Communication and Communication and CultureCulture
Class: Special Topics in Cultures
and
English Language
Teaching
Instructor: Dr. Hsiu-Hui Su
Presenter: Vivian 9722607September 29th, 2009
The Voice and EchoThe Voice and Echo
2
ContentsContents
Intercultural Contact
I
Defining the TermsII
CommunicationIII
CultureIV
ReflectionV
Intercultural ContactIntercultural Contact
• Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart.
Confucius
• Everyone is quick to blame the alien.
Aeschylus, the Greek playwright3
Intercultural ContactIntercultural Contact
4
Intercultural interaction
Domestic•Co-cultures•The co-cultures in the USA
International•New technology and information systems•Evolving populations•The global economy
Defining the TermsDefining the Terms
5
Intercultural communication
To occur when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture
To involve interaction between people
whose cultural perceptions and symbol
systems are distinct
Defining the TermsDefining the Terms
6
The dominant culture
To speak for the entire culture while setting the tone and agenda others with power
To influence what people think, what they aspire to be, how they behave, and even what they talk about
Defining the TermsDefining the Terms
7
Co-culture
To share the perceptions and communication patterns found within the larger, dominant culture
To discuss groups’ communication characteristics that different from the other groups
CommunicationCommunication
8
Definition
The process through which symbols are transmitted for the purpose of eliciting a response.
CommunicationCommunication
9
Principles of communication
CultureCulture
10
• Culture is communication and communication is culture.
Hall• Culture is to a human collective what
personality is to an individual.Hofestde
• Culture is a group worldview, the way of organizing the world that a particular society has created over time.
Nolan
CultureCulture
11
The elements of culture
Language
HistoryReligion
Values
Social organizations
Culture
CultureCulture
12
The definition of cultureCulture is a set of human-made
objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in the ecological niche...
Triandis
CultureCulture
13
Characteristics of culture1. Culture is learned.
Culture
Proverbs
Folktales/Legends/Myths
Arts
Mass media
CultureCulture
14
Characteristics of culture2. Culture is shared.
To make the actions of individuals intelligible to the other members of society.
Be transmitted from generation to generation.
CultureCulture
15
Characteristics of culture3. Culture is based on symbols.
The symbols allow people to package and store them as well as transmit them.
Language is the most important symbolic aspect of culture.
CultureCulture
16
Characteristics of culture4. Culture is dynamic.
Cultures are subject to fluctuations and seldom remain constant.
The deep structure of a culture resists major alterations.
CultureCulture
17
Characteristics of culture4. Culture is an integrated system.
17
Culture is composed of parts that are related to each other.
All aspects of culture must be reasonably well integrated in order to function properly.
ReflectionReflection
18
Studying intercultural communication1. Individual uniqueness
People are more than their cultures.2. Stereotyping
No rule is so general, which admits not some exception.
3. ObjectivityIt requires to eliminate the cultural
orientations and negative behavior
ReflectionReflection
19
Language and culture1. “下車投錢 !”2. Bear market VS. Bull market
ReflectionReflection
20
Intercultural sensitivityHow to Improve Intercultural Sensitivity : Overcome Ethnocentrism Through Avoiding Assumptionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqFv1aM8vqU
Thank you for Thank you for listening!listening!