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CHAPTER 1
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
I. Introduction
Bananas have been said to be the th
!ar"est #ruit cro$ in the %or!d %ith an esti&ated
$roduction o# '( &i!!ion tons. It is a!so the #ourth !ar"est $roduced co&&odit) b)
the Phi!i$$ines* $!a)in" a &a+or ro!e in the do&estic &ar,et %ith a $roduction o# -.' &i!!ion tons
annua!!). Bananas are edib!e #ruits* botanica!!) a berr)* $roduced b) severa! ,inds o#
!ar"e herbaceous#!o%erin" $!antsin the "enusMusa. It contains a !ar"e a&ount o# $otassiu&*
aside #ro& its carboh)drates and $rotein content. Its $ee! havin" on!) !i&ited studies
interestin"!) contains / o# the #ruit0s $otassiu& content* %hich &a,es this entire stud)
#easib!e.
Nationa! and internationa! $roduction o# banana is ever boo&in". hi!e !oca! and
do&estic consu&$tion are on an increase2 but nationa! $ro"ra&s #or &ana"e&ent o# resu!tin"
%astes are rare* &a)be because o# !ac,in" in#or&ation and resources about the &an) uses o#
%astes $ee!s. In addition to that* hu"e a&ounts o# %aste $ee!s are bein" du&$ed dai!). And that
is %hat tri""ered the $ursuance o# this stud).On the other hand* one o# the &ost %ide!) used che&ica!s is the Potassiu& Carbonate* a
%hite so!id at roo& te&$erature and is derived #ro& $otassiu& h)dro3ide reactin" %ith carbon
dio3ide. It can #unction in the #ie!d o# $har&aceutica!s* che&ica!s* #erti!i4ers* soa$s and "!ass. It
disso!ves in %ater to "ive an a!,a!ine 5basic6 so!ution.
It %as $roven in other +ourna!s that the concentrations o# &eta!s in the banana $ee!s %ere7
8(.1 9.:( &";" #or Potassiu&* 1-.' . &";" #or Ca!ciu&* '.
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Sodiu&* :.->': &";," #or =a"nesiu&* .->'.: &";," #or Ca!ciu&* '.'>1'.( &";," #or
Co$$er* and '.'>8.1 &";," #or ?ead. @no%in" that the )ie!d o# Potassiu& is ver) hi"h in
co&$arison %ith the other &eta!s* "ives a hi"her $robabi!it) o# &a,in" the research %or,*
because it is econo&ica! and bounti#u! in the Phi!i$$ines.
Potassiu& Carbonate no%ada)s is $re$ared co&&ercia!!) b) the e!ectro!)sis o#
$otassiu& ch!oride. The resu!tin" $otassiu& h)dro3ide is then carbonated usin" carbon dio3ide
to #or& $otassiu& carbonate* %hich is o#ten used to $roduce other $otassiu& co&$ounds. The
reaction is as #o!!o%s7 CO' '@OH@'CO
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$otassiu& carbonate is an e3ce!!ent addition #or #erti!i4ers because it $rovides $otassiu& that is a
$ri&ar) nutrient need o# $!ants. Potassiu& carbonate is a!so used in a !ot &ore industries7 soa$*
ani&a! #eed* cera&ics* te3ti!es* $aint* and c!eanin" a"ents. The %ide industr) usa"e and
econo&ica! %a) o# Potassiu& Carbonate $roduction "ives a hi"her #easibi!it) to this stud).
II. PRODUCT PROI?E7 POTASSIU= CARBONATE
Potassiu& carbonate 5@'CO
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So!ubi!it) Inso!ub!e in a!coho! and acetone
$H 11.9 51/ aueous so!ution6
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Che&ica! Stabi!it)
H)"rosco$ic7 absorbs &oisture or %ater #ro&
the air
Conditions to Avoid
Inco&$atib!e &ateria!s* dust "eneration*
e3$osure to &oist air or %ater
Inco&$atibi!ities %ith Other =ateria!s
Stron" o3idi4in" a"ents* acids* ch!orine
tri#!uoride* &a"nesiu&
Ha4ardous Deco&$osition Products Ch!orine tri#!uoride* &a"nesiu&
Ha4ardous Po!)&eri4ation i!! not occur
SALES SPECIFICATIONS
A$$earance hite $o%der
Assa) -(.:/ &in
Ch!orides .1/ &a3
Su!$hates .1/ &a3
Iron .
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Used to ba!ance $H in the $roduction
o# cocoa $o%der
?aborator)
Used to dr) ,etones* a!coho!s and
a&ines 5be#ore disti!!ation6
Acidic i&$urities re&over
or&ed as an e!ectro!)te 5co!d #usion
e3$eri&ent6
C PRODUCT HANDLING/ PACKAGING/ STORAGE/ SHIPPING
Hand!in"
ear a$$ro$riate $ersona! $rotective
eui$&ent.
Avoid contact %ith inco&$atib!e
&ateria!s.
Use in a %e!!>venti!ated area.
Do not &i3ed stora"e and
trans$ortation o# "rocer)* #odder*
&edicines* #ood.
=ini&i4e occurrence o# dust and
accu&u!ation.
Pac,a"in"
': ; : ," HDPE %oven ba"s %ith inner H=>
HDPE !iner
Stora"e Store a%a) #ro& %ater or &oisture
and store in dr) area
Save in coo!* dr) and %e!! venti!ated
$!ace.
Stored in airti"ht containers
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Avoid contact %ith %ater and
&oistures
Do not store %ith vo!ati!e or"anic
co&$ounds. Product &a) disco!or.
Trans$ortation ?and trans$ort
D PRODUCT SAFETY/ DISPOSAL
Personne! Hea!th Sa#et) Assess&ent Contact %ith s,in and e)es shou!d be
avoided
Environ&enta! Sa#et) Assess&ent
Possib!) ha4ardous short ter&
de"radation $roducts are not !i,e!).
Ho%ever* !on" ter& de"radation
$roducts &a) arise.
The $roduct itse!# and its $roducts o#
de"radation are not to3ic.
aste Dis$osa!
aste &ust be dis$osed o# in accordance %ith
nationa! and !oca! environ&enta! contro!
re"u!ations.
III. RA =ATERIA? PROI?E
A. BANANA PEE?
A banana (Musa sapientum6 $ee!* ,no%n as a banana s,in* is the outer coverin"o#
thebanana#ruit.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_(fruit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_(fruit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana7/25/2019 Chapter 1 Product Description V2 (1)
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A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Co!or Ge!!o% %hen ri$e* "reen %hen unri$e
Odor Banana Odor
Deco&$osition < Da)s=o!ecu!ar %ei"ht Not a$$!icab!e
Boi!in" $oint Not a$$!icab!e
=e!tin" $oint Not a$$!icab!e
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (mg/g)
Crude $rotein 5/6 9. .:
Crude #at 5/6
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MINERAL COMPOSITION (mg/g)
Potassiu& 8(.1 9.:(
Ca!ciu& 1-.' .
Sodiu&'.
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D. RAW MATERIAL SAFETY
Sa#et)
Banana $ee!s ta,e ' to 1 da)s to deco&$ose.
Deco&$osin" banana $ee!s &a) in#ect
%ounds and can irritate e)es and s,in. A!so it
$roduces un$!easant odors.
hen hand!in"7
ear sa#et) "!oves
ear "o""!es
ear &as,
Have suitab!e venti!ation
B. AIR
A co!or!ess* odor!ess* taste!ess* "aseous &i3ture &ain!) co&$osed o# 8-/ nitro"en
and '1/ o3)"en.
A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Co!or Co!or!ess
Odor None
=o!ar =ass '(.-9 ";&o!
