Chapter 2 Properties Chapter 2 Properties of Matterof Matter
2-1 Classifying Matter2-1 Classifying Matter
Objectives1. Classify pure substances as
elements or compounds2. Describe the characteristics of an
element and the symbols used to identify elements
3. Describe the characteristics of a compound
Pure Substances• Matter that always has exactly the same
composition is classified as a __________substance.
• Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, _______ composition.
• Ex – Table ______ (Na) and _____(C6H12O6)• Can be classified into _______ and ______
Elements• ________ is a substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.• _________are the smallest particle of an
element.• An element has a fixed composition
because it contains only_______type of atom.
Examples of Elements• Most are ______– Aluminum (Al)
• Some are _______– Carbon (C)
• Two are liquids are room temperature – ________ (Br) and________ (Hg)
Symbols for Elements• The ______ letter is always
capitalized• If there is a _______ letter it is not
capitalized -Na (sodium)• If the symbol contains only one
letter, it is _______ capitalized - C
Compounds• A _________ is a substance that is made
from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
• A compound always contains ______or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.
• Ex. Water – ______
Mixtures• The _________ of a mixture can
vary because of composition of a mixture is not fixed.
• Example - ________
Beaker Breaker!!1.) Can an element or a compound be
broken down into simpler parts?
2.) What is an example of a pure substance?
3.)What are the building blocks of elements?
What is a mixture?• Variable combination of____ or
more pure substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
What is the difference between a homogeneous
and a heterogeneous substance?
•Heterogeneous: substance whose composition is ______ uniform throughout……always a __________
What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous substance?
•Homogeneous: substance that is __________ (same) in its composition
A mixture may be…•Homogeneous•(______)
•Heterogeneous•(________)
Solutions• When substances ________ and form a
homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a_________.
• Ex: ____ water and _________ wiper fluid
• _______ passes through liquid solutions without being scattered in all directions
Suspensions• A heterogeneous mixture that
________ into layers over time is called a _________.
• Ex: Shaking a jar of _______ and ______
Colloids• A________contains some particles that
are intermediate in size between the small particles in solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
• _______ is a colloid of water droplets in air
• _________ of light is a property of a colloid
Beaker Breaker!!1.) When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous
mixture, the mixture that forms is called a___________.
2.) Is fog an example of a colloid or a suspension?
3.) A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time is called a_____________
Solutions Cont.• Recall that a solution is a
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
• Two components1. _________2. _________
Solutes• A ________ is a substance whose
particles are dissolved in a solution.
Solvents• The substance in which the solute
dissolves is called the ________.
Example• _______ solution• Solute = ______• Solvent = _______
Beaker Breaker!!1.) A__________________is a substance whose
particles are dissolved in a solution.2.) The substance in which the solute
dissolves is called the ___________________.
3.) sugar in water – circle the solvent and underline the solute
2-2 Physical Properties• A _________ property is any
characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material
Examples of physical properties
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Viscosity• The tendency of a liquid to keep
from flowing – __________ to flowing is called ________.
• Example - ________
Conductivity• A material’s ability to allow _______
to flow is called _____________• Example : Metals = ______
conductivity or also know as _________
• Stirring soup with a________spoon verses wooden spoon
Malleability• Malleability is the ability of a solid
to be_________ without shattering.
• Ex gold and ___________
Hardness• One way to compare the hardness
of two materials is to see which of the materials can _________ the other.
• Ex: Kitchen knife (stainless steel) scratching _________
Melting Point and Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a substance changes from a _______to a ______ is its ________point.
• The temperature at which a substance __________ is its _______point
• Ex: _______ at 0 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius
Density• _______can be used to test the purity of
a substance.
• Density = Ex: Silver coin density = 9.9g/cm3
Actual density of silver = 10.5g/cm3
Coin is not _______silver
Beaker Breaker!!1.) Name one of the seven physical
properties________________2.) Which physical property is defined as a
material’s ability to allow heat to flow?
3.) Aluminum and Gold are examples are what physical property?_____________
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
1. ________ is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles
2. ___________ is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their _______ points.
Recognizing Physical Changes
• A __________ change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remains the same.
• Ex: slowly heating butter in a pan –changes from solid to liquid, but the substance in the butter remains the _________.
• _________ a tomato• Crumpling a piece of paper
Chemical Properties• A ________ property is any ability to
produce a change in the___________ of matter.
• Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are ________ into different substances.
Examples1. ___________ is a material’s ability
to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Ex. __________ and _________
Reactivity• The property that describes how readily
a substance combines chemically with other substances is ____________.
• Example – _________ in air________ is highly reactiveNitrogen has a ______ reactivity- _______ is another example
Recognizing Chemical Changes
• A ________ change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more _______ substances.
Examples: cake ______ in oven leaves on trees change ____ food ________ in your
stomach
Three common types of evidence
1. Change in _______
2. The production of a ________
3. The formation of a _________
A change in color• Ex: ________tarnishing a ________ burning then turning
black and shrivels
Production of a Gas• Ex: Combining vinegar and baking
soda – _________of carbon dioxide form
Formation of a Precipitate
• Any __________that forms and separates from a liquid mixture is called a _____________.
• Ex: when acid is added to _____, proteins in the milk undergo a chemical change that alters their structure, causing them to stick together in ___________
Is a change chemical or physical?
• When matter undergoes a chemical change, the _________ of matter changes.
• When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the________.
Beaker Breaker!!1.) What is one of the three common types of evidence
of a chemical change?
2.) Any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture is called a__________
3.) Gasoline and paper is an example of what chemical property?