Canadian Cadet Organizations
Biathlon Championship Series
A-CR-CCP-178/PT-001
Septembre 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 8
SECTION 2 GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................. 9
SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................... 9
STAGES ........................................................................................................................................ 9
FUNDING ..................................................................................................................................... 9
RACE FEES .................................................................................................................................. 10
TEAM COMPOSITION ................................................................................................................ 10
COACHING ................................................................................................................................. 10
EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................... 10
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................... 10
STAGE 1 – CORPS/SQUADRON CHAMPIONSHIP & ZONE SELECTION ................................... 10
STAGE 2 – ZONE CHAMPIONSHIP & PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL SELECTION ........................ 11
STAGE 3 PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL CHAMPIONSHIP & NATIONAL SELECTION ................... 11
STAGE 4 – NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP .................................................................................. 12
SECTION 3 RACE SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................... 13
RACE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... 13
SPECIFIC RUN AND SHOOT RACE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 13
SECTION 4 COMPETITION RULES ...................................................................... 14
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................... 14
1. GENERAL REGULATIONS ........................................................................................................ 15
1.1 APPLICATION ................................................................................................................... 15
1.2 CLASSES OF COMPETITORS .............................................................................................. 15
1.3 TYPES OF COMPETITIONS ................................................................................................ 17
1.4 ELIGIBILITY RULES FOR COMPETITORS, TEAMS AND COACHES ...................................... 20
1.5 REGISTRATION AND ENTRY ............................................................................................. 23
1.6 DRAW AND ASSIGNMENT OF START NUMBERS ............................................................. 24
1.7 TEAM CAPTAIN’S MEETINGS ........................................................................................... 27
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1.8 PROHIBITIONS AND SANCTIONS FOR NON-COMPETING PERSONS ................................ 28
2. ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS ................................................................................ 29
2.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 29
2.2 THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ....................................................................................... 29
2.3 THE COMPETITION JURY .................................................................................................. 30
2.4 NOT APPLICABLE .............................................................................................................. 32
2.5 TECHNICAL DELEGATES (TDs) .......................................................................................... 32
2.6 NOT APPLICABLE .............................................................................................................. 32
3. COMPETITION FACILITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................. 33
3.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 33
3.2 START AND WARM UP AREAS ......................................................................................... 34
3.3 COURSE AND ASSOCIATED PARTS ................................................................................... 36
3.4 SHOOTING RANGE ........................................................................................................... 39
3.5 FINISH AREA ..................................................................................................................... 43
3.6 TEAM WAXING AND WARMING CABINS ......................................................................... 44
3.7 COMPETITOR WAITING ROOM ........................................................................................ 44
4. COMPETITION EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING FOR EVENTS ................................................... 44
4.1 GENERAL RULES ............................................................................................................... 45
4.2 INSPECTIONS OF EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL AND CLOTHING ........................................... 45
5. TRAINING AND ZEROING ....................................................................................................... 47
5.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 47
5.2 OFFICIAL TRAINING .......................................................................................................... 48
5.3 RIFLE ZEROING ................................................................................................................. 48
5.4 USE OF THE COURSE BEFORE THE START ........................................................................ 49
5.5 SKI TESTING ...................................................................................................................... 49
6. START REGULATIONS............................................................................................................. 49
6.1 START TYPES AND INTERVALS ......................................................................................... 50
6.2 STARTING POSITIONS AND STARTS ................................................................................. 51
6.3 START SIGNALS ................................................................................................................ 52
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6.4 START TIME, EARLY START, LATE START AND FALSE START ............................................ 53
6.5 START NUMBERS ............................................................................................................. 55
6.6 WEATHER CONDITIONS ................................................................................................... 56
7. SKIING REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................ 58
7.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 58
7.2 OBSTRUCTION .................................................................................................................. 59
7.3 EXCHANGING EQUIPMENT, REPAIRS, ASSISTANCE ......................................................... 60
7.4 PATROL RACE SEQUENCE ................................................................................................ 60
7.5 TEAM RELAY SEQUENCE .................................................................................................. 61
8. SHOOTING REGULATIONS ..................................................................................................... 61
8.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 61
8.2 SPECIFIC SHOOTING RULES FOR TYPES OF COMPETITIONS ............................................ 61
8.3 SHOOTING POSITIONS ..................................................................................................... 63
8.4 SHOOTING AIDS ............................................................................................................... 63
8.5 SAFETY REGULATIONS ..................................................................................................... 64
8.6 MISFIRES, LOST ROUNDS/MAGAZINES AND DAMAGED RIFLES ...................................... 65
8.7 TARGET ERRORS AND MALFUNCTIONS ........................................................................... 66
9. THE FINISH, COMPETITION TIME AND RESULTS ................................................................... 67
9.1 THE FINISH ....................................................................................................................... 68
9.2 COMPETITION TIME ......................................................................................................... 68
9.3 TIMING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................. 71
9.4 THE COMPETITION RESULTS ............................................................................................ 71
9.5 AWARD SCORING SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 73
10. PROTESTS ............................................................................................................................ 74
10.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 74
10.2 PROTEST TYPES AND CONDITIONS ................................................................................ 74
11. PENALTIES............................................................................................................................ 75
11.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 75
12. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 75
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13. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 75
14. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 75
15. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 75
SECTION 5 DISCIPLINARY RULES ....................................................................... 76
1. AUTHORITY ............................................................................................................................ 76
2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 76
3. CONDUCT LEADING TO PENALTIES AND DISCIPLINARY MEASURES ..................................... 76
4. PREREQUISITES FOR PENALTIES AND DISCIPLINARY MEASURES .......................................... 76
5. PENALTIES .............................................................................................................................. 76
5.1 REPRIMANDS ................................................................................................................... 77
5.2 START PROHIBITION ........................................................................................................ 77
5.3 THIRTY SECOND PENALTY ................................................................................................ 77
5.4 ONE MINUTE PENALTY .................................................................................................... 78
5.5 TWO MINUTES PENALTY ................................................................................................. 78
5.6 DISQUALIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 79
5.7 NOT APPLICABLE .............................................................................................................. 80
5.8 NOT APPLICABLE .............................................................................................................. 80
5.9 NOT APPLICABLE .............................................................................................................. 80
5.10 FIVE MINUTES PENALTY................................................................................................. 80
5.11 TEN MINUTES PENALTY ................................................................................................. 81
5.12 OTHER TIME PENALTIES ................................................................................................ 81
5.13 COACH BAN.................................................................................................................... 82
6. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................... 82
7. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................... 82
8. JURY OF APPEAL .................................................................................................................... 82
9. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................... 83
10. PROCEDURES FOR THE COMPETITION JURY ....................................................................... 83
11. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 83
12. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 83
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13. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 83
14. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 83
15. NOT APPLICABLE ................................................................................................................. 83
SECTION 6 ABREVIATIONS FOR PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES ......................... 84
ANNEXES .......................................................................................................... 85
LIST OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... 85
ANNEX A MATERIAL CATALOGUE .................................................................... A-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ A-1
1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... A-2
1.1 PURPOSE ......................................................................................................................... A-2
1.2 DEFINITION .................................................................................................................... A-2
1.3 GENERAL PROHIBITIONS................................................................................................. A-3
2. NOT APPLICABLE .................................................................................................................. A-3
3. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................. A-3
3.1 COMPETITION EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................ A-3
3.2 ORGANIZATION EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................... A-7
4. NOT APPLICABLE .................................................................................................................. A-8
5. INSPECTION PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... A-8
5.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... A-8
5.2 COMPETITION EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................ A-9
5.3 ORGANIZATION EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................... A-9
5.4 INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS ................................................ A-11
ANNEX B DUTIES OF THE COMPETITION JURY, TECHNICAL DELEGATES AND
INTERNATIONAL REFEREES ............................................................................. B-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ B-1
1. COMPETITION JURY .............................................................................................................. B-2
1.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... B-2
1.2 SUBSTITUTE CHAIRMAN ................................................................................................. B-2
1.3 COMPETITION JURY MEETINGS ...................................................................................... B-2
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1.4 TASKS OF THE COMPETITION JURY ................................................................................ B-3
2. TECHNICAL DELEGATES ........................................................................................................ B-4
2.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... B-4
2.2 PRINCIPLES OF THE TD FUNCTION ................................................................................. B-5
2.3 CONTACT WITH ORGANIZERS AND SITE VISITS .............................................................. B-5
2.4 TD TASKS AT EVENTS ...................................................................................................... B-7
3. INTERNATIONAL REFEREES .................................................................................................. B-9
3.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... B-9
3.2 IR TASKS AT EVENTS...................................................................................................... B-10
ANNEX C RANGE PROCEDURES ....................................................................... C-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ C-1
1. JUNIOR BOYS AND JUNIOR GIRLS ......................................................................................... C-2
1.1 PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................. C-2
1.2 PENALTY .......................................................................................................................... C-2
1.3 COACHES’ RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................... C-2
1.4 SAFETY CHECK ................................................................................................................. C-2
2. SENIOR BOYS, SENIOR GIRLS, YOUTH MEN AND YOUTH WOMEN ...................................... C-2
2.1 RACK TO RACK CARRY PROCEDURES .............................................................................. C-3
2.2 ALTERNATE PROCEADURE .............................................................................................. C-4
2.3 PENALTIES ....................................................................................................................... C-5
2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................................................................ C-5
2.5 RIFLE RACKS ................................................................................................................... C-6
2.6 RIFLE IDENTIFICATION MARKING ................................................................................... C-6
2.7 ACTION WHEN RIFLES NOT IN PLACE ............................................................................. C-6
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Competition Specifications 18
TABLE 2 Wind-chill Temperature Equivalency Chart 56
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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
Biathlon is one of the most popular and appealing aspects of tri-service cadet training. Many of
our cadet corps/squadrons have long reaped the benefits of competitive biathlon programs at
the local, provincial/territorial and national levels, but now all cadets have the same
opportunity to compete on an equally funded basis in a national biathlon championship series.
