Chapter 10

Chapter 10:Chapter 10:Managing the Distributed File Managing the Distributed File

System, Disk Quotas, and System, Disk Quotas, and Software InstallationSoftware Installation

Chapter 10:Chapter 10:Managing the Distributed File Managing the Distributed File

System, Disk Quotas, and System, Disk Quotas, and Software InstallationSoftware Installation

Chapter 10

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Design, configure, and manage the Design, configure, and manage the Distributed File System on a networkDistributed File System on a network

Publish a shared folder and a Publish a shared folder and a Distributed File System shared folder in Distributed File System shared folder in the Active Directorythe Active Directory

Enable and configure disk quotasEnable and configure disk quotas

Chapter 10

Learning Objectives (continued)Learning Objectives (continued)Learning Objectives (continued)Learning Objectives (continued)

Install and manage application softwareInstall and manage application software Edit and configure the Windows 2000 Edit and configure the Windows 2000

Server RegistryServer Registry Set up and use the Microsoft License Set up and use the Microsoft License

ManagerManager

Chapter 10

Distributed File SystemDistributed File SystemDistributed File SystemDistributed File System

Distributed File System (Dfs): A system Distributed File System (Dfs): A system that enables folders shared from that enables folders shared from multiple computers to appear as though multiple computers to appear as though they exist in one centralized hierarchy of they exist in one centralized hierarchy of folders instead of on many different folders instead of on many different computerscomputers

Chapter 10

Advantages of DFSAdvantages of DFSAdvantages of DFSAdvantages of DFS

Shared folders can be set up so that they appear Shared folders can be set up so that they appear in one hierarchy of foldersin one hierarchy of folders

NTFS access permissions can be usedNTFS access permissions can be used Dfs offers fault tolerance alternativesDfs offers fault tolerance alternatives Dfs enables load balancing for better server Dfs enables load balancing for better server

performanceperformance Web-based access is improvedWeb-based access is improved Vital shared folders on multiple computers can Vital shared folders on multiple computers can

be backed up from one set of master foldersbe backed up from one set of master folders

Chapter 10

Planning TipPlanning TipPlanning TipPlanning Tip

Implement Dfs on an NTFS volume to Implement Dfs on an NTFS volume to take advantage of access take advantage of access permissions, special permissions, and permissions, special permissions, and auditingauditing

Chapter 10

Troubleshooting TipTroubleshooting TipTroubleshooting TipTroubleshooting Tip

If you are running in mixed mode and If you are running in mixed mode and Dfs does not work on the Windows NT Dfs does not work on the Windows NT Server 4.0 servers, install the latest Server 4.0 servers, install the latest service pack for Windows NT Server service pack for Windows NT Server 4.0 (Dfs is implemented in service 4.0 (Dfs is implemented in service pack 3)pack 3)

Chapter 10

Dfs ModelsDfs ModelsDfs ModelsDfs Models

There are two Dfs models:There are two Dfs models: Standalone: does not take advantage of Standalone: does not take advantage of

the Active Directory and provides a flat the Active Directory and provides a flat level share (no hierarchies under the root)level share (no hierarchies under the root)

Domain-based: uses the Active Directory Domain-based: uses the Active Directory and offers a deep hierarchical folder and offers a deep hierarchical folder arrangementarrangement

Chapter 10

Domain-Based TopologyDomain-Based TopologyDomain-Based TopologyDomain-Based Topology

Dfs root: The main Active Directory Dfs root: The main Active Directory container that holds Dfs links to shared container that holds Dfs links to shared folders in a domain folders in a domain

Dfs link: A path that is established between Dfs link: A path that is established between a shared folder in a domain and a Dfs roota shared folder in a domain and a Dfs root

Replica set: A grouping of shared folders in Replica set: A grouping of shared folders in a Dfs root that are replicated or copied to a Dfs root that are replicated or copied to all servers that participate in Dfs replicationall servers that participate in Dfs replication

Chapter 10

Dfs Links in a Dfs RootDfs Links in a Dfs Root

DFS root

DFS links

Figure 10-1 Dfs links in the Dfs root containerFigure 10-1 Dfs links in the Dfs root container

Chapter 10

Planning a Dfs ImplementationPlanning a Dfs ImplementationPlanning a Dfs ImplementationPlanning a Dfs Implementation

Determine whether to use a standalone or Determine whether to use a standalone or domain-based modeldomain-based model

Place Dfs shared folders on NTFS Place Dfs shared folders on NTFS formatted disks, if possibleformatted disks, if possible

