Ch. 15 IDs
1.) Ellis Island
• What – Immigrant inspection station• Where – New York City, NY• When – 1892-1954• Significance – Major center for immigration
for those travelling across the Atlantic
2.) Angel Island
• What – Immigrant inspection station• Where – San Francisco, CA• When – 1910-1940• Significance - Major center for immigration for
those travelling across the Pacific
3.) Working Man’s Party/Chinese Exclusion Act
• What – Political Party that tried to stop Chinese immigration/law that stopped Chinese immigration
• When – Law was into effect from 1882-1943• Where – WMP was centrally located in CA• Significance – Shows the racial intolerance of
the time period
4.) Skyscraper
• What – Tall, large building• When – Disputed b/w 1870 and 1885• Significance – Changed the layout and look of
urban cities (Leads to birth of modern city)
5.) Urbanization
• What – Process of people moving to and building cities
• Significance – Urbanization leads to a number of problems, which people will then call for reform
6.) Mass Transit Systems
• What – Urban transportation systems including subways, cable cars, trolleys, and elevated trains
• Significance – Allows middle class families to move away from the cities to the suburbs and commute to work
7.) Boll Weevil
• What – Insect that feeds on cotton• Significance – Boll weevil ruins many crops for
southern farmers, causing them to move north and look for jobs in industries
8.) Great Chicago Fire
• What – Fire• Where – Chicago, IL• When – 1885• Significance – – 1.) Destroys nearly 20% of the city, leaving
100,000 homeless– 2.) Causes city officials to create and enforce fire
safety/prevention programs
9.) Nativism
• What – Movement/feeling of hatred towards immigrants and favoritism toward those born within country
• Significance – Movement will lead toward changes in legislation that banned immigration from certain countries
10.) Political Machine
• What – term used to describe a political party that dominates politics on it’s level (city/state/regional)
• Significance – People go along with political machines because the politicians usually provide people with the services that they need
11.) Tammany Hall
• What – Political Machine (Democrat)• Where – New York City, NY• When – 1854-1932• Significance – Greatest example of a political
party in American History
12.) Gilded Age
• What – Term used to describe period in American History that saw great prosperity, industrialization, urbanization, political corruption, and reform
• When – 1870s-1920s• Who – Coined by Mark Twain• Significance – Era in which one sees the birth
of modern America
13.) Horatio Alger
• Who – Famous novelist• Significance – His “rags to riches” novels
helped portray the popular theory of individualism
14.) Social Darwinism
• What – Theory that some cultures/nations are better than others
• Significance – Theory is used as justification for US government and political decisions of the era
15.) Gospel of Wealth
• What – Movement lead by wealthy philanthropists in which they thought it was their duty to make contributions to society
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Will lead to the creation of
beloved public institutions such as libraries, museums, and theatres
16.) Realism
• What – Cultural movement that focused on portraying society as realistically as possible
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Portrays social problems to
society, who in turn will call for reform
17.) Mark Twain
• Who – Famous writer• Significance – – 1.) Coins the term “Gilded Age”– 2.) Famous realist and satirist/social critic– 3.) Author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
18.) “Rise of Popular Culture”
• What – Time period in which people living in cities were making more money and had more free time to spend it
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Leads to new ways to spend
leisure time, including professional sports, vaudeville shows, and saloons
19.) Social Gospel
• What – Christian movement that focused on using Christian principles on making social improvements
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Credited with starting inner city
missions
20.) Henry George
• Who – Author and early reformer• When – Gilded Age• Significance – His thoughts and ideas will lead
to inspiring a generation of reformers during the Progressive Era
21.) Salvation Army/YMCA
• What – Organizations created in order to help provide for the poor and struggling classes in the inner cities
• Significance – One of the first social welfare programs
22.) Morrill Land Act
• What – Legislation that set land aside for the creation of state colleges
• When – 1862/1890• Significance – – 1.) Expansion of act in 1890 was geared toward
southern states and mid-western states– 2.) Southern states created two colleges (white/black)– 3.) Leads to creation of some of the greater high
education institutions in US
23.) Naturalism
• What – Cultural movement that focused on nature
• Significance – Naturalists challenged technology and reminded people that nature will always prevail over human efforts
24.) Public Education
• What – During this time period, more public schools were created, as well as compulsory school laws
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Schools taught discipline,
vocational skills, English, history and civics in order to “create” good citizens and workers
25.) Settlement House Movement
• What – Centers created in inner cities that provided services to people such as food and shelter, English classes, classes that taught skills
• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Credited as the birth of social
work
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