Cell Structure & Function Eukaryotes Plant & Animal
Cells
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An area inside the nucleus made up of RNA and protein and plays
a role in the formation of ribosomes. 1.
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The largest organelle in the cell which contain chromosomes,
which in turn contain the cells DNA. It is like the brain of the
cell. 2.
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The most numerous organelle in a cell, it is the site of
protein synthesis. Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
and some are free floating in the cytoplasm. 3.
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Small, bubble-like membranous structures that store and
transport cellular products. They originate from the endomembrane
system. 4.
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An elaborate membrane network studded with ribosomes. It is the
site where polypeptides are folded and assembled into secretory
proteins, like insulin and hemoglobin. Membrane components are also
made here. 5.
This organelle receives proteins and lipids from the ER where
they are modified, sorted, and packaged for storage or transport in
and out of the cell. It is known as the warehouse or shipping
station. 6.
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This represents one component of a web of proteins known as the
__. Its components include microtubules and microfilaments, which
help cells keep their shape, divide, transport products, and move
about. 7.
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An elaborate membrane network where carbohydrates, lipids,
hormones, and steroids are made. It also produces enzymes that help
get rid of toxins, such as drugs. 8.
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Known as the powerhouse of the cell. It converts chemical
energy stored in food (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) into
usable compounds, like ATP. 9.
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Large membranous sacs that store material like water, proteins,
salts, and sugars. Plants have a very large one that helps keep the
plant upright. Paramecia uses special ones that contract to pump
excess water out of the cell. 10.
The portion of the cell outside the nucleus. It contains the
cytosol (liquid portion) and organelles. 11.
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These membranous sacs carry digestive enzymes that breakdown
and recycle macromolecules, like lipids, sugars, and proteins. They
also help break down organelles that are no longer useful. They are
not found in plant cells. 12.
Slide 16
Found only in animal cells, these structures are made out of
microtubules. While associated with mitotic spindle and cell
division, it is unclear what their function is. 13.
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Made of a lipid bilayer, this structure controls what enters
and leaves the cell. It also protects and supports the cell.
14.
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Tiny hair-like folds in the plasma membrane that extend from
the surface of many absorptive and secretory cells. They are about
10 times smaller than cilia. 15. 15
A long hair-like structure that acts primarily as an organelle
of locomotion. 16. 16
Slide 21
Short hair-like structures that acts primarily as an organelle
of locomotion or to move liquid past the surface of a cell. They
are made of microtubules and are about 10 times larger than
microvilli. 17. 17
Slide 22
The yellow thread-like structures (~25 nm diameter) are made up
of proteins called tubulins. They are found in hair- like
organelles called flagella and cilia and act as tracks for
organelles and vesicles to move on. They are also make up
centrioles and mitotic spindles. 18. 18 Tubulin Tubulin
Slide 23
The purple thread-like structures (~7 nm diameter) are made up
of proteins called actin. They are constantly being built up and
taken down in different parts of the cell, allowing amoebas and
other cells to crawl along surfaces. 19. 19 actin Amoeba
Slide 24
The green thread-like structures (8-12 nm diameter) is a key
structural component of cells. Made of keratin proteins, these
filaments also serve to anchor desmosomes (anchoring junctions) to
the cytoplasm. 20. Desmosomes 20 Keratin
Microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant
cells and some algal cells, enabling transport and communication
between them. 21. 21
Slide 27
The internal compartments formed by the folding of the inner
membrane of a mitochondrion. This folding greatly increases the
surface area for the production of ATP in the cell. 22. 22
Slide 28
A small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many
bacteria. 23. 1 m 23
Slide 29
Flattened membrane structures that contain fluid. Found in
endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies. 24. 24
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25. Hint: Powerhouse of the cell. What might the purple dots
be?
36. Cell A Cell B Identify the dark-blue linear structures
bordering each cell.
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37. Hint: You are looking at the surface of a nuclear
envelope
Slide 46
38. What is the rod-shaped organelle and what membranous
structure surrounds it?
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39a 39b 39. Hint: None of these structures are cilia.
Slide 48
40 40. What is the long tube called and what is its
function.
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36. Cell (plasma) membrane 37. Nuclear pores 38. Mitochondrion
& RER 39. Flagella & pili 40. Conjugation (sex) or F
(fertility) pilus (It is used to transfer a plasmid from a donor
bacterium to a recipient bacterium).
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41a 41b 41. Hint: Both are part of the endomembrane
system.
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~25 nm { Inside a nerve axon 42. What are these cytoskeleton
tubes called? Hint: Cilia and flagella are made of these.
Slide 52
43 { Paramecium 43. Hint: They pump water out of the cell.
Slide 53
44. Hint: This is a cross section showing 27 microtubules. They
are arranged as 9 groups of triplet microtubules.
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45
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41. RER (41a) and SER (41b) 42. Microtubules 43. Contractile
vacuoles 44. Cross-section of centriole or basal body 45.
Mitochondria
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
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46. Cell (plasma) membrane 47. Centrioles 48. Golgi body 49.
Nucleolus 50. Nucleus with chromatin
66. Pilus 67. Flagellum 68. Prokaryote 69. Plant (corn leaf)
70. None of these. Euglena are protists. (Euglena have chloroplasts
like plants but lack a cell wall. Unlike plants, they have
flagella, a red eyespot, and are able to consume food via
phagocytosis.