For those of you who have not had the chance to participate in a biathlon competition, we
want to welcome you to the sport and encourage you to take advantage of the many benefits
that competitive cadet biathlon has to offer.
As seasoned competitors and coaches will attest, competitive biathlon offers many benefits to
the cadets. An unparalleled sense of achievement is gained as a cadet strives towards
excellence in a sport that allows all competitors to compete on an equal basis. Self-confidence,
acceptance of responsibility, fitness and sports etiquette are just some of the life skills acquired
from the training. A respect for firearms, the development of proficient use of rifles for sport
and recreational purposes, improved cardio-vascular conditioning and an improvement in self-
discipline are additional benefits.
Regardless of your level of experience, you will find this booklet to be quite user friendly.
Simple and straightforward concepts, clearly defined terms and easily understood rules are
detailed in the following pages. If you are one of the Corps/Squadron Commanding Officers
(CO) who has hesitated to involve your unit in a biathlon competition, the time to start is now.
Competitive biathlon offers a unique opportunity to expose your cadets to an exciting
challenge.
Perhaps the most significant element in the Championship Series is the conduct of Zone
competitions during Stage 2. These one-day competitions between cadet corps and squadrons
in the same geographical area create a positive learning environment within a friendly
atmosphere. Remember, there is limited cost to you at the unit level. Rifles and pellets,
portable ranges, targets, and travel to provincial/territorial and national competitions are all
funded by the Canadian Armed Forces. With a little time and effort it could be one of your
cadets on the podium at the National Championship or even at the Olympics!
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SECTION 2 GENERAL INFORMATION
SCOPE
The Canadian Cadet Organizations Biathlon Championship Series is a tri-service training activity
that is designed to ensure that all cadet corps/squadrons have the opportunity to participate on
an equal level. It has the following aims:
a. to allow cadets to participate in a progressive biathlon program;
b. to promote physical fitness;
c. to act as a catalyst for a cadet unit fitness/sports program;
d. to promote the safe handling of rifles;
e. to produce proficient coaches and officials; and
f. to stimulate and maintain an interest and act as a recruiting tool for theCCO.
Cadets train and compete at the unit level to represent their units at higher-level competitions.
STAGES
The Championship Series will be conducted in four stages as follows:
a. Stage 1 – Corps / Squadron Championship & Zone Selection;
b. Stage 2 – Zone Championship & Provincial / Territorial Selection;
c. Stage 3 – Provincial / Territorial Championship & National Selection; and
d. Stage 4 – National Championship.
FUNDING
Responsibility for funding will be as follows:
a. Stage 1 – Corps / Squadron;
b. Stage 2 – Corps / Squadron / Regional Cadet Support Unit (RCSU);
c. Stage 3 – RCSU; and
d. Stage 4 – National Cadet & Junior Canadian Rangers Support Group (Natl CJCR Sp Gp).
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RACE FEES
Corps/Squadrons will not be charged a race fee at any stage of the Championship Series.
TEAM COMPOSITION
Rules pertaining to team composition are found under Section 4 Rule 1.2.
COACHING
Rules pertaining to coaching requirements are found under Section 4 Rule 1.4.8.
EQUIPMENT
Corps/Squadrons will be responsible to ensure competitors have appropriate equipment at all
stages of the Championship Series. Team equipment must comply with specifications listed in
these rules.
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Local, Regional and National Offices of Primary Interest (OPI) will distribute detailed
information annually for the conduct of the stage for which they are responsible.
STAGE 1 – CORPS/SQUADRON CHAMPIONSHIP & ZONE SELECTION
OPI – Corps/Squadron Commanding Officer (CO) / Unit Biathlon Coordinator.
Objective – To conduct a unit level championship to select teams to compete at Stage 2.
Date – Normally conducted between September and January. Specific date to be confirmed
annually by the OPI.
Location – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Entry Procedures – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Race - Run and Shoot Individual Race or a Ski and Shoot Individual Race.
Stage Two Selection – Responsibility of the OPI.
Awards – An awards scheme may be established at the OPI’s discretion.
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STAGE 2 – ZONE CHAMPIONSHIP & PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL SELECTION
OPI – Commanding Officer RCSU / Regional Biathlon Coordinator.
Objective – Where possible, identify winners of geographic zones and to select the unit teams
to compete at stage 3. For those corps/squadrons which cannot participate in a Zone
Competition due to geographic limitations, to conduct a local competition and mail in the
results to the OPI. Select the Unit Teams to compete at Stage 3.
Date – Normally conducted between November and January. Specific date to be confirmed
annually by the OPI.
Location(s) – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Entry Procedures – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Race - Run and Shoot Individual Race or a Ski and Shoot Individual Race.
Stage Three Selection – Responsibility of the OPI.
Awards – Responsibility of the OPI. Unit Teams and individual awards. Other awards may be
given at the OPI’s discretion.
STAGE 3 PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL CHAMPIONSHIP & NATIONAL SELECTION
OPI – Commanding Officer RCSU / Regional Biathlon Coordinator.
Objective – To identify Provincial/Territorial Champions from those Teams selected in Stage 2
(number of participating teams will be at the discretion of the OPI based on stage 2
participation and facilities available at stage 3 locations) and to select the Unit Teams to
compete at Stage 4.
Date – Normally conducted in January and February. Specific date to be confirmed annually by
the OPI.
Location – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Races - Two (2) days of competition consisting of two races at the OPI’s discretion.
