Chapters Two and Three
Structure and Function of the Nervous System
The Organization of the Nervous System
Organization of the Nervous System
The central nervous system
•Brain
•Spinal Cord
The central nervous systemTwo important areas
Reward System Hypothalamus
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The Peripheral Nervous System
– Somatic nervous system:• Controls the movement of skeletal muscles or
transmits somatosensory information to the central nervous system.
– Autonomic nervous system:• Controls the body’s vegetative functions.• “fight or flight” response
• Sympathetic division:– Controls functions that accompany arousal and expenditure of
energy.
• Parasympathetic division:– Controls functions that occur during a relaxed state.
Autonomic Nervous System
• Sympathetic
•Parasympathetic
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Parts of a neuron
Transporting items inside a neuron
Parts of a neuron
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Interaction of Axons and DendritesInteraction of axons and dendritesThe Synapse
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Neuron Communication
Presynaptic Neuron:
Postsynaptic Neuron:
Chemical SynapseNeurotransmitters Are Released in Exocytosis
Releasing the neurotransmitter into the synapse
Two Types of ReceptorsIonotropic receptors
Receptor:
Ligand:
Two Types of Receptors Metabotropic receptors
Two Types of Receptors Metabotropic receptors
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Lifespan of a neurotransmitter
1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Action on the target cell
5. Deactivation
Neurotransmitter inactivation
Terminal autoreceptors
Summary of the mechanisms by which drugs can alter synaptic transmission
Major endocrine glands and their location in the body
Organization of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis
3.15 Comparison of synaptic versus endocrine communication