Chapter20.2 & 20.3
EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE NORTH AMERICA & THE ATLANTIC SLAVE
TRADE
Colonies began with the goal of finding trade routes to Asia
The French set up the colony of New France East coast of modern day Canada and
the Northern United States Quebec would be the base of
operations for French conquest of the Americas
French would expand territory into Great Lakes region and Northern Mississippi
Would claims all the lands of the Mississippi
French colonists had little desire to build towns or raise families Very focused on bringing in money Most engaged in the fur trade
COMPETING CLAIMS IN NORTH AMERICA
New France - 1702
NEW FRANCE – 1750
English inspired by French and Spanish Jamestown – First settlement
Very little organization More interested in adventures then establishing infrastructure At first 7-10 would die from conflict/starvation Eventually would thrive on Tobacco
THE ENGLISH ARRIVE
The second colony would be founded in Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
Both colonies founded by groups who faced religious persecution
Faced difficulties but stabilized quickly due to large amount of families
PURITAN NEW ENGLAND
Founded by Henry HudsonAreas around modern day Hudson RiverEstablished as a trading postsDutch not quick to settle the area with
towns Used primarily for financial reasons
Would open its doors to many other cultures to promote settlement with some success
The Dutch, English, and French would also establish colonies in the Caribbean. Lucrative agricultural centers Required large steady work force
Primary cause for African slave trade
THE DUTCH AND NEW NETHERLAND
The English need Dutch lands to unite their colonies Seized the territory with a simple show of force, no shots required
England and France go to war English desire for more territory brings them in contact with the
French War breaks out in Ohio River area This war would include skirmishes all over Caribbean and Indian
colonies
THE STRUGGLE FOR NORTH AMERICA
A FEW ACRES OF SNOW
French and Dutch settler develop a relatively peaceful relationship with Native Americans
English relationships started good but ended very poorly English sought to populate colonies
Required pushing Native Americans off their land Vast amount of land was needed for Tobacco production
English settlers saw Native Americans as heathens or people without faith
NATIVE AMERICANS RESPOND
Conflict begans as early as JamestownKing Phillip’s War
Metacom, or King Phillip, led Indian attacks on Massachusetts villages
Hundreds of people would lose their lives
Ultimately, the Native Americans would succumb to European diseases No immunity led to massive Smallpox
outbreaksEasy expansion led to more land to
farm, more land to farm led to a need for a bigger workforce, which will lead to adopting slavery
SETTLERS AND NATIVE AMERICANS BATTLE
The American colonies are booming with growth but need more workforce to keep up production
Slavery in Africa Slavery existed in Africa for centuries Increased when Muslim invaders took
over regions of Africa In both African and Muslim societies
slaves had some rights Also had some social mobility
Portugal first reaches Africa in the 1400’s but primarily interested in gold
THE CAUSES OF AFRICAN SLAVERY
Why Africans over Native Americans Africans had been exposed to
European diseases and had immunities They had experience in farming Did not know the land so could not
escape Skin color made them stand out
Between 1500-1600 nearly 300,000 African slaves were transported to America
1.3 Million by 17009.5 Million by 1870
AMERICAN DEMAND FOR AFRICANS
Spain began bringing slaves to the Caribbean Plantation, gold, silver mines
Portugal was bringing slaves to Brazil Sugar plantations
England would come to dominate slave trade Brought to Caribbean islands and the modern day United States
SLAVERY SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE AMERICAS
Many African rulers and merchants played willing roles in the slave trade
European traders would meet merchants on the coast
African rulers and merchants would capture and sell trade
Several African rulers did oppose this practice
Nonetheless, the slave trade continued to grow as merchants would work around African leaders not willing to participate
AFRICAN COOPERATION AND RESISTANCE
Along the way millions of Africans diedWere part of Triangle Trade system
Europeans traded manufactured goods to Africa for slaves Europeans sold slaves in the West Indies Brought back tobacco molasses and coffee back to Europe
TRIANGLE TRADE
Millions of Africans died on route to the colonies
Brought along the Middle Passage Known as such because it was
the middle leg of the TriangleSickening cruelty characterized
this journeySlaves were crammed into dark
holdsThey endured beatings and
whippings from merchantsMany would jump overboard to
avoid tortureOthers were overboard if
determined to be sick or a threat
A FORCED JOURNEY
SLAVE SHIPS
SLAVE SHIPS
Those who survived faced an equally difficult lifeSlaves were auctioned off to the highest bidderThey work in mines, fields, or as domestic servantsWorked long days and suffered beatingsLiving conditions were terribleWorking for freedom very rare
SLAVERY IN THE AMERICAS
Slaves managed to keep oral storytelling and music alive
They also found a way to resist Would lower productivity Break tools Uproot plants Thousands ran away Would occasionally break out
in open revolt
RESISTANCE AND REBELLION
In Africa numerous cultures left generations of their strongest members
African families were torn apart It also introduced guns to the continent
which would plunge it into warfareSlavery did help the early colonies
survive, many of which may not have without the labor
African culture also impacted the growing American culture
Africans were not the only cargo travelling across the Atlantic and around the world
Next we will study the Columbian Exchange & Global Trade
CONSEQUENCES OF THE SLAVE TRADE
Why were France’s North American holdings so sparsely populated? (Might want to look-up what sparsely means).
How did Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay colonies differ?
How did the Dutch and French colonies differ from the English colonies in North America?
Why were the French and Dutch able to coexist in peace with the Native Americans?
Why did the issues of land and religion cause such problems between Native Americans and English Settlers?
SECTION 2 – QUESTIONS
What were some characteristics of Muslim and African slavery?
What advantages did Europeans see in enslaving Africans?
Why did many African ruler participate in the Atlantic Slave Trade?
In what ways did enslaved Africans resist their bondage?
What are some of the contributions that Africans have made to the Americas?
SECTION 3 - QUESTIONS