Awards –Individual awards for each category and unit team awards. Other awards may be
given at the OPI’s discretion.
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STAGE 4 – NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP
OPI – Natl CJCR SP GP
Objective – To identify National Champions from those unit teams selected to compete from
stage 3 competitions.
Date – Conducted annually in early March. Specific dates to be confirmed by the OPI.
Location – To be confirmed annually by the OPI.
Races - Four (4) days of competition consisting of at least one (1) individual and two (2) team
races.
Awards – Top Unit Teams and Individuals. Other awards may be given at the OPI’s discretion.
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SECTION 3 RACE SPECIFICATIONS
RACE SPECIFICATIONS
Rules pertaining to race specifications are found under Section 4 Rule 1.3.
SPECIFIC RUN AND SHOOT RACE SPECIFICATIONS
The following race specifications shall be observed in addition to specifications found under
Rule 1.3 for run and shoot races at Stages 1 and 2:
Firing Distance – Ten (10) metres (Air Rifle)
Position – Prone or Prone and Standing unsupported
Rifle – .177 cal Air Rifle
Loading – Single round
Time Limit – No time limit
Competition Target – Biathlon Air Rifle Target System (BT100) at 10 metres, the target center
should be 18 to 20 cm higher than the surface of the shooting ramp.
Zeroing Target – Paper Biathlon Air Rifle Targets
Ammunition – Only DND issued ammunition shall be used
Safety Equipment – Safety glasses or shatterproof eyeglasses are recommended for Air Rifle
Firing
Results – Each competitor will have a start and finish time; the total time (tt) will be the finish
time (ft) minus (-) the start time (st) plus or minus time adjustments.
Equipment:
- Telescopes may be used;
- Slings may be used;
- Blinders may be attached to the rear sight of the rifle;
- Adjustable buttplates may be used; and
- Mats may be used.
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SECTION 4 COMPETITION RULES
FOREWORD
The biathlon competition rules contained in this book are an adaptation of the International
Biathlon Union (IBU) rulebook and Biathlon Canada’s Hosting Policy. This book is published
under the authority of the Natl CJCR Sp Gp and govern the conduct of all biathlon events
organized within the Canadian Cadet Organizations (CCO). This book is intended to be a manual
for officials, coaches and organizers, but it is also useful for athletes, coaches and the media.
The IBU rules will be used as a reference for any areas not covered by these rules. For
continuity, the paragraph numbering of the rules that follow match the paragraph numbering in
the IBU rulebook in so far as possible.
The purpose of these Rules are:
a. to ensure the safety of all competitors, spectators, officials and team staff;
b. to ensure fair, equal, undiscriminating and orderly races for all competitors;
c. to generate interest in and increase the popularity of biathlon as a sport;
d. to promote proper sports etiquette;
e. to protect the organizers of biathlon competitions from unreasonable demands; and
f. to provide the necessary information about Biathlon events and competitions for everyone
involved with the sport.
Suggestions for improvements to these Rules are encouraged and may be submitted to the
Staff Officer responsible for biathlon within each Area/Region.
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1. GENERAL REGULATIONS
1.1 APPLICATION
These Rules shall be applied fully at all Cadet Events.
1.2 CLASSES OF COMPETITORS
1.2.1 Not applicable
1.2.2 Not applicable
1.2.3 Not applicable
1.2.4 Categories of Competitors
The following competitor categories are recognized for cadet biathlon
competitions:
a. Junior Boys / Girls;
b. Senior Boys / Girls; and
c. Youth Men / Women.
1.2.5 Junior Boys and Girls
A Junior Boy or Junior Girl is a cadet who will not reach their 15th birthday
two days after the final day of the National Cadet Biathlon Championship.
1.2.6 Senior Boys and Girls
A Senior Boy or Senior Girl is a cadet who is older than a junior but will not
reach their 17th birthday two days after the final day of the National Cadet
Biathlon Championship.
1.2.7 Youth Men and Women
A Youth Man or a Youth Woman is a cadet who is not a Junior or a Senior and
will not reach their 19th birthday two days after the final day of the National
Cadet Biathlon Championship.
1.2.8 Individual Competitor
Each member of a team is also considered to be an individual competitor for
the purpose of individual awards.
1.2.9 Unit Teams
1.2.9.1 Unit Team Classifications
16
1.2.9.1.1
1.2.9.1.2
1.2.9.2
Open Unit Teams
An Open Team is defined as two athletes between 12 and 18 years old from
the same Corps or Squadron.
Junior Unit Teams
A Junior Team is defined as two athletes from the same Corps or Squadron
that are both classified as junior athletes as defined by Rule 1.2.5.
Team Composition
Team composition shall be in accordance with the following:
a. Open Male Team – Two male cadets in any category;
b. Open Female Team – Two female cadets in any category;
c. Junior Male Team – Two male cadets both in the Junior category;
d. Junior Female Team – Two female cadets both in the Junior category;
e. Open Mixed Team – One cadet of each gender in any category; and
f. Junior Mixed Team – One cadet of each gender both in the Junior Category.
1.2.9.3 Mixed Team Entry
1.2.9.3.1 Open Mixed Teams will compete as an Open Male Team in team races.
1.2.9.3.2 Junior Mixed Teams will compete as a Junior Male Team in team races.
1.2.9.4 Stage 4 Provincial Relay and Patrol Race Teams
a. provincial male team shall be composted of one Open Male and one Junior Male team (4 members);
b. provincial female team shall be composted of one Open Female and one Junior Female team (4 members); and
c. provincial composite team shall be composed of individual competitors not on a team or those from teams unable to compete as a provincial male or female team (2 members).
1.2.10 Substitutions
1.2.10.1 Stage 2
The Cadet corps/squadron CO has the authority to select substitutes from
eligible cadets within the Cadet corps/squadron.
1.2.10.2 Stages 3 and 4
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In accordance with Rule 1.4, an eligible cadet from a corps /squadron may
only replace a cadet from that same corps/squadron for the following
reasons:
a. parental request;
b. withdrawal from the CCO;
c. medical problem; or
d. discipline problem.
1.2.10.3 Substitution Notice
A notice of intent to replace a cadet, citing the reason for replacement, shall
be forwarded to the OPI no less than 24 hours prior to the start of
competition.
1.3 TYPES OF COMPETITIONS
The following types of competitions are established for CCO Biathlon events:
1.3.1 – 1.3.9 Not applicable
1.3.10 Competition Specifications
The following table and the appended notes set out the skiing and shooting
specifications of classes of competitors and types of competitions, and apply
to all cadet events:
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TABLE 1 – COMPETITION SPECIFICATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6
Category
Competition
Type and Course
Length
(Note 1)
Start Type and
Intervals Loops
Firing Bouts
(Notes
2 and 3)
Shot Penalty
STAGE 1 AND 2
All
Individual
Run - 3km
Or
Ski - 5 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3
P.P.
or
P.S.
Run - 30 sec
or
Ski - 40 sec
STAGE 3 AND 4
Youth
Men
Short Sprint
1.5 or 2.25 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S. 40 sec
Sprint
7.5 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Individual
12.5 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 5 P.S.P.S. 60 sec
Mass Start
10 km Simultaneous 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Pursuit
10 km
Single
Normalized 5 sec 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Youth
Women
Short Sprint
1.5 or
2.25 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S. 40 sec
Sprint
6 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Individual
10 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 5 P.S.P.S. 60 sec
Mass Start
7.5 km Simultaneous 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Pursuit
7.5km
Single
Normalized 5 sec 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Senior Boys
and Girls
Short Sprint
1.5 or 2.25 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S. 40 sec
Sprint
6 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Individual
7.5 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 5 P.S.P.S. 60 sec
Mass Start
7.5 km Simultaneous 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Pursuit
7.5km
Single
Normalized 5 sec 5 P.P.S.S.
150 m Penalty
Loop
19
Junior Boys
and Girls
Short Sprint
1.5 or 2.25 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.P. 40 sec
Sprint
4.5 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 3 P.P.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Individual
6 km
Single
30 - 60 Sec 4 P.P.P 40 sec
Mass Start
6 km Simultaneous 4 P.P.P.
150 m Penalty
Loop
Pursuit
6 km
Single
Normalized 5 sec 4 P.P.P
150 m Penalty
Loop
Unit
Teams
Team Relay
2 X 4.5 km
or
4 X 4.5 km
Simultaneous and
Tag 3
P.P.
3 Spare Rounds
150 m Penalty
Loop
Patrol
Open Teams
6 km
Junior and
Composite
Teams
4.5 km
Range
Start on Whistle 3 P.P.P.P
150 m
Penalty Loop
(First 3 bouts
only)
Notes to Table 1
(1) Distances and number of loops may not be more than 2% shorter or 5% longer than the length specified for the
competition. In all cases, the maximum grade (mg) of hills must not exceed 25%
(2) Standing bouts for Senior and Youth Categories will be implemented in all Stage 3 individual races with or
without the rack to rack carry. Regions may implement standing bouts for Senior and Youth Categories at Stages 1
and 2 where the capability to do so exists.
(3) The rack to rack carry for Senior and Youth Categories will be implemented during Stage 4 individual races.
Regions may implement rack to rack carry for Senior and Youth Categories at Stages 2 (Ski and Shoot Zone) and 3
where the capability to do so exists.
Column 1: Category of Competitor: according to these rules.
Column 2: Type of Competition and Course Length: according to these rules.
Column 3: Start Types and Intervals: the method by which the start is made and the interval between the starts of
two subsequent competitors.
Column 4: Number of Loops to be skied or ran by the competitor.
Column 5: Firing Bout: the number of firing bouts the competitor must do and the firing position to be used in the
bout (P = Prone, S = Standing), and the number of rounds the competitor must fire in each bout.
Column 6: Shot Penalty: The automatic shot-penalty of 40 seconds of added time or a penalty loop for juniors or 60
seconds of added time or a penalty loop for senior and youth categories will be imposed on a competitor for each
target left standing after all rounds for the bout have been fired.
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1.3.11 Not applicable
1.3.12 Modifications and Other Types of Competitions
Natl CJCR Sp Gp holds the right to modify existing competitions and to
introduce new types of competitions into Cadet events.
1.3.13 Event Programs
The schedule, sequence and types of all cadet competitions at events will be
set by the OPIs for each level.
1.3.14 Annual Schedule of Events
Cadet events will be held annually as stated in the event rules or as directed
by the Natl CJCR Sp Gp. The yearly schedules will be published by the OPIs at
each level. Dates for the events will be published starting from the day of
arrival until the last competition day.
1.4 ELIGIBILITY RULES FOR COMPETITORS, TEAMS AND COACHES
1.4.1 Only coaches, competitors and teams who comply with the following
regulations will be eligible to take part in cadet biathlon events and
competitions. Agreeing to take part in a cadet biathlon event of competition
signifies an agreement to abide by and follow all rules and policies.
1.4.2 Not applicable
1.4.3 Not applicable
1.4.4 Not applicable
1.4.5 Competitor’s Responsibility
Competitors may only participate in a biathlon event or competition with
equipment and clothing that are in accordance with these Rules. Competitors
must ensure that their equipment and clothing is cleared through equipment
check. Failure to do so may lead to disqualification.
1.4.6 Eligibility
To be eligible to participate in cadet competitions, competitors must have
joined the Canadian Cadet Organizations (CCO) no later than 31 December of
the training year and must not have reached their 19th birthday two days
after the final day of the National Biathlon Championship. The cadet must be
considered an active member of their cadet unit, the cadet unit CO is the
authority to confirm this.
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1.4.6.1 Team Eligibility
To be eligible to compete in Team Competitions (Team Relay, Patrol Race or
Team Sprint), the team must be composed as outlined in Rule 1.2.9. If due to
any circumstances one of the members cannot race the team will not be
eligible to compete for medals or ranking. The remaining team member may
compete in team races for experience and will be given a time but not placed
in the results with the other teams. The remaining team member should form
a new team with another member from their province or region first, but may
form a team with any other remaining lone member in order to give everyone
the experience.
1.4.7 Verification
It is the responsibility of the OPI at each stage to verify the eligibility and
categories of all competitors. Cadets will be required to produce a proof of
age upon registration for the competition.
1.4.8 Coaching
1.4.8.1 Adult Coaches
1.4.8.1.1 An adult coach is defined as a member of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) or
a Civilian Instructor (CI). Civilian Volunteers cannot be the adult coach. Where
possible, an adult coach should complete the CIC Basic Biathlon Coaching
Course / Biathlon Canada Community Silver Coaching Course as soon as
possible after assuming these duties.
1.4.8.1.2 A corps or squadron with up to six (6) competitors entering a competition
must provide one adult coach to enter. A corps or squadron with seven (7) to
twelve (12) competitors entering a competition must provide a second adult
coach to enter.
1.4.8.1.3 During competition, the Adult Coach is responsible for:
a. care and custody of all rifles and equipment required by the team;
b. providing the rifle and ammunition at the shooting lane or rifle rack as applicable prior to the competitor arriving;
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c. when the competitor has completed the firing sequence and departed the shooting lane, the coach is responsible for retrieving the rifle (if applicable) and resetting the target. Before moving the rifle the coach must ensure the bolt is to the rear, the magazine is removed and the rifle is clear and he must keep the muzzle pointing up. The coach is responsible for ensuring that all activities on the range are conducted in a safe manner;
d. during individual and relay races team coaches may work by themselves or in conjunction with the other coaches from their respective province/ region;
e. coaches are permitted to zero rifles prior to all races;
f. coaches are permitted to adjust sights between firing bouts except in the patrol race;
g. coaches may coach skiing during all races, except for the Patrol race;
h. coaches are permitted to use radios unless the OC issues contrary instructions;
i. when a competitor arrives on the firing point and proceeds to a lane other than one that has been assigned to his team, the competitor's coach is to have the competitor move to the appropriate lane. A time credit will not be awarded nor will a penalty be applied. Once in the appropriate lane, the competitor must complete the normal firing procedures as detailed for that race;
j. coaches will not be allowed to give any assistance during the patrol race except for providing magazines to the officials. Coaches may assist with zeroing prior to the commencement of the race;
k. no other persons will be permitted on the course during a Patrol Race except competitors and officials; and
l. it is the responsibility of the coach to ensure the correct target setting for prone and standing bouts.
1.4.8.2 Cadet Coaches
1.4.8.2.1 A cadet coach can be any cadet who will have reached their 16th birthday
before but not reached their 19th birthday two days after the final day of the
National Biathlon Championship. The cadet must be considered an active
member of their cadet unit, the cadet unit CO is the authority to confirm this.
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1.4.8.2.2 A corps or squadron with up to six (6) competitors entering a competition
may provide one cadet coach to assist the adult coach. A corps or squadron
with seven (7) to twelve (12) competitors entering a competition may provide
a second cadet coach to assist the adult coaches.
1.4.8.2.3 A Cadet Coach is responsible for assisting adult coach with their duties before,
during and after competition. Cadet Coaches cannot sign for rifles and
equipment.
1.5 REGISTRATION AND ENTRY
1.5.1 Notice of Intent to Participate
There are two separate forms of notification which must be given:
registration and entry.
1.5.1.1 Registration and Replacements
Registration is the early notification of intent to participate. The numbers of
competitors and team staff members that may be registered for an event are
detailed in the event-specific rules.
1.5.1.2 Not applicable
1.5.2 Entry
a. Entry is the notice of a Biathlete or team being entered to start in a specific competition and must be submitted in writing at least two hours before the draw for the Individual events;
b. entry for team participation in the Relay competition must be made not later than four hours before the team captains meeting for the competition or the draw, as applicable. Names of Relay competitors in start order must be submitted by 1600hrs on the day before the Relay competition;
c. entries in the Pursuit competition are not required, as all competitors who qualify for the Pursuit in the qualifying competition are assumed to be entered. Names of qualified athletes who will not be starting in the Pursuit competition must be reported to the competition office as soon as possible and at the latest by the start of the zeroing;
d. not allocated;
e. not allocated; and
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f. the OC must provide a current weather forecast 30 minutes before the entry deadline so that the teams have the latest information for preparing their entries.
1.5.3 Procedures
Registration will be through FORTRESS. Entry procedures will be determined
annually by the OPI at each level.
1.5.4 Late Entries
a. The TD may approve a late entry due to extraordinary circumstances before the draw; and
b. the Competition Jury may approve a late entry due to force majeure after the draw. The Competition Jury will direct in which position(s) the late competitor(s) will start. A separate draw may be used for this purpose.
1.5.5 Replacement of Entry - Force Majeure
In Relay competitions, teams will not be allowed to change the starting order
unless a force majeure occurs. In case of such a change a valid reason
preventing the start must be proven to the Competition Jury not later than 30
minutes before the listed start time in question.
1.5.6 Medical Concerns
In all cases, the health and physical well-being of all competitors shall be of
paramount concern of the OC. In cases where the competent medical
authority raises concerns that a competitor’s participation in a competition
has the potential to negatively impact the competitor’s immediate or future
health and physical well-being, the organizer shall reject the competitor’s
entry.
1.6 DRAW AND ASSIGNMENT OF START NUMBERS
1.6.1 General
Competitors or teams are randomly selected from the entries for the
competition, by manual or computer draw, and are assigned their start
numbers based on that draw unless other rules regulate that competition. A
draw will also be used to resolve any tie situation that cannot be resolved
using the specific rules for that issue.
1.6.1.1 The method of draw must be approved by the TD.
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1.6.2 Time of Draws
The draw for any competition should be held not earlier than 24 hours before
and not later than 15 hours before the start of the competition. However, in
events at which a draw is required for the Mass Start or Relay competitions, if
the majority of team coaches agree, the draw may be done at the team
coaches meeting for the competition which will precede the Mass Start or
Relay competition in the event program. If the Competition Jury decides to
repeat a competition or to postpone a competition they will also decide
whether a new draw must be made.
1.6.3 Place of Draws
Draws should be done during and at the place of the team coaches meetings,
and should be visible to all team coaches; however, the TD may approve the
conduct of a draw outside of the team coaches meeting, if it is necessary due
to event circumstances. Such outside draws must be supervised by at least
two Competition Jury members.
1.6.3.1 Normal Assignment of Competitors into Draw Groups
When submitting their entries, team coaches must assign one competitor to
each of the draw groups. If a team consists of fewer competitors than the
number of draw groups, the team coach will decide in which groups he will
place his competitors (one in each group chosen). If a team consists of more
competitors than the number of draw groups, the extra competitors shall be
added to the draw groups at the team coach’s discretion, one to each group,
repeating this procedure until all the team’s competitors have been placed.
1.6.4 Normal Draw for Individual and Sprint Competitions
The starting order shall be decided by randomly drawing the names of
competitors from the draw groups into which they have been assigned by
their team coach and by randomly drawing the start number for each
competitor. The draw will be held separately for each group in this sequence:
Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. Every number in the sequence must be
assigned to a competitor. If the draw in the Individual or Sprint competition
has 60 or less competitors the draw will be done in 3 groups. If there are 40 or
less then the draw will be done in 2 groups following the same principle as for
the 4 draw groups.
1.6.4.1 Not applicable
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1.6.4.2 Draw for Group Starts in Sprint and Individual Competitions
The start for the Individual and Sprint competitions may be individual or in
groups. If the start is held in groups, the draw groups shall be subdivided into
start groups. The number of competitors in the start groups shall depend on
the conditions of the competition venue and on the total number of
competitors. Otherwise the draw shall be the same as for single starts. For a
group start, the numbers drawn shall determine the competitors’ positions at
the start.
1.6.4.3 Assignment of Start Numbers and Start Times in the Pursuit Competition
No draw shall be conducted for the Pursuit competition. Competitors shall be
assigned start numbers and times based on the results of a designated
previous competition in the same championship as stated in the event
instruction. All starts shall be a normalized method with a five second start
interval. The competitors in the Pursuit will start in the same order in which
they finished the designated previous competition: the winner of the
designated previous competition will start first with start number 1, the
second place of the designated previous competition will start second with
start number 2, and so on. The winner of the designated previous competition
will have a start time of zero (0:00:00) which will be shown on the start list as
the clock time for the start of the Pursuit Competition. The second place of
the designated previous competition will have a start time of five seconds
(0:00:05), the third place of the designated previous competition will have a
start time of ten seconds (0:00:10), and so on. Start lists shall be produced
based on the foregoing and must show the start lane assigned to each
competitor.
1.6.4.4 Assignment of Start numbers and Start Positions – Mass Start Competition
A single random draw shall be used to assign the start numbers for all
competitors. The start number shall designate the start position for each
competitor at that competition.
1.6.5 Assignment of Start Numbers for Relay Competitions
1.6.5.1 Method of Assigning Relay Start Numbers
A single random draw will be used. The assigned Relay start number shall be
each team’s start lane number for the simultaneous start and the shooting
lane number on the range.
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1.6.5.2 Competitors’ in Relay Start Positions
Start positions are numbered from right to left, facing the direction of the
start. Number 1 is the position furthest to the right and the highest number of
the front row is the position furthest to the left. The lowest number in the
second row is placed behind number 1 and the next consecutive number
behind number 2, and so on.
1.6.5.3 Extra Relay and Patrol Teams
Extra Relay and Patrol teams are permitted: they must start in rows behind
the official teams and will not be awarded official awards. Extra teams may
consist of individuals from units that do not form a complete team or teams
that have had a competitor withdraw from the race.
1.7 TEAM CAPTAIN’S MEETINGS
1.7.1 General
At each Biathlon event, meetings must be held for the team captains to elect
the juries, conduct draws and to pass information about the event and the
competitions. The first meeting should be held on the day before the first day
of Official Training in order to elect the Competition Jury. In regard to further
meetings at the event, the dates and timings are dictated by the timings
required to conduct the draws. The Competition Chief shall chair the
meetings.
1.7.2 Attendance at Team Captain’s Meetings
The following persons shall attend the team captain’s meetings:
a. the Competition Chief;
b. the TD(s) and IRs;
c. all Competition Jury members;
d. at least one representative from each participating unit/province/territory;
e. the Chiefs of Range, Course, Timing and Results, Stadium and the Competition Secretary or their representatives; and
f. the necessary meeting support staff and interpreters, if required.
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1.7.3 Team Captain’s Meeting Agenda
The agenda for a team coaches meeting must include the following items, as
appropriate, in the following recommended sequence:
a. call to order;
b. roll call of provinces/territories (or units/teams);
c. election of the Competition Jury (first meeting or as required);
d. draw(s);
e. technical briefing for the next competition(s);
f. TD’s comments;
g. weather forecast;
h. administrative, logistical and / or miscellaneous points;
i. synchronize watches; and
j. adjournment.
1.7.4 Start lists and start numbers
Should be issued to the teams at the end of the meeting.
1.8 PROHIBITIONS AND SANCTIONS FOR NON-COMPETING PERSONS
1.8.1 General
Unfair assistance or assistance not allowed by these Rules to competitors
during a competition is prohibited.