Use multiple Dfs roots to reflect particular Use multiple Dfs roots to reflect particular arrangements of information and security arrangements of information and security needsneeds

Save MMC changes when managing DfsSave MMC changes when managing Dfs

Chapter 10

Planning a Dfs Planning a Dfs Implementation(continued)Implementation(continued)

Planning a Dfs Planning a Dfs Implementation(continued)Implementation(continued)

Set up a short cache timeout on folders in Set up a short cache timeout on folders in which the contents change oftenwhich the contents change often

Determine the impact of Dfs on network trafficDetermine the impact of Dfs on network traffic Create the first Dfs root and associated links Create the first Dfs root and associated links

before creating additional rootsbefore creating additional roots Develop a synchronization schedule that Develop a synchronization schedule that

helps minimize network traffichelps minimize network traffic Regularly review and purge Dfs folders that Regularly review and purge Dfs folders that

are no longer neededare no longer needed

Chapter 10

Configuring DfsConfiguring DfsConfiguring DfsConfiguring Dfs

Configure Dfs using the Distributed file Configure Dfs using the Distributed file System management toolSystem management tool

Start the tool by:Start the tool by: Accessing it from the Administrative Tools Accessing it from the Administrative Tools

menumenu Or access it as an MMC snap-inOr access it as an MMC snap-in

Chapter 10

Configuring the Configuring the Standalone Dfs ModelStandalone Dfs Model

Configuring the Configuring the Standalone Dfs ModelStandalone Dfs Model

Figure 10-2 Specifying the standalone modelFigure 10-2 Specifying the standalone model

Chapter 10

Creating a Dfs Root ShareCreating a Dfs Root Share Creating a Dfs Root ShareCreating a Dfs Root Share

Figure 10-3 Creating a new Dfs shareFigure 10-3 Creating a new Dfs share

Chapter 10

Troubleshooting TipTroubleshooting TipTroubleshooting TipTroubleshooting Tip

If you attempt to create a standalone If you attempt to create a standalone root on a server, and see the error root on a server, and see the error message, “This server already hosts a message, “This server already hosts a Dfs root,” this means that you cannot Dfs root,” this means that you cannot create an additional Dfs root on that create an additional Dfs root on that server because one already exists, and server because one already exists, and a host server can have only onea host server can have only one

Chapter 10

Using the MMC to Access a Using the MMC to Access a New RootNew Root

Using the MMC to Access a Using the MMC to Access a New RootNew Root

Figure 10-4 Viewing a new Dfs shared folder in the MMC consoleFigure 10-4 Viewing a new Dfs shared folder in the MMC console

Chapter 10

Configuring the Configuring the Domain-Based Dfs ModelDomain-Based Dfs Model

Configuring the Configuring the Domain-Based Dfs ModelDomain-Based Dfs Model

Create a domain-based Dfs root using Create a domain-based Dfs root using the Distributed file system management the Distributed file system management tooltool

Chapter 10

Associating the Domain with DfsAssociating the Domain with DfsAssociating the Domain with DfsAssociating the Domain with Dfs

Figure 10-5 Entering the domain nameFigure 10-5 Entering the domain name

Chapter 10

Tasks in Managing a Domain-Tasks in Managing a Domain-Based Dfs Root SystemBased Dfs Root System

Tasks in Managing a Domain-Tasks in Managing a Domain-Based Dfs Root SystemBased Dfs Root System

Deleting a Dfs rootDeleting a Dfs root Adding and removing a Dfs linkAdding and removing a Dfs link Adding root and link replica setsAdding root and link replica sets Configuring securityConfiguring security Checking the status of a root or linkChecking the status of a root or link

Chapter 10

Deleting a Dfs RootDeleting a Dfs RootDeleting a Dfs RootDeleting a Dfs Root

The steps to delete a Dfs root are:The steps to delete a Dfs root are: Warn users in advanceWarn users in advance Open the Distributed File System Open the Distributed File System

management toolmanagement tool Right-click the root in the treeRight-click the root in the tree Click Delete Dfs RootClick Delete Dfs Root Click YesClick Yes

Chapter 10

Adding a Dfs LinkAdding a Dfs LinkAdding a Dfs LinkAdding a Dfs Link

The steps to add a Dfs link are:The steps to add a Dfs link are: Open the Distributed File System Open the Distributed File System

management toolmanagement tool Right-click the rootRight-click the root Click New Dfs LinkClick New Dfs Link Enter the name for the linkEnter the name for the link Set the cache timeoutSet the cache timeout Click OkClick Ok

