Chapter 8 NotesChapter 8 NotesThe Federalist EraThe Federalist Era

1789-18001789-1800

The First PresidentThe First PresidentPresident Washington - 1789President Washington - 1789 1) John Adams – vice-president1) John Adams – vice-president

2) Set up court system & added 2) Set up court system & added Bill of RightsBill of Rights

A. A. The First CongressThe First Congress 1) Set up 3 Depts. In Executive 1) Set up 3 Depts. In Executive

BranchBranch * * State Dept.State Dept. – Thomas Jefferson – Thomas Jefferson * * Dept. of TreasuryDept. of Treasury – Alexander – Alexander

HamiltonHamilton * * Dept. of WarDept. of War – Henry Knox – Henry Knox

B. B. Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789::1) Established the 1) Established the Supreme CourtSupreme Court2) Federal Court system, but 2) Federal Court system, but allowed each state to create allowed each state to create laws laws as wellas well

* Supreme Court could * Supreme Court could overrule overrule state laws state laws (final (final authority)authority)

C. C. The Bill of Rights – 1The Bill of Rights – 1stst 10 10 Amendments (additions)Amendments (additions)

1) 1) Limits the powers of governmentLimits the powers of government 2) Americans feared strong central 2) Americans feared strong central

govt.govt. 3) Protects rights of individuals 3) Protects rights of individuals (speech, crimes, etc.)(speech, crimes, etc.)

The New Country’s EconomyThe New Country’s EconomyA. A. Hamilton’s PlanHamilton’s Plan

1) Needed to find a way to 1) Needed to find a way to strengthen our nation & improve strengthen our nation & improve our financial reputation at the our financial reputation at the same timesame time 2) Decided govt. should pay back all 2) Decided govt. should pay back all

money owed to statesmoney owed to states 3) Felt this would give states a strong 3) Felt this would give states a strong

interest in the success of interest in the success of national national govt.govt.

B. B. Opposition to the PlanOpposition to the Plan 1) Congress agreed to pay other 1) Congress agreed to pay other nations but not statesnations but not states

Bill of Rights

AlexanderHamilton

C. C. Compromise Gives a CapitalCompromise Gives a Capital 1) Hamilton got southern states to 1) Hamilton got southern states to support his plan.support his plan. 2) In return, National Capital was moved 2) In return, National Capital was moved

to the southto the south 3) Between Virginia & Maryland3) Between Virginia & Maryland

D. D. Fight Over National BankFight Over National Bank 1)1) Would be owned by private Would be owned by private investors & national govt.investors & national govt. 2) Some believed would only benefit the 2) Some believed would only benefit the

wealthywealthy 3) Washington approved national bank.3) Washington approved national bank.

E. E. Tariffs & TaxesTariffs & Taxes 1) Hamilton also had congress approve 1) Hamilton also had congress approve

a variety of taxesa variety of taxes * whiskey,* whiskey, * Imports, etc.* Imports, etc.

2) This created money to pay back 2) This created money to pay back national debtnational debt 3) Jefferson feared govt. might become 3) Jefferson feared govt. might become

too powerfultoo powerful

Early ChallengesEarly ChallengesThe Whiskey Rebellion & the WestThe Whiskey Rebellion & the WestA. A. The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

1) Farmers protested tax with 1) Farmers protested tax with violenceviolence 2) Washington crushed the 2) Washington crushed the rebellionrebellion 3) Sent the message that govt. 3) Sent the message that govt. would use force to maintain would use force to maintain social ordersocial order

B. B. Struggle Over the WestStruggle Over the West 1) Disputes with Native 1) Disputes with Native Americans for land west of Americans for land west of the Appalachian Mtns. led to the Appalachian Mtns. led to two warstwo wars 2) After the two wars, Native Am. 2) After the two wars, Native Am.

surrendered most of their surrendered most of their land land in present day Ohioin present day Ohio

Problems with EuropeProblems with EuropeA. A. Washington Proclaims Washington Proclaims

NeutralityNeutrality1) 1) Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty – British agreed – British agreed

to withdraw from to withdraw from American American soilsoil

B. B. Treaty with SpainTreaty with Spain1) 1) Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty – gave – gave Americans free navigation Americans free navigation of of the Mississippi the Mississippi River & right River & right to trade at to trade at New OrleansNew Orleans