1.8.2 Specific Prohibitions
1.8.2.1 On the Shooting Range
It is forbidden for any person to give competitors any acoustic or visual
information or advice, or to pass on any information to competitors by way of
radio or any other communication method on the range including 10 m to the
left and right of the range. The forbidden area at the shooting range will be
marked by clearly visible markings, including 10 m from the left and right
shooting lanes. It is forbidden to pass any information from the shooting butts
to the coaches and/or competitors during zeroing and/or the competition.
These prohibitions shall not apply to the general expressions of applause or
disappointment by the spectators.
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1.8.2.2
On the Course
Pacing is defined as running or skiing in front, beside or behind competitors.
Pacing is forbidden in the area 100 m before the range to 100 m after the
range, in the handover zone, and in the last 100 m before the finish or
handover zone. This area should be clearly identified with signs to all
spectators and participants. Outside of the above-specified areas, it is
permitted to run without skis up to 50 m beside competitors to give them
competition information or offer them beverages. It is forbidden to touch
competitors in such a way as to assist their propulsion or to obstruct other
competitors. Assistance to competitors to change the glide performance of
their skis is prohibited during the competition.
1.8.3
Event Behaviour
Spectators and other persons should be clearly informed of these rules by the
official announcer before the beginning of the competition and warned that a
violation of these rules may lead to spectators being removed from the area
of the competition by the OC.
2. ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS
2.1 GENERAL
The following organizations and persons shall be established or appointed for the
preparation, conduct and control of Biathlon events and competitions:
a. Organizing Committee (OC) or Organizer;
b. Competition Juries;
c. TD(s) and IR(s) (if applicable);
d. Biathlon Canada/Provincial Biathlon Division Representative (if applicable); and
e. The RCSU representative or Natl CJCR Sp Gp representative for National Events will act as
the final authority for all decisions.
2.2 THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
The right to host an event or competition is awarded to an Organizing Committee by the
RCSU or Natl CJCR Sp Gp. The organizer must prepare and conduct the event or competition
by these Rules, and following the guidance provided in the Championship Directive or CATOs.
2.2.1 Not applicable
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2.3 THE COMPETITION JURY
2.3.1 General
A Competition Jury is established for Biathlon events to act as the authority
on all matters related to the event. The Competition Jury is established and
operates under the authority of these Rules. The Competition Jury will make
decisions about the event, competitions and related arrangements and
conditions to ensure fairness and correctness. The Competition Jury imposes
penalties for violations of rules reported by the TDs, IRs, competition officials
and Competition Jury members, and penalties and disciplinary measures on
its own part. Additionally, the Competition Jury awards time adjustments and
rules on competition situations not stipulated in these Rules or other
authority publications. The Competition Jury also reviews and decides on all
protests submitted to it. A separate Competition Jury may be established for
male and female competitions as circumstances dictate. The procedures of
the Competition Jury are governed by these Rules.
2.3.1.1 Time of Election
The Competition Juries to be established for an event should be elected at the
latest on the day before the first Official Training. The Competition Juries
remain competent throughout the event; however, changes of elected
members may be made by election for pressing reasons. For Stage 4, separate
juries will be elected for the first two and the last two races.
2.3.1.2 Chair
The Chairman of the Competition Jury is the TD.
2.3.2 Competition Jury Composition
At Cadet competitions the Competition Jury shall consist of five members as
follows:
a. the TD - Chairman;
b. the Competition Chief;
c. one Chief (Course, Start / Finish, Range, etc); and
d. two team coaches elected by the team coaches.
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2.3.2.1 Only one person from any Province/Territory/Unit may be a member of the
same Competition Jury at Cadet competitions. It is acceptable to have
members from the same Province/Territory/Unit on each of the male and
female juries if applicable. Competition Officials are not considered to be part
of any Province/Territory/Unit while acting in their official capacities during
the event.
2.3.2.2 Not applicable
2.3.3 Election of Competition Jury Members
The TD conducts election of the Competition Juries during the team coaches
meeting. Nominations are requested from the team coaches for candidates to
be members of the Competition Jury. If there is the same number of
candidates as open Competition Jury positions, no vote is necessary and the
candidates become Competition Jury members by acclamation. If there are
more candidates than open Competition Jury positions, a vote must be taken
from the team coaches. A simple majority will elect a Competition Jury
member. If any candidate obtains no simple majority, the person with the
least votes is removed as a candidate and the vote is repeated for the
remaining candidates until the Competition Jury members have been elected.
2.3.4 Competition Jury Meetings and Decisions
The Competition Jury must assemble within a minimum of time whenever a
meeting is required, as directed by the Competition Jury Chairman, and must
remain readily available for Competition Jury duties for 15 minutes after the
Provisional Results have been published. Specific meeting times are detailed
in Annex B to these rules. Decisions of the Competition Jury are normally
made with all members present. However, in exceptional cases the
Competition Jury is competent to pass a resolution if at least three members
are present. The Competition Jury chair shall only vote in case of a tie vote.
Decisions shall be made by each member voting on the issue and a simple
majority shall decide.
2.3.5 Tasks of the Competition Jury
A detailed list of tasks of the Competition Jury is given in Annex B to these
Rules.
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2.3.6 Appeals Against Competition Jury Decisions
An appeal may be made against penalties and disciplinary measures imposed by the competition jury at events where a jury of appeal has been established. In any other events an appeal can be lodged to the Regional OPI in writing within 24 hours after the decision of the competition jury. The appeal must be made to the jury of appeal or Regional OPI, and be put forward in accordance with Article 8 of the Cadet Disciplinary Rules.
2.4 NOT APPLICABLE
2.5 TECHNICAL DELEGATES (TDs)
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.2.1
2.5.2.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
General Regulations
TDs for Cadet Events are appointed by the Regional/National OPI. TDs are
responsible to ensure that events are prepared and conducted in accordance
with these rules. Additionally, TDs act as consultants and advisors to the
Organizing Committee. Organizing Committees must follow instructions
issued by TDs in accordance with these Rules.
Appointment of TDs
TDs will be appointed by the RCSU or the Natl CJCR Sp Gp for national
competitions.
The TD shall be Chairman of the Competition Jury or Juries for the event for
which he has been appointed.
TD’s functions only apply for the event for which they have been appointed.
Tasks and Duties of TDs
Immediately after being appointed, the TD must establish contact with the
organizer. If feasible the TD shall conduct necessary inspections of the event
site and meetings with the organizers. TD inspection and meeting visits to
event sites must be approved by the OPI. Detailed tasks and duties of TDs are
given in Annex B to these rules.
Not applicable
2.6 NOT APPLICABLE
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3. COMPETITION FACILITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS
3.1 GENERAL
The competition facility is the site on which Biathlon competitions and
training are conducted, and consists of the stadium area and the course.
Located in the stadium area are the start/finish areas, shooting range, penalty
loop, Relay handover zone, ski test area, team wax huts, spectator areas, the
necessary Organizing Committee buildings and offices, and parking spaces.
The site must be technically suitable, according to these Rules, for facilitating
all the types of Biathlon competitions and must offer the best possible
viewing of the competitions to spectators.
For run and shoot type biathlon competitions, these same rules and
specifications apply. It is the organizers responsibility to ensure that the run
and shoot conditions reflect the intentions of the rules below.
3.1.1 General Requirements
The start and finish areas, shooting range, penalty loop and Relay hand-over
zone shall be located on level ground and close together with good viewing of
competition activities for the majority of the spectators. These areas and
critical parts of the course must be fenced in order to prevent competitors
from being impeded or going astray, and to prevent access by unauthorized
persons. There must be sufficient space for competitors and competition
officials to conduct their required activities and adequate room for team
support staff.
