CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND STEM CELL THERAPY

DONE BY: BAYRON PEREZ, KAMAU STAUGHAN, URIEL COWO, DONOVAN

BLANCO, SABRINA BLANCO, AND CESAR PINTOR

OBJECTIVES OF THIS PRESENTATION:

1. WHAT IS CELL DIFFERENTIATION

2. IMPORTANCE OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

3. PROCESS OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

4. TYPES OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

5. KNOWING ABOUT STEM CELL THERAPY

CELL DIFFERENTIATION

• A PROCESS WHERE A LESS SPECIALIZED CELL BECOMES A MORE SPECIALIZED CELL TYPE

• OCCURS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISM

• SIMPLE ZYGOTE, TO A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF TISSUES AND CELL TYPES

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

• DIFFERENTIATES US FROM SINGLE-CELL ORGANISMS

• DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC TISSUES FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

• NO CELL DIFFERENTIATION MEANS NO FORMATION OF DIFFERENT TISSUES

• NO FORMATION OF DIFFERENT TISSUES MEANS MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISM WILL NOT EXIST

HOW DOES IT WORK?

• ALL CELLS HAVE THE SAME GENES

• CERTAIN GENES ARE ACTIVATED DEPENDING WHAT FUNCTION THEY ARE GIVEN

• THESE GENES CODE PROTEINS

• THESE PROTEINS AFFECT FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF CELLS

TYPES OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

• GERM CELL- CELL CONTAINING HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF A SOMATIC CELL

-ABLE TO UNITE WITH ONE FROM THE OPPOSITE SEX FORMING A GAMETE

• SOMATIC CELL-ANY CELL OF A LIVING ORGANISM OTHER THAN THE REPRODUCTIVE CELLS

• STEM CELL- UNDIFFERENTIATED CELL OF A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM

- CAPABLE OF GIVING RISE TO INDEFINITELY MORE CELLS OF THE SAME TYPE

DEFINITIONS

• PLURIPOTENT-CELL THAT IS ABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO ALL TYPES OF THE ADULT ORGANISM

• IN ANIMALS THESE ARE CALLED EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

• IN PLANTS THEY ARE CALLED MERISTEMATIC CELLS

• TOTIPOTENT – A CELL THAT IS ABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO ALL TYPES , INCLUDING THE

PLACENTAL TISSUE

STEM CELL THERAPY

• STEM CELLS ARE UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS THAT CAN DIFFERENTIATE INTO SPECIALIZED CELLS

• USAGE OF STEM CELLS TO TREAT CANCEROUS DISEASE OR CONDITION SUCH AS LEUKAEMIA

OR LYMPHOMA.

• MOSTLY BONE MARROW USED

• COMPLICATIONS CAN BE GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE