CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
ESA Earth Observation Activitiesrelevant to CEOP and IGOS
Einar-Arne HerlandEO Science and Application Department
ESA-ESTEC
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
European satellites
Envisat
MetOp MSG
ERS
+
2004
Swarm
EarthCARE
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
The ESA EO missions:The Living Planet
The Living Planet programmeThe Living Planet programme
Earth Explorer To better understand the Earth
Earth WatchTo initiate long term monitoring systems and services
Technology / exploitation To develop more efficient approaches
The programme has 3 basic elements:
The ESA Living Planet Programme was created in consultation with the key players: Europe’s scientists, Industry, European Commission, EUMETSAT and many others.
=> GMESSentinels
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
The Earth Explorers
Granada ‘96/99
SMOSSMOS
CryoSatCryoSat Call ‘01Call ‘98
CORE MISSIONS (EECM)CORE MISSIONS (EECM)
ACE+
EGPM
SWARM
Granada ‘01
ACECHEM
EarthCARE
SPECTRA
WALES
WATS
Phase
A
Frascati ‘04
Call ‘00
Phase
A
GOCEGOCE
ADM-AeolusADM-Aeolus
EarthCARE
SPECTRA
Explorer-5
SWARM
Frascati ‘04
DownselectExplorer-6EarthCARE
Nov. ‘04
Select
EGPMEarth Watch
OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS (EEOM)OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS (EEOM)
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
GOCE - Gravity Field and Steady-StateOcean Circulation Explorer
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005Nasjonalt Jordobservasjonsseminar, 28-29 oktober 2004
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
CryoSat – measuring ice thickness
Height changes in Antarctica during 1992-96
The altimeter measures changes in the thickness of the polar icecaps and glaciers
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
The satellite for Atmospheric Dynamic Mission
Deployed, non rotatable solar arrayAladin Lidar
X Band Antenna2 S Band AntennasAladin RadiatorAladin Detector RadiatorThrusters
Star Tracker
12345678
11
2
3
45
5
6
7
8
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
• GEWEX– Observation requirements for 3-d tropospheric wind– Consistent with those of NWP/GCM communities
• SPARC– Need for assimilation products, esp. 3-d wind fields– Stratosphere-troposphere coupling & exchange
• CLIVAR– Tropospheric winds, esp. over oceans (monsoons)
NWP “pre-processing” applies quality control and adds value – recognized by WCRP Scientific Steering Groups
Operational missions lead to long-term climate datasets
Science benefits from Aeolus
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
SMOS: The Soil Moisture andOcean Salinity Mission
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
SMOS – measuring soil moistureand ocean salinity
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Scope of EarthCARE
Global observations of aerosol-cloud-radiation and aerosol-cloud-precipitation-convection processes.
Vertical profiles to derive instantaneous radiative flux with an accuracy of 10 W m-2
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
EarthCARE Summary
EarthCARE has been defined with the specific scientific objectivesof quantifying aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions so they may be included correctly in climate and numerical weather forecasting models to provide:
• Vertical profiles of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on a global scale, their radiative properties and interaction with clouds.
• Vertical distribution of atmospheric liquid water and ice on a global scale, their transport by clouds and radiative impact.
• Cloud overlap in the vertical, cloud-precipitation interactions and the characteristics of vertical motion within clouds.
• The profiles of atmospheric radiative heating and cooling through a combination of retrieved aerosol and cloud properties.