3.1.1.1 Maximum Distance
The competition facility should be no more than 30 km or 30 minutes travel
from the teams’ living accommodations, unless otherwise approved by the
Regional or National Authority.
3.1.1.2 Competition Office
A Competition Office or sub-office should be located in or near the stadium
area. The office shall be open during regular hours during the entire event,
beginning on the arrival day, and will be the official interface between teams
and the Organizing Committee. Teams must be able to submit entries for
competitions at the office and information about the event and competitions
must be available in the office. A mailbox for each participating team should
be provided in the office.
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3.1.1.3 Not applicable
3.1.2 Not applicable
3.2 START AND WARM UP AREAS
3.2.1 General
The start area for all competitions must be level with the snow well packed
and smoothly groomed, and should be visible to spectators. The start must be
placed at right angles to the skiing direction and must be marked with a red
line sunken into the snow, except where an electronic start gate is in use. The
area must be well fenced-off and must be suitable to cope with the traffic
flow of competitors, team support staff and officials without problems. There
must be a warm-up area immediately adjacent to the start zone for
competitors to perform their final, pre-competition warm-up, with enough
room to store warm-up clothing.
3.2.2 Individual and All Sprint Competition Start Areas
The start area for Individual and all Sprint competitions must be
approximately 8 to 10 m long and a minimum of 2 m wide and must be
separated from the warm-up area by a fence with an opening to allow
controlled access.
3.2.3 Pursuit Competition Start Area
The start area for the Pursuit Competition must have a minimum of four start
lanes. The actual number of start lanes will be determined by the number of
simultaneous start times in the start list – if there are five starts at the same
second then there must be five start lanes. The start lanes must be numbered
from the competitor’s right to left, 1.5 – 2 m wide, and sufficiently long to
hold the required number of competitors. A common start line must cross the
end of the start lanes. The lanes must be immediately parallel to each other
and must be clearly separated. There must be a separate passage or lane
which allows access across the start line in the case of late starts. This lane
must be supervised by a start official with a stopwatch synchronized to the
competition time. A transponder timing point and / or video camera can be
installed 1.5 m after the start line to record the relative start time of each
competitor in case of early start.
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3.2.3.1
3.2.4
3.2.4.1
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
Pursuit Start Boards
Separate boards, showing the start numbers and start times for each lane in
large print easily readable by competitors and officials, must be positioned in
front of the applicable start lanes and at the start line, on the competitor’s
left such that the start line can be easily seen from the front for control of
each starter.
Relay, Group and Mass Start Competition Start Area
The start area must be laid out with three corridors 3 m wide groomed flat,
with 3 m of space between each competitor.
Start Position Boards - Relay, Group and Mass Start Competition
The start positions must be marked with nylon or natural markers. There
must be the same number of markers as the number of starters in the
competition. The size of the start number boards must be 20 x 20 cm.
Normally, the number boards must be placed on the right of each line of
starters, unless specified differently by the TD, and the number must be
readable from the front and the rear. The numbers on the boards must be at
least 10 cm high and must be highly visible to the competitors. The start lanes
must be numbered from the competitors’ right to left.
Course Information Boards
There should be a board at the entrance to the start area on which the course
map shows the colour sequence for the competition.
Start Clocks
At the start area for Individual and all Sprint competitions, there must be a
start clock placed so that it is easily readable from the start line. The display of
the clock and the sound signal must be synchronized. For the Pursuit
competitions, there must be a start clock on the left and right side of the
start. In addition, there must be a clock in or near the start area that is easily
visible to competitors in the area and that displays the correct time of day.
Equipment / Material Inspection Prior to Start
The equipment / material inspection prior to the start must be located in
close proximity to the start area. Its placement and design must facilitate the
smooth, orderly and timely flow of competitors through to the start. The
inspection station must have tables and the required equipment and
materials to perform the checks.
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3.3 COURSE AND ASSOCIATED PARTS
3.3.1 General
The course is the network of ski trails to be used for the competition. It
should consist of continuously changing flats, climbs and downhill sections.
Extremely long and difficult climbs, dangerous descents, monotonous flats
and hills that must be sidestepped should be avoided. Changes in direction of
the course must not occur so frequently that a competitor's ski rhythm is
seriously disturbed. Detailed course specifications are given under 1.3.10 in
Table 1.
3.3.1.1 Not applicable
3.3.2 Width, Gradient and Length
The course must have a minimum width of 6 m of groomed snow surface for
the In steep sections of the course, the trail must be even wider, up to 8 m. If
narrower sections such as bridges or mountain passes are unavoidable, the
narrow parts may not be less than 4 m wide for not longer than 50 m. The
actual length of the course may not be more than 2% shorter or 5% longer
than the length specified for the competition, as measured in the center of
the course. The maximum grade for all climbs on the competition course must
not exceed 25 percent.
3.3.3 Not applicable
3.3.4 Safety
The course must be prepared so that a competitor may ski it at full speed
without undue risk of an accident.
3.3.5 Grooming
Trails must be as level as possible, solidly packed and smoothly groomed.
Downhill turns must be banked as necessary. All types of hindrances and
obstacles must be cleared from the course, such as stumps, branches, stones
and soil. Overhanging or protruding branches must be trimmed so that they
do not obstruct or endanger competitors.
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3.3.6
3.3.6.1
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9
Marking
The course must be clearly marked and defined so that at no time a
competitor is in doubt how to follow the course. This applies especially to
descents, trail junctions and other critical points. Clear markings must be
placed at such points. Closed sections of the course and / or junctions must
be completely closed off with continuous v-boards or fencing. At 100 m from
the finish line, there must be a sign board indicating "Finish -100 m” and at
100 m from the shooting range, there must be a sign board indicating “Range
-100 m”.
Course Sequence Colours
The course must be uniformly marked on the most visible side in the ski
direction by coloured sign boards. The 500 / 750m course must be marked
black, 1.5 Km course must be marked orange, the 2 Km course must be
marked red, the 2.5 Km course green, the 3 Km course yellow, the 3.3 Km
course blue and the 4 Km course brown. Junctions must be clearly marked
with course colours.
Fencing and V-Boards
All trails that will not be used in the competition must be closed. Trails close
to each other must be separated by fences or V-boards so that competitors
cannot go on the wrong trail. V-Boards should be well visible, 20 cm high, 1
metre long and made out of heavy material that will not be blown over by the
wind.
Forerunners
The TD will decide whether to use forerunners or not. If forerunners are used,
the entire course should be skied before the first competitors start. While on
the course the forerunner shall clear the course and correct markings if
required.
Course Specifications by Competitions
Table 1 under 1.3.10 details the required technical specifications for courses
for each type of competition.
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3.3.10
3.3.10.1
3.3.11
3.3.11.1
Relay Hand-over Zone
In Relay competitions there must be a well-marked hand-over zone, 30 m
long and 9 m wide, at the end of a straight trail section placed in such a way
that incoming competitors will arrive at a controlled speed. The last 50 m of
the trail before the zone must be at least 9 m wide. The hand-over zone must
begin at the timing line or at least close to it. The beginning and end of the
zone must be marked with a 1 m-long red line on the right and left side and
with signs “Hand-over Start” and “Handover End”. The zone must be closed
with v-boards or a fence along both sides, with one access gate for controlled
entry by starting competitors.
The last 50 m of the course before the hand-over zone should be straight. The
hand-over zone may only be entered by the incoming and outgoing
competitors and by the officials responsible for control of the hand-over zone.
At 100 m before the hand-over zone there may be a sign board indicating
"100 m".
