CeramicsKulinich Ekaterina, Ph.D, Chair of Silicate Technology and
Nanotechnology
Сeramics -
is an inorganic, non-metallic solid material prepared by the action of heat and next cooling. Ceramic materials have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure
Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension
Ceramics in general stable in very high temperatures (from 1,000°C to 1,600°C).
Traditional ceramic raw materials include: -clay minerals (kaolinite)-aluminiumoxide (feldspare)-silica (sand)
The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word κεραμικός (keramikos) meaning pottery
- domestic- industrial- building- technical- art objects
Types of ceramic products (4 groups:)
Structural ceramics (bricks, pipes, floor and roof tiles
Refractories ceramics (kiln linings, fire radiants, steel and glass making crucibles)
Whitewares (tableware, wall tiles, pottery products, and sanitary ware)
Technical Ceramics (Space Shuttle program, ballistic protection, nuclear fuel pellets, bio-medical implants, blades, and bombs)
Whiteware ceramics Bone china
calcined cattle bone (bone ash)
Characteristics:high whiteness, translucency and strength
Production of bone china usually involves a two stages:
firing of bisque (items without a glaze) at the temperature 1280 °C
glaze (glost) fired at a lower temperature (below 1080 °C)
Earthenware
25% clay, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz, 15% feldspar
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln by the temperatures from1,200 °C to 1,400 °C.
Classification of technical ceramics
Oxides ceramics: alumina, zirconia
Non-oxides ceramics: Carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides
Composites: сombinations of oxides and non-oxides.
Other applications of ceramics
knives
Ball bearings Ceramic balls can be used to replace steel
in ball bearings
ceramic engine (which can run at a temperature of
over 3300°C)
Bio-ceramics-dental implants -synthetic bones- coatings - bone fillers
Main objects
Definition of ceramics History of ceramics Types of ceramics Using of ceramics
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