CANCERTHE BIG “C”
OUR NATION’S SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
CANCER DEFINED
CANCER IS A GROUP OF DISEASES CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED GROWTH & SPREAD OF ABNORMAL CELLS; IT STARTS WITH THE ABNORMAL GROWTH OF ONLY ONE CELL
GROWTH STAGES OF CANCER
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UNDERSTANDING
Normal Cell Reproduction
Our bodies contain some 100 trillion cells; cells
reproduce to replace & restore old/decrepit tissue
the nucleus of each cell contains the genetic
materials, dna & rna WHICH CONTROLS & REGULATES
CELL REPRODUCTION
oncoGenes & suppressor genes are found inside
dna and work together in cell reproduction
Dna molecules are replicated exactly during cell division
in THE few instances dna moleculeS ARE not replicated exactly, specialized enzymes ACT swiftly TO REPAIR
Oncogenes initiate cell division;
Suppressor genes deactivate the process of cell
division
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
ABNORMAL CELL REPRODUCTION
When the body is exposed to external factors like
chemicals, radiation, & viruses; & internal factors like hormones, immune conditions,
and genetic mutations
Oncogenes and supporessor genes become defective & lose their ability to control/regulate cell
reproduction
Cell division is disrupted
Mutant, or cancerous,
cells can develop
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
The mutated cells may start to grow continuously to develop an abnormal mass of tissue called a tumor.
TUMORS CAN BE:BENIGN- NONCANCEROUS;
CAN INTEREFERE WITH BODILY FUNCTIONS, BUT DO NOT INVADE OTHER TISSUES
ORMALIGNANT- CANCEROUS;
CAN INVADE ANY TISSUE OR ORGAN IN THE BODY
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365 Photo credit: http://cv-mrsdabbs.wikispaces.com
Cell divisions cause chromosomes to lose telomeres.
The loss of telomeres is vital to rid the body of the old/damaged cell
The cell divides multiple times until there are no longer any telomeres present
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
PROCESS OF CELL DIVISIONMA STRAND OF MOLECULES AT
BOTH ENDS OF A CHROMOSOME
Abnormal Cell Division Tumors produce telomerase, an enzyme
that keeps telomeres from completely deteriorating.
This allows the damaged cell to reproduce indefinitely to produce a…..
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
Malignant Tumor
A.K.A.
CANCER
CARCINOMA IN SITU:A MALIGNANT TUMOR COVERED IN A
PROTECTED COATING PREVENTING THE
SPREAD OF CANCER. AT THIS STAGE, CANCER HAS MULTIPLIED INTO
BILLIONS IF LEFT UNDETECTED, THE TUMOR WILL HAVE
BEEN PROVIDED WITH THE OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS NEEDED TO SPREAD
SOME CANCER CELLS WILL BEGIN PRODUCING CHEMICALS TO ENHANCE ANGIOGENESIS INTO THE TUMOR, OR THE FORMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS.
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
METASTASIS:THE MOVEMENT OF CELLS THROUGHOUT
THE BODY Angiogenesis is the predecessor of metastasis
At this point, cancerous cells can break away from the malignant tumor and spread throughout the body
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
Photo credit: http://beauchemin.wikispaces.com/Cell+Cycle
ONE COMMON SITE OF CANCER:
ORAL CANCER
AFFECTS THE LIPS, MOUTH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS,
PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND FLOOR OF THE MOUTH.
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 389PHOTO CREDIT: Klaus D. Peter, Gummersbach, Germany
PHOTO CREDIT: Creative Commons / bionerd
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 389
WARNING SIGNS SORE IN THE MOUTH THAT DOESN’T HEAL WHITE PATCHES OR LUMP IN MOUTH PROBLE,S WITH CHEWING/SWALLOWING FEELING AS IF THERE IS “SOMETHING”
STUCK IN THROAT
GET EVALUATED BY A PHYSICIAN OR DENTIST IF YOU EXPERIENCE ANY OF THESE SYMPTOMS!!!!
3 FACTORS THAT COULD HAVE LED TO THE PREVENTION OF THIS CANCER:
1. AVOID ALCOHOL, OR CONSUME IN MODERATION.HEAVY ALCOHOL AND SMOKING COMBINED CAN INCREASE YOUR RISK FOR MOUTH, THROAT, LARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, AND
LIVER CANCER 15 FOLD!AS LITTLE AS ONE DRINK PER DAY INCREASES A
WOMEN’S RISK BY 13%
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 373
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REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE
2. COMPLETELY ABSTAIN FROM SMOKING!!!!
OR STOP SMOKING IF YOU ARE!!!SMOKING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 470,000
UNNECESSARY DEATHS IN THE U.S. AND 170,000 LUNG CANCER-RELATED DEATHS
SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO 15 ADDITIONAL TYPES OF CANCER: ORAL, LIP, NASAL, PHARYNGEAL, LARYNGEAL, ESOPHAGEAL, UTERINE, STOMACH, AND PANCREATIC CANCER
LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR A CHRONIC SMOKER IS ROUGHLY 15 YRS SHORTER THAN A NON-SMOKER
3. HEALTHY DIET/PHYSICALLY ACTIVE 1/3 OF ALL CANCER IS RELATED TO POOR NUTRITION INCREASE CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES(BROCCOLI,
CAULIFLOWER, CABBAGE, BRUSSEL SPROUTS, & KOHLRABI), GREEN & DARK YELLOW VEGETABLES, BEANS (LEGUMES)
EAT MORE BRIGHTLY COLORED FRUITS & VEGGIES CONTAIN CAROTENOIDS WHICH HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LOWER THE RISK OF CERTAIN CANCERS
GET YOUR VITAMINS & MINERALS FROM WHOLE FOOD SOURCES; AVOID NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS
SERIOUSLY LIMIT SUGAR & HIGH-SUGAR FOODS EXERCISE STRENGTHENS/IMPROVES THE BODY’S
AUTOIMMUNE SYSTEM IN WHICH GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PLAYS A ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF CANCER
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 370-376
STOP CANCER!! CALL TO ACTION: 2 RISK FACTORS THAT CAN HELP PREVENT
CANCER…TODAY
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ASSESS YOUR RISK OF CANCER AND MINIMIZE ALL EXTERNAL FACTORS AS BEST AS YOU CAN:1. STOP SMOKING NOW!!2. LIMIT ALCOHOL, BETTER YET, DON’T DRINK!!
Reference: Hoeger & Hoeger (12th edition) Lifetime Physical Fitness & Wellness
CHECK OUT THIS BOOK FOR MORE INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR OVERALL HEALTH & WELLNESS WHICH CONTAINS PLENTY OF
HEALTH/SELF ASSESSMENTS TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR LIFE AND MINIMIZE
RISK FACTORS
YOU DESERVE A LIFETIME OF WELLNESS