Ch 19 pp. 419-440 Chapter 20 p. 449-454, 464-470 Part 1:The
Conquest of Latin America
Slide 2
#1 The Caribbean: Testing Ground 2 nd expedition after Columbus
set up Hispaniola This was a sort of practice effort for what would
follow: NOTICE THE PATTERN Launching point for new expeditions
Encomiendas Begin with Taino people Indigenous people granted/given
to Spaniards (serfdom) Missionaries-set up churches and tried to
battle worse abuses Sugar plantations Disease then African slavery,
etc ruined islands
Slide 3
#2 The Aztec Hernan Cortes- 600 men to Mexico Meets Aztecs and
Montezuma II Amazed by Tenochtitilan Mistaken for Quetzxlcoatl
Aztec defeated in 2 years Enemy tribes- WHY? Disease
Otherwise...
Slide 4
#3 The Inca Fall Francisco Pizarro- south in search of riches
With less than 200 soldiers defeats Incan Empire Civil war
Conquistadors in search of golden cities or simply encomiendas.
Mita- anyone remember? BY 1570- 192 Spanish cities throughout
Americas.
Slide 5
#4 Things Settle Down: A New Spanish World Mostly agricultural,
mining, and ranching- 80% Mostly SILVER!!!p- Mexico and Peru.Urban
areas begin to grow. Latin America became a key part of the NEW
TRADE system that was developing world-wide. What do you remember
from CH 15-17?
Slide 6
Treatment of Natives Seen as inferior Disease, war,
mistreatment=death Central Mexico- 25 million to 2 million in Lands
siezed and people forced into towns and labor- mostly agriculture,
ranching and _________?
Slide 7
Encomiendas and Haciendas No slavery! Good? Yes but
Encomiendas- land grants given to conquistadors. Indians used as
forced labor and for taxation. Ended by 1620 but mistreatment
continued. Colonists who owned land set up Haciendas. Haciendas-
Spanish lead rural estates farmed by Indian and mixed-ancestry
workers. Local Aristocracy grew
Slide 8
Cultural Change Decrease human population- increase in
livestock Multiracial societies: Indians, Spanish, Africans- all in
L. America for different reasons- lead to a heirarchy
Masters-servants Christians-pagans
Slide 9
Racial and Ethnic Blending Shortage of European women in new
world lead to marriages between Spaniards and Native women
Mestizos- offspring of European and native parents- some
discrimination Over time there was a distinction between Creoles-
New World born Spaniards and Peninsulares- Spain-born Spaniards
Creoles basically ran local economies and were later important
(Independence)
Slide 10
Part 2: African Slavery
Slide 11
How the African Slave-trade started Portuguese ports along the
West African Coast African leaders agreed for trade benefits The
slave trade grew in prominence as slaves were needed for sugar
plantation in other colonies. 3 S: Silver, Slaves, Sugar
Slide 12
Data 1450-1850- 12 million Africans shipped- 10- 11 million
arrive alive 40% went to Brazil Demographic effects BY 1850
population in Central and West Africa= abt 50% what it might have
been without the slave trade Since mostly men were taken. The ratio
of male/female was skewed Intro of maize (corn) and manioc from New
World boosted agriculture and remedied some population
problems
Slide 13
Slave Trade Effects on the World Triangular trade Africa sends
slaves to America America uses slaves to grow sugar, tobacco- sends
to Europe Europeans make products and trade to Africa for more
slaves. The slave-trade was profitable and lead in many ways, to
the growing capitalist economies and later the industrial
revolution.
Slide 14
African Diaspora Slave trade demonstrated integration of Africa
into the new trading system Slave trade demonstrated integration of
Africa into the new trading system A. Slave Lives Third of slave
died in Middle Passage to America, determined by length of trip
Third of slave died in Middle Passage to America, determined by
length of trip B. Africans in America Most worked on plantations,
sugar, rice, cotton, tobacco or in mines Most worked on
plantations, sugar, rice, cotton, tobacco or in mines W. African
slaves well suited W. African slaves well suited
Slide 15
Slave Society Saltwater/ Creole slaves developed hierarchy
Determined social/occupation position Caribbean: Africans 80% of
population Religious Conversion Catholic/Protestant syncretism with
native religions, especially in Caribbean (vodun)
Slide 16
End of Slave trade Manifestation of Enlightenment and Age of
Revolutions Manifestation of Enlightenment and Age of Revolutions
Rousseau & Smith early theorists Rousseau & Smith early
theorists Seen as immoral, cruel Seen as immoral, cruel Britain
outlawed 1807 (Wilberforce), with full end 1888 when Brazil
abolished the practice. Britain outlawed 1807 (Wilberforce), with
full end 1888 when Brazil abolished the practice.