Chapter 10

Setting Up a LinkSetting Up a LinkSetting Up a LinkSetting Up a Link

Figure 10-6 Creating a Dfs linkFigure 10-6 Creating a Dfs link

Chapter 10

Root ReplicasRoot ReplicasRoot ReplicasRoot Replicas

Create a root replica to provide a Create a root replica to provide a backup of the master root system and to backup of the master root system and to balance the load when access to the balance the load when access to the master root becomes heavymaster root becomes heavy

Load balancing via root replicas Load balancing via root replicas improves network performance and user improves network performance and user productivity, because users don’t have productivity, because users don’t have to wait for the resources that they needto wait for the resources that they need

Chapter 10

Replicating LinksReplicating Links

Designated links can be replicated as Designated links can be replicated as well as roots for fault tolerance and load well as roots for fault tolerance and load balancingbalancing

Chapter 10

Configuring a LinkConfiguring a Link

To configure a link using the Distributed File To configure a link using the Distributed File System management tool:System management tool: Right-click the Dfs link to replicate and click NewRight-click the Dfs link to replicate and click New Enter the computer name and shared folder on Enter the computer name and shared folder on

the computer to house the replicathe computer to house the replica Select the replication method, Manual or Select the replication method, Manual or

Automatic, and click OKAutomatic, and click OK For automatic replication, set the the replication For automatic replication, set the the replication

policy and click OKpolicy and click OK

Chapter 10

Configuring the Type of Replication

Configuring the Type of Replication

Figure 10-7 Adding a new replica for a Dfs linkFigure 10-7 Adding a new replica for a Dfs link

Chapter 10

Configuring the Replication PolicyConfiguring the

Replication Policy

Figure 10-8 Configuring replication policyFigure 10-8 Configuring replication policy

Chapter 10

Configuring the File Replication Service

Configuring the File Replication Service

Make sure that the File Replication Make sure that the File Replication Service is started and configured to Service is started and configured to start automaticallystart automatically Use the Computer Management tool or the Use the Computer Management tool or the

Services tool on the Administrative Tools Services tool on the Administrative Tools menu to configure services menu to configure services

Chapter 10

Dfs Root PermissionsDfs Root Permissions

Full Control:Full Control: Can change permissions, take Can change permissions, take ownership, create, delete, modify and ownership, create, delete, modify and manage Dfs shared files and folders – plus manage Dfs shared files and folders – plus delete trees and subtrees in the folder delete trees and subtrees in the folder structurestructure

Read:Read: Can list and read the contents of Can list and read the contents of shared files and foldersshared files and folders

Write:Write: Can modify the contents of shared files Can modify the contents of shared files and foldersand folders

Chapter 10

Troubleshooting a Problem with a Root or Link

Troubleshooting a Problem with a Root or Link

The most common problem is that a root, The most common problem is that a root, link, or replica is not accessible, such as link, or replica is not accessible, such as when the computer on which it resides is when the computer on which it resides is downdown

Use the Check Status option to locate a Use the Check Status option to locate a problem and look for a red circle with a problem and look for a red circle with a white “x” that indicates a particular white “x” that indicates a particular computer is downcomputer is down

Chapter 10

Checking the Status of DfsChecking the Status of Dfs

Figure 10-9 Checking the status of replicas in a linkFigure 10-9 Checking the status of replicas in a link

Chapter 10

Publishing a Shared FolderPublishing a Shared Folder

When the Active Directory is When the Active Directory is implemented, plan to publish regular implemented, plan to publish regular shared folders and Dfs root folders shared folders and Dfs root folders

Chapter 10

Steps for Publishing a FolderSteps for Publishing a Folder

To publish a folder:To publish a folder: Open the Active Directory Users and Open the Active Directory Users and

Computers toolComputers tool Right-click the domainRight-click the domain Point to New and click Shared FolderPoint to New and click Shared Folder Enter the name for the published folderEnter the name for the published folder Enter the path to the shared folder or Dfs Enter the path to the shared folder or Dfs

root and click OKroot and click OK

Chapter 10

Publishing a FolderPublishing a Folder

Figure 10-10 Publishing a shared folderFigure 10-10 Publishing a shared folder

Chapter 10

Disk QuotasDisk Quotas

Use the Windows 2000 disk quota capability Use the Windows 2000 disk quota capability to:to: Prevent users from filling the disk capacityPrevent users from filling the disk capacity Encourage users to play their part in managing Encourage users to play their part in managing

disk space by cleaning up old or unused filesdisk space by cleaning up old or unused files Track disk capacity needs for future planningTrack disk capacity needs for future planning Provide server administrators information about Provide server administrators information about

when users are nearing or have reached their when users are nearing or have reached their disk quotasdisk quotas

