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Control of Work
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Plant components
Hardware e.g. Process plant and equipment,
utilities, power generation, lifting gear,
vehicles etc
Software e.g. Control systems, operating andmaintenance procedures, work instructions
Personnel e.g. Operators, maintenance staff,
contractors, visitors etc
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Plant components
Hardware Controlled by design, codes and
standards and good engineering practice
Software Controlled by design, codes and
standards, testing and review
Personnel Controlled by management systems
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Permit-To-Work
A formal written system used to
control certain types of work that are
potentially hazardous
Also a system to communicate
between those managing and running
the plant and those doing the work
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Piper Alphas permit system failed
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Permits
Not simply permission to carry out a
dangerous job
Determines how the job can be done safely
Communicates work methods to those doingthe job, and
Tells those in the surrounding areas what is
going on
Issuing a permit on its own does not makethe job safe
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Common problems with permits Regarded as an easy way to avoid the need to
eliminate hazards or reduce risk
Systems not checked adequately
Permits not identifying the potential hazard
Poor isolation
Personal protective clothing issues
Inadequate hand-back after work has finished
Improper permit design
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Essential features of permit systems
Clear identification of who may authorise
work and who is responsible for specifying the
necessary precautions
Training and instruction in the issue and useof permits
Monitoring and auditing to ensure the system
works as intended
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Functions of system
Ensure proper authorization
Clear identification of job and hazards
Removal of hazards where possible Precautions against residual hazards
System of continuous control/communication
Display of permits Suspension/Handback procedures
Emergency procedures
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Fully documented
Identification of authorised personnel
Identification of responsible personnel
Clear layout
Avoid uncertainties
Different designs
Use by visiting contractors
Permit Requirements
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Procedures
Rules in event of an emergency
Hand-back procedure and work completion
statement
Time limitations included within shift changeover Provision for suspension of work
Cross-referencing with other jobs
Display at site
Regular checks Relevant and working properly
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Description of work
Identify work to be done and associated
hazards
Plans and diagrams
Identification and tagging
Detailed statement for complicated tasks
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Types of Permit to Work 1
Hot Work (heat, sparks, flame etc)
Work which releases flammable substances
Electrical work Entry into and work in confined spaces
Working at height/lifting/falling into sea
Work with radioactive substances
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Types of Permit to Work 2
Work with explosive substances
Excavations
Diving
Pressure testing
Work on safety critical systems (fire or gas
detection, public address or alarms, fire
fighting, life saving equipment)
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Isolation Requirements
The vessel must be positively isolated from the
process
All power equipment must be isolated
All radiation sources must be isolated or removed All practical steps should be taken to purge the
vessel and clean it
Provision must be made for ready entry or exit
The atmosphere must be tested to ensure there is20.6% oxygen and no contaminates
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Types of isolation
Physical disconnection and blanking
Spades or line blinds
Double block and bleed valves
Closed and locked valves
Closed and locked valve
Closed and unlocked single valve
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Physical disconnection and
blanking
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Insertion of a blind or a spade
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Double Block and Bleed valves
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Double Block valves
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Single Block valve
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Electrical lock out hasp
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Valve isolation
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General Rules
Issue permit before commencement of work Valid for duration stated
Revalidate permit if work not started orstopped
Revalidate permit if work not completed withintime mentioned
Fire and safety division officer or operationsauthorised to suspend work if safety regulation
violated Cease work if accidents occur and restart after
investigations and new permit obtained
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Rules for entry
Remove all material
Isolate
Ventilate
Test atmosphere
Emergency preparation
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TIMESCALE FOR OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS
250 s(4.2minutes
)
300 s(5
minutes)
500s(8.3
minutes)
Cessation ofbreathing
35 s45 s100 sUnconsciousness
20 s25 s60 sLoss of muscle
movement
12 s15 s40 sOnset of mental
confusion
0 %5 %10%
Oxygen by Volume %Symptom
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3 fatalities in confined space
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Confined space rescue
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Work instructions
Similar to permits but issued to those who
do potentially hazardous tasks on a
routine basis e.g. operators, laboratorytechnicians, inspectors
Specify precautions to be taken
Communications
Emergency issues
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Operating and Maintenance
proceduresUsed by those performing routine
operating and inspection, repair and
maintenance tasks
Usually for low hazard activities
Hazard checks
Planning and communications still
required
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Job Safety Assessments
Process for identification of hazards,
assessment of risk and determination of
control measures and precautions
Preferably done by all in the work groupOpportunity to communicate common
concerns, experiences
Tool box talks. Could something like
this happen to us on this job?
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What happened: While moving marine riser from the terminal storage area to the deck of a boat thesynthetic slings parted, dropping the riser onto other joints of riser. Substantial damage to the floatation
and choke/kill lines of three riser joints occurred. No injuries were reported. JSA was reviewed andtaglines were in use. Method for lifting was the use of 3 synthetic slings; 2 slings choked at each end ofthe riser and 1 sling connected to the cranes hook with the other slings eyes looped through it. Nospreader bar or riser lifting nubs used.
Key Learning Points
Heat generated from sling to sling friction
was great enough to damage sling.
Incorrect rigging method and equipment
used.
Contractor and Shell policy regarding lifting
and synthetic sling usage not followed
(PTW, certification, storage and safe work
practices).
3rd party testing of syn slings revealed that
55 out of 137 tested were rejected primarily
due to lifting method (heated/ deformed).
Shell EPW Wells HS&E Learning BulletinFountain Report No: 78011 Location: Vitoria Terminal, Brasil Incident Date: 08/ April/2006
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Shell EPW Wells HS&E Learning BulletinFountain Report No: 78011
Marks left by thered webbing sling
Marks left by
the red
webbing sling
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People are your most valuable asset.
They are also the most unreliable,
unpredictable, inconsistent component
of your operation.
Whatever system you put in place to
control them will be run by people.
You have been warned!