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CEE 498NConstruction Engineering
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Outline
• What is construction engineering?• Contemporary construction projects• Construction engineer careers
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Construction Engineering
• Most everything is constructed• No assembly instructions• Work with people• Work with all CEE disciplines• Construction is a business
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What is Construction Engineering?
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Some Assembly Required
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Some Assembly Required
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Some Assembly Required
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Some Assembly Required
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What is Construction Engineering?
Pictures from www.wilsonbridge.com
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Safeco Field (1999)
Photos from the Seattle PI
Picture from Integral GIS, Inc.
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Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakimaca. 2005
1,377 ft long325 ft above canyon floor
http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7268
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`Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakima
ca. 1970
Photo from Kiewit Co.
New Bay BridgeOakland, CA
pictures from newbaybridge.org
photo from Kiewit Co.
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Bellevue Tower Crane
photos from the Seattle Times
16 November 2006: Tower crane falls in Bellevue and kills 1
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Husky StadiumPicture from Widows Live Local
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Husky Stadium5 February 1987: North end upper deck collapses during construction
photos by John Stamets, UW photo from Seattle Odyssey
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Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge
• Built: 1940• Sank: 1990• Rebuilt: 1993
Seattle side Mercer Island side
Picture from Widows Live Local
25Photo from WSDOT
8 midsection pontoons sink during construction in 1990
Estimated loss: $69 million
Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge
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Construction is a BusinessFrom 2006 Engineering News-Record Top 400 Contractors
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Construction Industry Snapshot
• Large industry– 9 million jobs– $900 billion (2003)– 8% of GDP
• Room for improvement– 40% of raw materials– 15 – 20% of waste stream
• Fragmented– Mostly smaller companies– Most < 50 people
Source: ASTM Standardization News (April 2004) and Worldwatch Institute Paper No. 124 (1995)
66.7
17.7
9.1
4.51.8
0.2
17.014.1 15.2
16.8
22.2
14.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 249 250+
Establishment Size
Per
cen
t
Establishments
Employees
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Construction Industry
Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)
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5
41
9
42
8
47
7
50
3
55
2
60
0 65
0
66
2
66
0
70
3 80
4 89
9
11
6 12
0
13
0 13
9 15
1 15
4 17
0 18
6
20
6
21
7 22
4
23
0
24
5
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Co
nst
ruc
tio
n P
ut-
in-P
lace
(b
illi
on
s o
f d
oll
ars
)
PublicPrivate $1.14 trillion in 2005
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Construction Industry 2005
$13 billion
$48 billion
$74 billion
$37 billion
$79 billion
$8 billion
$10 billion
$19 billion
$27 billion
$13 billion
$37 billion
$66 billion
$16 billion
$11 billion
$5 billion
$31 billion
$0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400
Lodging
Office
Commercial
Health care
Educational
Religious
Public safety
Amusement and recreation
Transportation
Communication
Power
Highway and street
Sewage and waste disposal
Water supply
Conservation and development
Manufacturing
Residential
Construction Put-in-Place (billions of dollars)
$651 billion
Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)
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Career Paths
AssistantSuperintendent
AssistantProject Manager
Superintendent
Project Manager
SeniorSuperintendent
SeniorProject Manager
ConstructionExecutive
VP/Owner
Field/EngineeringAssistant
Inspector/Scheduler/Estimator
Project Engineer
from ASCE (http://www.asce.org/pdf/careerpathfinal.pdf)
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Typical Traits/Skills
• Communication• Leadership• Creativity• Practical• Problem solving• Work with people• Attention to detail
• Basic computer skills• Read/make plans• Engineering license• Scheduling• Design• Surveying
Traits Skills
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Entry Level Tasks
Planning
Estimating
Scheduling
Cost control
Material/equipment management
Surveying
Quantity tracking
Temporary structure design
Field operations supervision
Subcontractor coordination
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Echelon Place, Las Vegas, NV$4 billionLas Vegas resort in place of theCurrent Stardust locationBoyd Gaming Corp.http://www.echelonresort.com
Project CityCenter, Las Vegas, NV$7 billion66 acre mixed use2,800 condo units4,800 hotel rooms470,000 ft2 retail spacehttp://www.projectcitycenter.com