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Observation Techniques
Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols
Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols
Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction
Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction
Convective updraft and ice fall speedConvective updraft and ice fall speed
Horizontal structure of clouds and aerosolsHorizontal structure of clouds and aerosols
Shortwave and longwavefluxes at Top of AtmosphereShortwave and longwavefluxes at Top of Atmosphere
Broadband Radiometer
Needs
Broadband Radiometer
Multispectral Imager
Multispectral Imager
Doppler RadarDoppler Radar
RadarRadar
High spectral resolution Lidar
High spectral resolution Lidar
Techniques
CPRCPR
MSIMSI
BBRBBR
ATLIDATLID
EarthCARE instruments
Temperature and humidity from operational analysis
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Measurement synergy
radiative flux profiles
radiative flux profiles
synergy
Sensors Geophysical products
CPR
Process studies
CPR
MSIMSI
BBRBBR
ATLIDATLID
precipitationprecipitation
ice and water clouds
ice and water clouds
aerosolsaerosols
TOA fluxTOA flux
clouds and precipitationclouds and
precipitation
aerosols and clouds
aerosols and clouds
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy
synergy synergy
CPRCPR precipitationprecipitationCPRCPR
MSIMSI
ATLIDATLID ice and water clouds
ice and water cloudssynergy
radiative flux profiles
radiative flux profiles
synergy
precipitationprecipitation
ice and water clouds
ice and water clouds
aerosolsaerosols
ice and water clouds
ice and water clouds
aerosolsaerosols aerosols and clouds
aerosols and clouds
synergy
radiative flux profiles
radiative flux profiles
TOA fluxTOA flux consistency checkconsistency check
precipitationprecipitation
ice and water clouds
ice and water clouds
clouds and precipitationclouds and
precipitationsynergy
TOA fluxTOA flux
MSIMSI
BBRBBRsynergy
synergyaerosolsaerosolsMSIMSI
ATLIDATLID
synergy
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
What ENVISAT can see when it looks down
Underwater: RA-2 and DORIS combine to produce a detailed map of local gravitational strength, detecting the distribution of denser and less dense rock in the Earth crust beneath the oceans.
Sea level: AATSR measures sea surface temperature to 0.3 °C accuracy. MERIS precisely maps ocean colour, plankton and chlorophyll distributions. ASAR and RA-2 measure ocean currents, average wave-heights and wind velocities.
Ground level: ASAR, AATSR and MERIS map the vegetation and land use around you.
Altitude 0 to 4 km :ASAR and RA-2 create an accurate digital map of your surroundings, with height contours as accurate as 10 m.
Altitude 0 to 10 km: MERIS obtains an image in which the clouds you see are but a part of a complex map of the concentration of water vapour.
Altitude 0 to 20 km: MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are detecting low levels of gases from industry, power generation and agriculture.
Altitude 0 to 100 km: GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are building a three-dimensional profile of ozone concentrations in the atmosphere.
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
European Service & IT Industry
EOPublicPolicy
Space AgenciesScientific CommunityAerospace Industry
Value Adding Industry
Governments, EUInternational Organisations
Regulatory BodiesIndustry
General Public
Solutions
NeedsNeeds
GMES
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
GMES
In Situ Component
Comm. PublicPublic Public Science
Space Space SegmentSegment
PDS In-situAirborne
Other
non-spacesystems
GMES Services
Space Component / EO Component
Service Component
In-Situ Data Access
FOS
PDS
NationalCooperative
Missions
PDS
FOS
EUMETSAT
EO Data Access Integration Layer
ESA
FOSInteroperability
Interoperability
Ground Ground SegmentSegment
PublicComm. Public
Service Infrastructure and Support
Data Integration & Information Management
Added info
USERS
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
inputs toGMES report
GSEITT
contracts servicereviews
programmereview
consolidation
User Consultations
full operationalisation
servicereviews
servicereviews
servicereviews
New Servicespreparation
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
GSE Programme Sequence
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
• Continuation of C-band SAR observations
• Land superspectral mission
• Ocean monitoring mission
• Atmospheric composition from geostationary orbit
• Atmospheric composition from low earth orbit
GMES Sentinels
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Sentinels: European EO Heritage
Radarsat
GOME
Poseidon-1 Jason-1
MERIS AATSR
RA-1 RA-2
Vegetation
SAR, ATSRASAR
SCAT
Jason-2
ALT
VIRI
SAR
OCEAN
LANDSUPER
ATMOS-GEO
ATMOS-LEO
GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIA
LANDSAT, AIRBORNE
Radarsat
GOME
Poseidon-1 Jason-1
MERIS AATSR
RA-1 RA-2
Vegetation
SAR, ATSRASAR
SCAT
Jason-2
ALT
VIRI
SAR
OCEAN
LANDSUPER
ATMOS-GEO
ATMOS-LEO
GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIA
LANDSAT, AIRBORNE
GMES S-1
WSOA /OSTM
GMES S-3
GMES S-2
CryoSat
METOP
GMES S-4
GMES S-5
ERS-1/2
SPOT
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Sentinel Requirements Definition - Steps
1. User Service Needs • User Requirements Documents for GSE studies• Must agree on the relevant needs of NWP, FP5/6, and others
2. Operational Product/Parameter Needs • e.g. Chla to n% accuracy, SST accurate to 0.3K abs. & 0.1K/decade
3. Observational Requirements • Measurement Requirements
parameters/timeliness/frequency/etc..bands, swath width, resolution sampling requirements/orbits etc.)
