Ceramic Membranes forOxygen Production in Vision 21Gasification Systems
VanEric Stein and Ted FosterGasification Technologies 2001San Francisco, CAOctober 10, 2001
2© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Acknowledgments
Gary StiegelArun Bose
Edhi JuwonoGeorge GulkoPradeep ThackerHua-Min HuangTom Leininger
Eli DemetriHenry Faulkner
Art SmithRobin Richards abc
3© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Vision 21 includes ceramicmembranes for low-cost oxygen
CO2 Sequestration
Oxygen Mem brane
Electricity
ProcessHeat/Steam
POWER
FUELS
HydrogenS eparation
Gasification
GasS tream
Cleanup
Fuels/Chemicals
F u e l C e l lF u e l C e l l
L iq u id s C o n v e r s io nL iq u id s C o n v e rs io n
H ig h E f f ic ie n c y T u rb in eH ig h E f f ic ie n c y T u r b in e
C oal
OtherFuels
ITMsITMsITMs
4© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Ion Transport Membranesproduce high-purity oxygen
O2- electrons
compressedair
oxygen
P’
P’’O2
O2
O2- ½O2 + 2e-
½O2 + 2e- O2-
Mixed-conducting ceramic membranes (non-porous)
Typically operate at 800-900 °C
Crystalline structure incorporatesoxygen ion vacancies
Oxygen ions diffuse through vacancies
100% selective for O2
jPPOO
O2
2
2∝
ln
'
''
5© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen integrates wellwith power generation cycles
AIRAIROXYGENOXYGEN
FUELFUEL
HeatExchange
Ion TransportIon TransportMembraneMembrane
HRSG
STEAMSTEAM
OxygenBlower
ELECTRICELECTRICPOWERPOWER
Oxygen‘Air’
6© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
IGCC Study with Texaco
IONTRANSPORTMEMBRANE
COALGRINDING &
SLURRY PREPGASIFICATION
LOWTEMPERATUREGAS COOLING
ACID GASREMOVAL
POWERBLOCK
1 CT, 1 ST &1 HRSG
SULFURRECOVERY
TAIL GASTREATING
SOLIDHANDLING
BLACKWATER
HANDLING
Coal
Extraction Air
Oxygen Depleted Air
HP O
xyge
n
CoalSlurry
RawSyngas
RawSyngas
CleanSyngas
Slag
Wat
er
Sour
Cond
ensa
te
Slag Blowdown
Tail Gas
Off
Gas
StackGas
Air
Acid
GasBlack
Water
Hot Extraction Air
Clea
nSy
ngas
Power
Sulfur
LP Oxygen
WaterInjection
IONTRANSPORTMEMBRANE
COALGRINDING &
SLURRY PREPGASIFICATION
LOWTEMPERATUREGAS COOLING
ACID GASREMOVAL
POWERBLOCK
1 CT, 1 ST &1 HRSG
SULFURRECOVERY
TAIL GASTREATING
SOLIDHANDLING
BLACKWATER
HANDLING
Coal
Extraction Air
Oxygen Depleted Air
HP O
xyge
n
CoalSlurry
RawSyngas
RawSyngas
CleanSyngas
Slag
Wat
er
Sour
Cond
ensa
te
Slag Blowdown
Tail Gas
Off
Gas
StackGas
Air
Acid
GasBlack
Water
Hot Extraction Air
Clea
nSy
ngas
Power
Sulfur
LP Oxygen
WaterInjection
7© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
IGCC Study Design Basis
Single-train high-pressure Texaco quenchgasifier (950 psig)
– eastern U.S. coal– raw syngas expander– conventional fuel gas cleaning and SRU
Siemens Westinghouse W501G - 60 Hz (272 MW)100% air / N2 integration of ASU / ITM OxygenHRSG and reheat steam turbine (1800 psig)ISO ambient design conditions
8© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen shows significantbenefits for IGCC
+7409438IGCC Net Power (MW)
∆ (%)CryoASU
ITMOxygen
9© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen shows significantbenefits for IGCC
- 37235147Oxygen Power Req’t (kWh/ton)
+7409438IGCC Net Power (MW)
+240.941.8Net IGCC Efficiency (% LHV)
∆ (%)CryoASU
ITMOxygen
10© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen shows significantbenefits for IGCC
- 37235147Oxygen Power Req’t (kWh/ton)
+7409438IGCC Net Power (MW)
+240.941.8Net IGCC Efficiency (% LHV)
+53,0403,200Oxygen Plant Size (sTPD)
∆ (%)CryoASU
ITMOxygen
11© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen shows significantbenefits for IGCC
- 37235147Oxygen Power Req’t (kWh/ton)
+7409438IGCC Net Power (MW)