Chapter 10

Planning TipPlanning Tip

If possible, establish quotas before If possible, establish quotas before making shared folders available to users, making shared folders available to users, because it is politically harder to impose because it is politically harder to impose the limits after users are accustomed to the limits after users are accustomed to having nonehaving none

Chapter 10

Disk Quota ParametersDisk Quota Parameters

Enable quota management:Enable quota management: Sets up quota Sets up quota management and starts tracking disk usagemanagement and starts tracking disk usage

Deny disk space to users exceeding quota Deny disk space to users exceeding quota limits:limits: Users can’t write new information after Users can’t write new information after reaching their quotasreaching their quotas

Do not limit disk usage:Do not limit disk usage: Tracks disk usage Tracks disk usage without imposing quotaswithout imposing quotas

Limit disk space to:Limit disk space to: Sets the default amount Sets the default amount of disk space for all usersof disk space for all users

Chapter 10

Disk Quota Parameters (continued)

Disk Quota Parameters (continued)

Set warning level to: Set warning level to: Sets the default disk space Sets the default disk space that users can occupy that will trigger a warning that users can occupy that will trigger a warning messagemessage

Log event when a user exceeds their quota limit:Log event when a user exceeds their quota limit: An event is entered in the System log when a An event is entered in the System log when a user reaches his or her quotauser reaches his or her quota

Log event when the user exceeds the warning Log event when the user exceeds the warning level:level: An event is entered in the System log when An event is entered in the System log when a user receives a warning that he or she is a user receives a warning that he or she is approaching the quotaapproaching the quota

Chapter 10

Configuring a Default Disk Quota

Configuring a Default Disk Quota

Figure 10-11 Setting default disk quotasFigure 10-11 Setting default disk quotas

Chapter 10

Disk Quotas for Specific UsersDisk Quotas for Specific Users

Besides setting default disk quotas for Besides setting default disk quotas for all users, you can set individual quotas all users, you can set individual quotas for certain usersfor certain users

Chapter 10

Setting a Quota for a UserSetting a Quota for a User

Figure 10-12 Setting a disk quota on a designated user accountFigure 10-12 Setting a disk quota on a designated user account

Chapter 10

Managing Disk QuotasManaging Disk Quotas

Managing disk quotas:Managing disk quotas: Modify the default or specific user quotas as Modify the default or specific user quotas as

neededneeded Delete quotas that are no longer neededDelete quotas that are no longer needed Import disk quota statistics into a Import disk quota statistics into a

spreadsheet, database, or word-processed spreadsheet, database, or word-processed file as needed to track them over timefile as needed to track them over time

Chapter 10

Deleting a Disk QuotaDeleting a Disk Quota

Figure 10-13 Deleting a disk quota on an accountFigure 10-13 Deleting a disk quota on an account

Chapter 10

Issues to Consider Before Installing Application Software

Issues to Consider Before Installing Application Software

Software licensingSoftware licensing Network compatibilityNetwork compatibility Temporary filesTemporary files Network performanceNetwork performance Software testingSoftware testing Loading software from the networkLoading software from the network

Chapter 10

Installing SoftwareInstalling Software

Use the Add/Remove Programs tool to Use the Add/Remove Programs tool to install or remove application softwareinstall or remove application software

Chapter 10

Using the Add/Remove Programs Tool

Using the Add/Remove Programs Tool

Figure 10-14 Installing application softwareFigure 10-14 Installing application software

Chapter 10

Using the Add/Remove Programs Tool (continued)

Using the Add/Remove Programs Tool (continued)

Figure 10-15 Providing the path to the setup programFigure 10-15 Providing the path to the setup program

Chapter 10

Running Software ApplicationsRunning Software Applications

Software applications run in the user Software applications run in the user modemode User mode: A special operating mode in User mode: A special operating mode in

Windows 2000 used for running programs Windows 2000 used for running programs in a memory area kept separate from that in a memory area kept separate from that used by the kernel and in which the used by the kernel and in which the program cannot directly access the kernel program cannot directly access the kernel or operating system services except or operating system services except through an APIthrough an API

Chapter 10

Application Programming Interface

Application Programming Interface

Application Programming Interface Application Programming Interface (API): Functions or programming (API): Functions or programming features in Windows 2000 Server that features in Windows 2000 Server that programmers can use for network links, programmers can use for network links, links to messaging services, or links to messaging services, or interfaces to other systemsinterfaces to other systems

Chapter 10

Windows 2000 Server RegistryWindows 2000 Server Registry

Sample elements in the RegistrySample elements in the Registry Information about all hardware componentsInformation about all hardware components Information about Windows 2000 servicesInformation about Windows 2000 services Data about user profiles and group policiesData about user profiles and group policies Data on the last current and last known setup Data on the last current and last known setup

used to boot the computerused to boot the computer Configuration information for all softwareConfiguration information for all software Software licensing informationSoftware licensing information Control Panel parameter configurationsControl Panel parameter configurations

Chapter 10

Elements of the RegistryElements of the Registry

Key: A category of information Key: A category of information contained in the Windows 2000 contained in the Windows 2000 Registry, such as hardware or softwareRegistry, such as hardware or software

Subkey: A key within a Registry key, Subkey: A key within a Registry key, similar to a subfolder under a foldersimilar to a subfolder under a folder

Value: A data parameter in the Registry Value: A data parameter in the Registry stored as a value in decimal, binary, or stored as a value in decimal, binary, or text formattext format

Chapter 10

Root Key DefinedRoot Key Defined

Root key: Also called a subtree, the Root key: Also called a subtree, the highest category of data contained in highest category of data contained in the Registry. There are five root keys.the Registry. There are five root keys.

Chapter 10

Windows 2000 Server Root KeysWindows 2000 Server Root Keys

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Contains in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Contains in particular information about hardware particular information about hardware components and drivers, software components and drivers, software installed, system information, and securityinstalled, system information, and security

HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Contains HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Contains information about the user profile for the information about the user profile for the account currently logged onto the consoleaccount currently logged onto the console

Chapter 10

Windows 2000 Server Root Keys (continued)Windows 2000 Server Root Keys (continued)

HKEY_USERS: Contains all of the user HKEY_USERS: Contains all of the user profilesprofiles

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Contains HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Contains data to associate file extensions with data to associate file extensions with programsprograms

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: Contains HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: Contains information about the current hardware information about the current hardware profileprofile

Chapter 10

Example Contents of a Root KeyExample Contents of a Root Key

Figure 10-16 The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root keyFigure 10-16 The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key

Chapter 10

Editing the RegistryEditing the Registry

Edit the Registry using one of two Edit the Registry using one of two editors:editors: Regedt32: a more modern 32-bit editorRegedt32: a more modern 32-bit editor Regedit: an older editor preferred by some Regedit: an older editor preferred by some

administratorsadministrators

Chapter 10

Editing the HKEY_CURRENT_USER key

Editing the HKEY_CURRENT_USER key

Figure 10-17 Changing Registry data for file associationsFigure 10-17 Changing Registry data for file associations

Chapter 10

Troubleshooting TipTroubleshooting Tip

Only make changes to the Registry Only make changes to the Registry when you are absolutely certain about when you are absolutely certain about what you are doing, or you may end up what you are doing, or you may end up with a system the will not bootwith a system the will not boot

Chapter 10

License ManagerLicense Manager

Use the License Manager to configure Use the License Manager to configure server licenses, add more licenses, server licenses, add more licenses, manage Microsoft Backoffice software manage Microsoft Backoffice software licenses, and track license usagelicenses, and track license usage

Chapter 10

Configuring Licenses with License Manager

Configuring Licenses with License Manager

Figure 10-18 Adding new licensesFigure 10-18 Adding new licenses

Chapter 10

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

The Distributed File System (Dfs) is The Distributed File System (Dfs) is designed to make it easier for users to designed to make it easier for users to access multiple shared folders on multiple access multiple shared folders on multiple serversservers

Dfs can be implemented using the Dfs can be implemented using the standalone or domain-based modelstandalone or domain-based model

Dfs not only can make users more Dfs not only can make users more productive, but it offers fault tolerance and productive, but it offers fault tolerance and load balancingload balancing

Chapter 10

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

Disk quotas make it possible to:Disk quotas make it possible to: Obtain statistics for disk capacity planningObtain statistics for disk capacity planning Place limits on the amount of disk space Place limits on the amount of disk space

that all users or individual users occupythat all users or individual users occupy Use the Add/Remove Programs tool to Use the Add/Remove Programs tool to

install, upgrade, and remove application install, upgrade, and remove application softwaresoftware

Chapter 10

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

The Windows 2000 Server Registry The Windows 2000 Server Registry houses vital system, hardware, houses vital system, hardware, software, user, and security informationsoftware, user, and security information

Plan to use the Microsoft License Plan to use the Microsoft License Manager to track current licenses, Manager to track current licenses, install new licenses, and determine install new licenses, and determine when more licenses are neededwhen more licenses are needed