Carnot Engine and Carnot Cycle

Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot(1796 – 1832)

Steam Engine

Engines and Refrigerators

Second Law (Kelvin Statement)

Lord Kelvin(1824 – 1907)

Second Law (Clausius Statement)

Rudolf Clausius(1822 – 1888)

Equivalence of 2nd Law StatementsAssume the Clausius Stmt is Wrong

Assume the Kelvin Stmt is Wrong

Can Qh and Qc Have the Same Sign?

Can Irrev Engine be more Effec than Rev Engine?

Clausius Inequality

Generalizing