IMMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION
Chapter 7
Section 1
NEW IMMIGRATION
WHAT NATIONALITY ARE YOU?
Nationalities in Class Total Students: Figure out % Create a graph that
represents nationalities Title Axis labels Figures for each
section of graph Color it in!
http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/pie-charts.html
WHAT NATIONALITY ARE YOU? (PICK ONE)
1. Irish2. Italian3. German4. French5. Polish6. Mexican7. Japanese8. Chinese9. Other
• Italy• Austria-Hungary• Russia
• escape religious persecution• Overpopulated• Find good jobs and farmland• freer lives
• China• Japan
• make money• seek fortunes• obtain better paying jobs
• Mexico• Jamaica• Cuba• Puerto Rico• West Indies (islands)
• find work• lived in territories taken over by U.S.• flee political turmoil
1. List basic objects you see? Do they symbolize anything?
2. What people/groups do you see? Who are they or who do they represent?
3. How is the Statue of Liberty portrayed? Why do you think that is?
4. What writing is in the cartoon? What does it say?
5. What is the title?6. Explain the message of
the cartoon.7. How do you think the
illustrator viewed immigration?“Dumping European Garbage”
Judge magazine, 1890
PART B
NATIVE-BORN NEW IMMIGRANTS
RESTRICTIONS Rise of nativism (overt
favoritism towards native-born Americans) “right countries” (anglo-
saxon; Germanic; historically progressive and energetic)
“wrong countries” (slav, latin, asian, historically downtrodden and stagnant)
Religious objections Roman Catholics Jews
ANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENT
Chinese Exclusion Act – banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and gov. officials for ten years. Extended ten additional years Extended indefinately Repealed in 1943
Gentlemen’s Agreement – Japan limit emigration of unskilled workers in exchange for U.S. repealing San Francisco segregation laws.
URBAN OPPORTUNITIES
The People Why was each group drawn to cities in the Northeast and Midwest?
1. Immigrants
2. Farmers
3.African Americans
Urban ProblemsCauses:
Rapid population increase
Low wages
Section 3
POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE
GILDED AGE
Gilded Age – a period of greed and self-indulgence
Rapid growth with inefficient government
Social Darwinism Vulnerable to the
political machines
Political Machines
Local Precinct Captains• In charge of a city block
• Try to gain votes/support for the party (Often 1st or 2nd generation immigrants – related to other
immigrants)• worked with the bosses to elect certain candidates
Ward Bosses• secure votes in all precincts
in a ward (electoral district)• helped the poor and immigrants to gain their votes
(doing favors or providing services such as naturalization for immigrants)
• worked with the bosses to elect certain candidates
City Boss• controlled the activities of the political party throughout the city
• worked with wards and captains to elect certain candidates• Controlled access to municipal jobs and business licenses
• influenced the courts and municipal agencies• influenced by money or votes
“BOSS” TWEED
Political machines often committed fraud
Once won, they would take advantage of graft opportunities and kick backs
Tammany Hall – NYC’s Democratic party political machine
William “Boss” Tweed and his ring used schemes to gain money
Thomas Nast – political cartoonist who helped arouse suspicion.
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
Chapter 8 Section 3
SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION
RESTRICTIONS
VOTING RESTRICTIONS FORMAL RESTRICTIONS
Literacy Test Poll tax Grandfather clause
Jim Crow Laws Public Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Separate but equal Brown v. Board of
Education
RESTRICTIONS (CONT)
INFORMAL RESTRICTIONS
Racial etiquette Violence
Burning Lynching
Job discrimination
Strange Fruit
PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896)
How many Supreme Court justices? _____ How do they become justices? ______________ How long do they serve? _________________ Supreme Court Case terms:
Plaintiff – a person/group who is challenging the lower courts’ decisions
Defense – person/group/law being challenged or accused
Majority opinion – summary of the decision by the court
Dissent – summary of the opinions of the judges who voted against the majority
PAPERS FOR TEST
The New Immigrants (7-1 worksheet) Immigration Webquest How the other Half Lives (7-2
worksheet) Boss Tweed (7-3 worksheet) Segregation and discrimination
worksheet (8-3) Political Cartoon Analysis worksheet