C. C. Washington’s FarewellWashington’s Farewell 1) Didn’t run for a 31) Didn’t run for a 3rdrd term term 2) Influenced foreign policy for 2) Influenced foreign policy for

more than 100 yearsmore than 100 yearsJay’s Treaty – Strengthened RelationsWith Great Britain

The First Political PartiesThe First Political PartiesOpposing ViewsOpposing ViewsA. A. Political Parties EmergePolitical Parties Emerge

1) By mid-1790’s, two parties form1) By mid-1790’s, two parties form 2) 2) FederalistsFederalists – supported strong federal govt. – supported strong federal govt. * Admired the British govt.* Admired the British govt. * Favored banking & shipping interests* Favored banking & shipping interests * Most support came from northeast* Most support came from northeast 3)3) Republicans – Republicans – wanted limited govt. powerwanted limited govt. power * Supported French govt.* Supported French govt. * Favored small farmers & urban workers* Favored small farmers & urban workers * Most support came from south* Most support came from south

B. B. Views of the ConstitutionViews of the Constitution 1) Federalists – believed constitution gave the govt. 1) Federalists – believed constitution gave the govt. “implied powers”“implied powers” 2) Republicans – believed govt. should have 2) Republicans – believed govt. should have “strict “strict interpretation”interpretation” of the constitution of the constitution

C. C. The People’s RoleThe People’s Role 1) 1) FederalistsFederalists believed in representative govt. believed in representative govt. (elected officials rule in name of the people)(elected officials rule in name of the people) 2) Believed that only honest, educated men with 2) Believed that only honest, educated men with property should lead our govt.property should lead our govt.3) 3) RepublicansRepublicans – Feared strong central govt. – Feared strong central govt.4) Felt it would be more safe if “ordinary” 4) Felt it would be more safe if “ordinary” people people

participated participated D. D. The Election of 1796The Election of 1796

1) First election with rival parties1) First election with rival parties2) 2) FederalistFederalist- former V.P. - former V.P. John AdamsJohn Adams3) 3) RepublicansRepublicans – – Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson4) Adams – 71 votes, Jefferson 68 votes4) Adams – 71 votes, Jefferson 68 votes

* Person with most votes – Pres.* Person with most votes – Pres.* Second most votes – V.P.* Second most votes – V.P.*** Had a Fed. Pres. & a Rep. V.P*** Had a Fed. Pres. & a Rep. V.P

President John AdamsPresident John AdamsA. A. The XYZ AffairThe XYZ Affair

1) France seized American 1) France seized American shipsships 2) France sent three agents 2) France sent three agents (referred to (referred to as X Y & Z) to as X Y & Z) to ask for a bribe. - Refused ask for a bribe. - Refused by by America and prepared for warAmerica and prepared for war

B. B. Alien & Sedition ActsAlien & Sedition Acts 1) As public anger rose toward 1) As public anger rose toward France, many questioned France, many questioned loyalty loyalty of immigrants.of immigrants. 2) Federalist implemented strict 2) Federalist implemented strict laws to protect national laws to protect national security.security.

* * Alien ActAlien Act – allowed Pres. – allowed Pres. to imprison “aliens” to imprison “aliens” (immigrants) (immigrants) * * Sedition ActSedition Act – crime to – crime to speak negatively of govt. speak negatively of govt.

C. C. Domestic & Foreign AffairsDomestic & Foreign Affairs 1) 1) Virginia & KentuckyVirginia & Kentucky ResolutionResolutions – basically s – basically said said Alien& Sedition Acts Alien& Sedition Acts violated the violated the constitutionconstitution

a) Argued for States Rightsa) Argued for States Rights b) Still controversialb) Still controversial

2) In 2) In 18001800 – America signed – America signed peace treaty with France peace treaty with France

3) This treaty hurt Adams 3) This treaty hurt Adams chance for re-election chance for re-election opening the door for opening the door for Jefferson & the Jefferson & the RepublicansRepublicans

Jefferson – wroteVirginia Resolution

Madison – wroteKentucky Resolution