropertiesPhysical properties-Those characteristics
determined without a chemical reaction; do not cause a chemical change in the identity of a substance
ColorOdorWeightDensitySpecific GravityMelting PointBoiling PointHardness
Chemical PropertiesThose characteristics than can only be
determined with a chemical reaction and cause a chemical change in the identity of a substance.
Examples: rusting iron
Physical ChangeChanges the form without forming a new
substanceExample: solid ice melts and becomes water
Chemical ChangeA new substance or substances are formed
having properties different from the original.Wood into charcoalPermanent hair color. Oxidation develops
the dye in the color and creates a chemical change in the hair. The oxidation causes a chemical change in both the hair color product and the structure of the hair
PURE SUBSTANCESMatter with a fixed chemical composition,
definite proportions, and distinct propertiesElemental molecules-Two or more atoms
united physicallyChemical compounds-Combinations of two or
more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct properties.
PHYSICAL MIXTURESA SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ELEMENTS
COMBINED PHYSICALLY THAT THAN CHEMICALLY
Example: Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel and cement, sand and gravel are held together by the cement, they retain their identity
SolutionA blended mixture of two or more solids,
liquids, or gaseous substancesSolute- the dissolved substance in a solutionSolvent-the substance, usually liquid, which
dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition
Example: kool-aid-solute
SuspensionA state in which solid particles are
distributed throughout a liquid medium. They have a tendency to separate over time;
Example: salad dressing
EmulsionA mixture of two or more
immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder or emulsifier. They have a tendency to separate over time, but if properly formulated can be stable for at least 3 years.
SurfactantsSubstances that act as a bridge to allow oil
and water to mix, or emulsify. A contraction for “surface active agent”
Other Physical MixturesOintments-semisolid mixtures made with any
combination of petrolatum, oil, and wax include pastes, pomades, and styling waxes
Powders-A physical mixture of two solids. Free-flowing powders are rarely found in cosmetics; Powders that tend to stick together such as talc, are more common
reviewDefine chemistryWhy is a basic understanding of chemistry important?What is the difference between organic and inorganic
chemistryWhat are atoms?What are elements?What are the chemical and physical properties of
matter?What is the difference between physical and chemical
changesDescribe the three states of matter