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Chapter 10XX:Chapter 10XX:PM Emissions from Arable AgriculturePM Emissions from Arable Agriculture
1 Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Institute for Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany2 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,The Netherlands
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Torsten Hinz1 and Klaas van der Hoek2
UNECE Task Force on Emission Inventories and UNECE Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections, Agriculture and Nature PanelProjections, Agriculture and Nature Panel
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Draft review (Segovia 2005)
Only few but critical comments
Leading co-author found, Klaas van der Hoek
Agreement on the chapter’s content in Vienna 2006 (IIASA)
Problems to find reliable data for EF
Main sources are combine harvester and tractors with machinery during soil cultivation
Agriculture and Nature PanelAgriculture and Nature Panel
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Measuring Dust Emission of a Self Propelled Combine Harvester
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h = 2 m c mg/m3
area [104 m2]
balance volume V = 2 ·104 m3
EF10 = c · V · n(n = annual repetitions)
EF10 for Soil Cultivation: Layer Model
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balancing areawind speed
EF10 = c · A · w · t
EF10 for Soil Cultivation: Plume Model
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Some emission data, but how much PM10 will actuallyleave the agricultural field?
Kg PM10 per ha arable land
IIASA IR 02-076 0.1UK ASAE 02-4217 0.5
California Air Resources Board soil cultivation 7Idem wheat combining 5.8German research soil cultivation 1.1Idem harvest operations 5.2
NL harvest operations 0.2
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EPA formula for emissions from agricultural crop tilling
E = c * k * s0.6 * p * a
E = PM emissions in pounds/yearC = 4.8 lbs/acre tillingK = 0.21 for PM10 and K = 0.042 for PM2.5
S = mass fraction < 0.75 um in soil layer 0-10 cmP = nummer of tillings/passes in a yearA = acres of land tilled for each crop type
1 lbs/acre = 1 kg/hectare