Hanford Cleanup, WA$12 billionWorld’s largest environmental cleanup53 million gallons of waste9 tons of plutoniumGroundwater contaminationhttp://www.hanford.gov
City Water Tunnel No. 3, NY$6 billion
60 miles of water tunnel50-yr construction time
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/news/3rdtunnel.html
Southeast Corridor (T-REX) in Denver$1.75 billion17 miles of highway improvement19 miles of light railhttp://www.trexproject.com
Miami Intermodal Center$1.9 billionMultimodal transportation facilityhttp://www.micdot.com
Big Dig (Boston)$14.6 billion
Underground existing viaducts2 underwater tunnel routes
New/upgraded highway interchangeshttp://www.masspike.com/bigdig
Central Texas Turnpike$3.6 billion3 new highways around Austin areaNew/upgraded highway interchangeshttp://www.texastollways.com/tta
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Woodrow Wilson Bridge (Potomac)$2.5 billion
New bridge across PotomacNew/upgraded highway interchanges
http://www.wilsonbridge.com
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Benicia-Martinez Bridge$1 billionNew bridge in Vallejo areahttp://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/Ben-Mar/Ben-Mar.html
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San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge$6.3 billionNew bridge from Oakland to Y.B. Islandhttp://www.newbaybridge.org
Dubai waterfront$15 billionMan-made islands, shorelinehttp://www.nakheel.ae
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Pearl Bridge)$3.6 billion10 years to construct¥ 2,600 ($22) each way for cars25,000 vehicles/day
Great Belt (Storebǽlt - Denmark)$3.5 billion (1988 value)
28 Euros ($34) each way for cars132 Euros ($159) each way for lorries
Picture from B. Kattanppuram Blog
Picture from Mount Holyoke College
Millau Viaduct$523 million to construct39 month constructionTolls
•$6.50 toll one way in winter•$8.62 toll one way in summer
Picture from arzan blog
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Chek Lap Kok Airport (Hong Kong)$20 billion
Completed 1998
Picture from Balfour Beatty Rail
SeaTac 3rd Runway$1.2 billionCompletion by 2008 or 2009
Picture from Widows Live Local
Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)$6 billion20 year construction (1/2 way now)
Photo from ETH Life International
Photo from Biz/ed
Channel Tunnel$21 billionCompleted 1994
Panama Canal Expansion$5.25 billion8 year construction (begin 2007)
Map from ACP
Thai Canal (Thailand)$20-25 billion projectedMay or may not happen
Photo from Google Earth
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Hibernia (Grand Banks)$5 billion
1.3 million tons
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Hibernia
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Project: New Tacoma Narrows BridgeLocation: Tacoma, WACost: $900 million
84 Thursday, 22 September 2004 Tuesday, 6 December 2005
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
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Tuesday, 1 August 2006
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Project: Link Light RailLocation: Seattle, WACost: $2.7 billion
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Project: Hood Canal BridgeLocation: Tacoma, WACost: $471 million
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Transportation Infrastructure Construction
Puget Sound Area Project Potential Cost
Everett HOV lanes $0.3 billion
Hood Canal Bridge east half replacement
$0.5 billion
Tacoma Narrows Bridge $0.9 billion
Sea-Tac 3rd runway $1.2 billion
SR 520 Bridge replacement $3.9 billion
Sound Transit Link Light Rail $2.7 billion
I-405 corridor improvements $3.2 billion
Alaska Way Viaduct $4.6 billion
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Transportation Infrastructure Construction
Project Potential Cost
I-90 Spokane to Idaho state line $0.2 billion
SR 16 Nalley Valley viaduct $0.2 billion
SR 704 cross-base highway (I-5 to SR 7)
$0.3 billion
Ferries (8 terminals) $0.8 billion
I-5/SR 509 freight & congestion relief $1.0 billion
I-90 Snoqualmie Pass east $1.0 billion
SR 167 Tacoma to Edgewood extension
$2.2 billion
I-5 pavement reconstruction $??? billion
I-5 Columbia River crossing $??? billion
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Current Research
• Construction and transportation– PCC pavement best practices– Rapid pavement construction– Dowel bar retrofit analysis– Warm mix asphalt– Green roads– Airfield pavement construction best practices
• Engineering learning and training– Self-directed learning– Organizational training– Pavement Guides– Virtual Superpave Laboratory– Pavement Tools Consortium
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Concrete PavementConcrete PavementDesign and Construction
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Legend = Uncomfortably & expensively rough = Still considered acceptable
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Current Research
• WSDOT 2005 – 2007– Rapid Construction
Rapid PavementConstruction
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Dowel Bar Retrofits
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Dowel Bar Retrofits
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Airfield Pavement Construction Best Practices
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Green Roads
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Green Roads
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Green Roads
Warm Mix AsphaltTypical Hot Mix Asphalt
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