Boi!in" Point >1-.<
=e!tin" Point >'1
Densit) 1.'-'- ,";&
Tri$!e Point Te&$erature >'1
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Standard Co&$osition o# Dr) Air 5Detai!ed Ana!)sis6
as / b) Jo!u&e / b) ei"ht
Parts $er =i!!ion 5b)
Jo!u&e6
Nitro"en 8(.(8:.8
8((:
O3)"en '.-: '9 .
.(8
B. RAW MATERIAL USES
Uses Provide the o3)"en needed in the
co&bustion
C. RAW MATERIAL STORAGE
Stora"e
Air %i!! be readi!) avai!ab!e in the $rocess
thus no stora"e needed.
D. RAW MATERIAL SAFETY
Sa#et) No sa#et) $recautions necessar).
C. CARBON DIOKIDE
Carbon dio3ide is a co!or!ess and odor!ess "as at at&os$heric te&$erature and $ressure. It
is re!ative!) non>to3ic and non>co&bustib!e and it is heavier than air and &a) as$h)3iate b) the
dis$!ace&ent o# air. Carbon dio3ide is so!ub!e in %ater and #or&s a &i!d acid ca!!ed carbonic
acid.
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A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Co!or Co!or!ess
Odor Odor!ess
Taste aint Acid Taste=o!ar =ass .1 ";&o!
Boi!in" Point >8(.:
=e!tin" Point >:9.:(
Che&ica! or&u!a CO'
So!ubi!it)
=iscib!e %ith %ater* in h)drocarbons and
&ost or"anic !iuids
Densit) 1.-89 ";?
Ja$or Densit) 1.:< at 8(.' 5Air L16
Stabi!it)
Not a##ected b) heat unti! te&$erature reaches
about '
rade Industria!
B. RAW MATERIAL USES
Uses
Used to carbonate the Potassiu&
H)dro3ide in derivin" Potassiu&
Carbonate
C. RAW MATERIAL STORAGE
Stora"e
C)!inders shou!d be stored u$ri"ht in a
%e!!>venti!ated* secure area* $rotected
#ro& the %eather.
Stora"e area te&$eratures shou!d not
e3ceed 1': F 5:' FC6.
Stora"e shou!d be a%a) #ro& heavi!)
trave!ed areas and e&er"enc) e3its.
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D. RAW MATERIAL SAFETY
Sa#et)
Avoid areas %here sa!t or other
corrosive &ateria!s are $resent.
Ja!ve $rotection ca$s and va!ve out!et
sea!s shou!d re&ain on c)!inders not
connected #or use.
Se$arate #u!! #ro& e&$t) c)!inders.
Avoid e3cessive inventor) and stora"e
ti&e.
Use a #irst>in #irst>out s)ste&.
@ee$ "ood inventor) records.
IJ. BG>PRODUCTS SPECIICATION
A. SODIU= CARBONATE
Sodiu& Carbonate is a %hite* cr)sta!!ine co&$ound so!ub!e in %ater 5absorbin" &oisture
#ro& the air6 but inso!ub!e in a!coho!. It #or&s a stron"!) a!,a!ine %ater so!ution. Soda ash is the
industria! na&e o# anh)drous sodiu& carbonate.
A. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Product Na&e Sodiu& Carbonate
=o!ecu!ar or&u!a Na'CO
HDPE !iner
Stora"e
Save in coo!* dr) and %e!! venti!ated
$!ace
Store in airti"ht containers
Avoid contact %ith %ater and &oisture
Trans$ortation ?and trans$ort
D. PRODUCT SAETG; DISPOSA?
Personne! Hea!th Sa#et) Assess&ent?o% ha4ard #or usua! industria! hand!in".
Environ&enta! Sa#et) Assess&entThe $roduct itse!# and its $roducts o#
de"radation are not to3ic.
aste Dis$osa!
aste &ust be dis$osed o# in accordance %ith
nationa! and !oca! environ&enta! contro!
re"u!ations.
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