+240.941.8Net IGCC Efficiency (% LHV)
- 3520,13213,000Oxygen Plant Cost ($/sTPD)
+53,0403,200Oxygen Plant Size (sTPD)
∆ (%)CryoASU
ITMOxygen
12© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen shows significantbenefits for IGCC
- 37235147Oxygen Power Req’t (kWh/ton)
+7409438IGCC Net Power (MW)
+240.941.8Net IGCC Efficiency (% LHV)
- 3520,13213,000Oxygen Plant Cost ($/sTPD)
- 71,0941,020IGCC Specific Cost ($/kW)
-----448,000447,000Total IGCC Cost ($,000)
+53,0403,200Oxygen Plant Size (sTPD)
∆ (%)CryoASU
ITMOxygen
13© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen is a three-phasedevelopment effort
Phase I - proof of concept– ceramic fabrication scale-up– process concept validation tests at lab-scale
14© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Ceramic Fabrication scaled-upin component size and volume
1
3
5
7
9
7/00
9/00
11/0
0
1/01
3/01
5/01
7/01
Rel
ativ
e M
embr
ane
Are
a
Transitioned to Full-SizeMembrane Components
in July 2000
15© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Oxygen flux from sub-scalemembranes meets target
Relat
ive O
xyge
n Fl
ux
Feb-99 Apr-00 Sep-00 Oct-00 Apr-01
1
2
3 Commercial RangePhase ITarget
ITM Material & CeramicProcessing Improvements
subscale membrane assemblies at T and PO2 typical for full process conditions
16© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
ITM Oxygen is a three-phasedevelopment effort
Phase I - proof of concept– ceramic fabrication scale-up– process concept validation tests at lab-scale
Phase II - scale-up to 5 TPD– design, construction, testing of 5 TPD unit– engineering, cost, scale-up data for Phase III
Phase III - 25 TPD pre-commercial demo unit– fully integrated with gas turbine– tested at suitable field site
17© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
Commercialization begins 2006
Phase II
Phase I
Phase IIICommercialization
Technical Feasibility0.1 TPD
Eng’g Prototypes1 & 5 TPD
Pre-commercial~25 TPD
CY 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
18© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2001
DisclaimerA significant portion of this report was prepared by Air Productsand Chemicals, Inc. pursuant to a Cooperative Agreement partiallyfunded by the United States Department of Energy, and neither AirProducts and Chemicals, Inc. nor any of its contractors orsubcontractors nor the United States Department of Energy, norany person acting on behalf of either:1. Makes any warranty or representation, express or implied,with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained in this report, or that the use of anyinformation, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this reportmay not infringe privately owned rights; or2. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or fordamages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus,method, or process disclosed in this report. Reference herein toany specific commercial products, process, or service by tradename, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarilyconstitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoringby the United States Department of Energy. The views andopinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state orreflect those of the United States Department of Energy.
Thank youThis paper was written with support of the U.S. Department of Energyunder Contract No. DE-FC26-98FT40343. The Government reservesfor itself and others acting on its behalf a royalty-free, nonexclusive,irrevocable, worldwide license for Governmental purposes to publish,distribute, translate, duplicate, exhibit and perform this copyrightedpaper.
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