• Basic sensor requirementse.g. Alt, MERIS follow-on, AATSR follow-on
4. Ground Segment Requirements • timeliness/data latency• NRT (<3 h) data flow to the product service providers
5. System Requirements • instrument specifications (e.g. PRF/accuracy/sensitivity)• Mass/Power launch constraints; Downlink rates etc
URD
MRD
SRD
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Sentinel 1: C-band SAR
Continuity of existing C-band SAR data sources
Three monitoring priorities from the GSE activities:the European Marine Environmentthe Arctic Environment and sea-ice zonesland-surface motion risks in Europe
Detailed requirements developed from on-going GSE activities
Dual polarisation and interferometric capability required
Geometric resolution in the range 5-100 m
Canada’s Radarsat is part of the system
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Sentinel 2: Superspectral imaging
Mainly for land applications replacing and augmenting Landsat type of data
A large number of missions existing world wide that can provide similar data, among them national missions and ESA Third Party Missions
Data exchange agreements considered
Infrared sensor for fire detection considered for inclusion in the payload
Some land requirements can be satisfied by Sentinel-3
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Sentinel 3: Actors and Data Flows
NWP Forcing Data
ECMWFUKMO
FNMOCNCEP
Surface Fluxes
Op. Sat. Data
ESA/EumetsatOSI-SAF
SSALTO/DUACS (F)NOAA
>L2 Products
In Situ DataMoorings,
Floats, Ships
Coriolis (F)CERSAT (F)
Operational Forecast Models
MERSEA (Strand1) FP6 LIP> 40 Partner Institutions
TOPAZ (N)
MERCATOR (F)
FOAM UKMO)
Mediterranean Forecast System
(MFS) (I)
Operational Ice Services
ESA GMES Services
0110
0111
010…
ProductDistribution
Services
Or
Live AccessServer
Govts.Environment
Agencies, etc.
Policy Customers
Scientists
General Public
DMI (via OSI-SAF), FIMR,
SMHI, etc (EU)
ShippingFishing
Offshore Marine Survey Drilling
Forecasters, etc..
Commercial Customers
CIS (Can)
Grid
ding
& D
ata
Proj
ectio
n
VACs
Operational oceanography
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
• Announcement of opportunity resulted in close to one hundred proposals
• Workshop in Pretoria in late 2004 laid out a ten year plan for TIGER
• Application made to the EU for funding together with UNESCO
• About 25 AO projects to start very soon
• Close relationship to the IGWCO through the capacity building
TIGER
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005
Aquifer project
Support the management of transboundary aquifers in Africa
Develop and demonstrate products and services
Support, develop and demonstrate local production
28 months starting September 2004
1.4 billion people without access to safe drinking water
• Users: Ministries in Algeria, Libya, Mali,Niger, Nigeria, Tunisia
• User coordinator: Observatoire du Sahel et du Sahara (OSS)
• 4 African service providers
CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar 4, 2005Nigeria
Mali
Niger
• DTMs
• land-use & land-use change
• water extension & dynamics
• soil moisture
• subsidence monitoring
• water abstraction
1:500,000 maps covering entire aquifers
1:50,000-100,000 maps covering 200,000 km2
Science products covering 25,000 km2
SASS
Aquifer products & sites
Iullemeden
1 Mkm2 each