You be able to analyze human behavior and working environment that cause the accidents
You be able to justify the best accident causation theory to predict and prevent accidents at workplace
SAFETY AT CONSTRUCTION SITE- Frisomat
1. Domino theory2. Human factors theory3. Accident/ incident theory4. Epidemiological theory5. System theory6. Behavioral theory7. Bird’s triangle
5 factors accident sequence
No. Factor Explanation 1 Ancestry and social
environmentThe negative character traits that may lead people to behave in an unsafe manner may be inherited (ancestral) or acquired as a result of the social environment.
2 Fault of person Negative character traits whether inherited or acquired are the reasons behind why people behave in an unsafe manner and why hazardous conditions exist ( e.g. smoking in an area which contains flammable materials).
3 Unsafe act/ mechanical and physical hazards
Unsafe acts committed by a person and mechanical or physical hazards are the direct causes of accidents (e.g. negligence)
4 Accident Accidents lead to injuries and will have a negative effect on the performance and image of organisation.
5 Injury Accident injuries may range from minor cuts and scratches to serious ones such as loss of limb or other disability. Injuries such as lacerations and fractures have a negative effect on workers’ performance.
1. Overload 2. Inappropriate response3. Inappropriate activities Overload – imbalance between a person’s
capacity at any given time and the load being carried by a person
• Factors – environmental (noise, distractions, etc) - internal (personal problems, emotional stress, worry) - situational ( level of risk, unclear
instructions)
Inappropriate response• how a person responds in a given situation can
cause or prevent an accident.• If a person detects a hazardous condition but
does nothing to rectify it, he has responded inappropriately.
Inappropriate Activities• Human error
Is undertaking of a task that a person does not know or not familiar
Is misjudging the degree of risk involved in a given task
Such activities can lead to accidents and injuries
Overload• Pressure• Fatigue• Motivation• Drugs• Alcohol• worry
Ergonomic trap• Incompatible
workstation• Incompatible
expectations
Decision to err• Misjudgment of
the risk• Unconscious
desire to err• Logical decision
based on the situation
System failure• Policy • Responsibility • Training • Correction • standards
Is the study of causal relationships between environmental factors and disease.
2 characteristics• Predisposition Susceptibility of people Perceptions Environmental factors
• Situational Risk assessment by individuals Peer pressure Priorities of the supervisor Attitude
Can cause or prevent accident conditions
Person (Host) Machine (Agent) Environment
Always referred as behavior-based safety.
Behavior-based safety is application of behavioral theories from the field of psychology to field of occupational safety.
7 basic principles of behavioral theory1. Intervention that is focused on employee behavior2. Identification of external factors that will help understand
and improve employee behavior ( safety in the workplace)
3. Direct behavior with activators or events antecedent to the desired behavior, and motivation of the employee to behave as desired with incentives and rewards that will follow the desired behavior
4. Focus on the positive consequences that will result from the desired behavior as a way to motivate employees
5. Application of the scientific method to improve attempts at behavioral interventions
6. Use of theory to integrate information rather than to limit possibilities
7. Planned interventions with the feelings and attitudes of the individual employee in mind
Showed a relationship between major, minor and no-injury accidents
Frank Bird found all the near miss accident must be investigated analyzed immediately
A near miss accident is an unexpected or unplanned incident which occurs but does not cause any injuries or damage to properties.
600: tend to lead employers to be careless and be overconfident
30, 10: if tend to ignore the near miss , lead to this level
1: if still unchecked involves serious or permanent injuries
What is the Human Factors Theory? What are the human factors that lead to workplace accidents?
Give three examples of occupations that may cause overload to workers.
By referring to the Epidemiological Theory, explain how the work stress factor can increase the risk of workplace accidents.
Based on the Accident/Incident Theory, systems failure is one of the causes of workplace accidents. Explain this in brief.