The Penalty Loop
For the Sprint, Mass Start, Relay, Pursuit and Patrol competitions, a penalty
loop should be set up immediately after the shooting range – no further than
60 m of skiing distance from the right edge of the range to the entrance of the
penalty loop. The loop should be an oval trail which is 6 m wide and 150 m
long (plus or minus 5 m), measured along the inside perimeter of the loop.
The opening must be at least 15 m long. The penalty loop must be marked off
with V-boards, set up so close together that competitors have no chance of
mistaking the entrance / exit.
The penalty loop should be located in a level area in such a way that no
additional distance between the course and the penalty loop has to be skied
by the competitors when they have to enter the penalty loop.
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3.3.12
3.3.13
Ski Test Area
A ski glide test area should be set up on slightly sloping terrain in or near the
stadium area, large enough to accommodate all participating teams, including
sufficient space to accommodate the traffic flow ascending the slope. The
glide test downhill slope should be an 8° to 12° slope and a minimum of 30 m
long. The test area must be prepared and groomed the same as the
competition trails. In the ski test area there should be an information board
on which the temperature of the air and the snow, at the highest and lowest
points of the course profile, shall be shown and updated at three, two and
one hours prior to the first start, and thereafter every 30 minutes until the
last competitor has started.
Warm-up Course
There should be a separate course, in close proximity to the stadium and with
easy access from the team huts, on which competitors can warm up. The
course should be approximately 400 m long and must be prepared the same
as the competition course but cannot be a part of the competition course.
This warm-up course should also be in place for all other events.
3.4 SHOOTING RANGE
3.4.1 General
The shooting range is where all shooting takes place during a Biathlon
competition. It should be located in the central area of the stadium and both
the targets and the shooting ramp should be visible to the majority of
spectators. The range must be flat and level and must be surrounded by
adequate safety berms on the sides and behind the targets. The placement
and configuration of the range must be set up with strict regard for safety in
relation to the trails, stadium and the surrounding area. The shooting
direction should be generally north to enhance light conditions during
competitions. The range must conform with all local laws.
3.4.2 Specifications and Configurations
3.4.2.1 Shooting Distance
The distance between the front edge of the shooting ramp and the line of
targets must be 50 m +/ - 1 m (Smallbore) and 10 m +/- 0.2 m (Air Rifle).
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3.4.2.2 Prone and Standing
Competitors shall shoot from all lanes in both prone and standing positions as required.
3.4.2.3 Entrance and Exit
During training and competition, competitors must enter the range from the
left and exit on the right side.
3.4.2.4 Levels
The surface of the shooting ramp and the surface on which the targets stand
must be near the same level as possible. The shooting ramp and the surface
on which the targets are placed must be at a higher level than the ground
between them by at least 30 cm, and more if required by local snow
conditions.
3.4.2.5 Space Configurations
At the rear of the range there should be a fenced off area of 10 to 12 m width
(shooting ramp), measured back from the front edge of the shooting line, and
extending along the entire back of the range. The area is to be reserved for
competitors, officials, coaches and members of the Juries. However, if
authorized by the OPI, other persons such as TV camera crews may be
allowed in this area. Directly behind that area there must be a second fenced
area of at least 2 m in width and at least 30 cm higher than the shooting ramp
reserved for up to four team staff members per team. This area must be
configured so that the team staff members have good visibility of the targets
and the shooting ramp area. Behind the coaches area there must be an area
1.5 m wide, extending the width of the range, reserved primarily for the
media.
3.4.3 The Shooting Ramp
The shooting ramp is the area at the rear of the range where the competitors
lie or stand to shoot. The ramp must be totally solid, even, smooth, and level
for the entire area used by competitors during the competition.
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3.4.3.1 Shooting Lanes
The shooting ramp is divided into shooting lanes from which one competitor at a time will shoot. Every shooting lane must be at least 2.75 m but not more than 3 m wide. The width of the lanes must be marked on both sides of the shooting ramp from the front edge for a distance of 1.5 m to the rear with a red-colored board sunken into the snow so that it is 2 cm below the snow surface. Both sides of each lane must be marked from the ramp to the targets with five (5) T-posts with sign boards max. 20 cm wide by 15 cm high, in alternating colors matching the background color of the target numbers that clearly define the lanes but do not interfere with shooting. The first line of T-posts should begin at 10 m. There must be a minimum distance of 3 -5 m between the outer edge of the left and right lanes and the start of the safety berms they adjoin. This distance must be maintained from the ramp to the targets.
3.4.3.2 Shooting Mats
Shooting mats must be placed at the front part of each shooting lane on the
shooting ramp. The mats should be 200 cm x 150 cm and 1 to 2 cm thick, and
made of synthetic or natural fibers with a non-slip surface.
3.4.4 Targets
There are two main kinds of targets used for Biathlon training and
competitions - metal and paper. Only metal targets shall be used for
competition and only paper targets shall be used for zeroing of rifles. Both
paper and metal targets may be used for training. Only targets which are in
conformity with the Material Catalogue (Annex A) may be used for Cadet
competitions.
3.4.4.1 The same type of targets must be used for all competitors in one competition.
3.4.4.2 Target Maintenance
Targets must be well maintained and adjusted, according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
3.4.4.3 Target Placement
The targets must be set up in a level straight line, parallel to the front edge of
the shooting ramp. They must be level in all directions. The targets must be
placed so that the target is in the middle of the width of the lane. The targets
must not deviate sideways more than 1° from the right angle lines of their
shooting lanes. For the smallbore target at 50 meters, the target center
should be 80 to 100 cm higher than the surface of the shooting ramp.
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3.4.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.5.1
3.4.6
Target Background
The background behind the targets must be white from the ground level to a
minimum of 50 cm above the upper edge of the target, including all
constructions in this area.
Numbering and Markings
The shooting lanes and the corresponding targets must each have the same
number, easily visible, and beginning from the right with number 1. The
shooting lanes must be numbered on the left and right side at the front edge
of the shooting ramp. The number signs at the shooting ramp must be 30 cm
high and 20 cm wide. The number must be printed at the bottom of the sign
and be 20 cm high with the lines of the numbers 3 cm in width. The signs
must be mounted on a support post of 1 cm thick and 40 cm high – measured
from the snow surface to the bottom of the number sign. The size of the
target numbers must be 40 cm high with a line width of 4 cm and they must
be mounted immediately above the targets. Both the target and shooting
point number signs must be in alternating colours – black on yellow and
yellow on black – starting at number 1 with black on yellow and matching the
t-post lane markers.
Entrance and Exit Boundaries
At the entrance and exit of the range, 10 m outward from the left and right
hand shooting lanes, there must be a clear marking. These markings shall
indicate the outer edges of the information prohibition zone of the range
(zone of silence).
Wind Flags
At competitions and official training, wind flags should be installed at the side
of every third shooting lane beginning at the right side of lane 1, at 5 m from
the shooting ramp and 20 m from the target. The flags should be placed so
that the top edge of the flag is at the same level as the bottom edge of the
targets and cannot obstruct the direct line of sight to the targets.
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3.4.7 Rifle Racks
Suitably placed on the range in front of the coach area, there must be racks
for rifles for each participating team during competitions and an adequate
number during training. The racks may be used by teams during competition,
training and zeroing. Rifle racks must also be provided to facilitate the Rack to
Rack Carry in accordance with Annex C Article 2.4.
3.4.8 Video Cameras on Range
At cadet competitions, video cameras may be installed on the shooting range
in sufficient number so that the placement and number of cameras totally
covers and records all actions of all competitors on the range.
3.4.9 Ammunition Provision
Ammunition may be provided to competitors in magazines inserted into rails
on their rifle or in bowls at their firing point. When bowls are used, they must
have rounded bottoms and must facilitate the easy picking-up of the rounds.
3.5 FINISH AREA
3.5.1 General
The finish zone begins on the competition trail at the finish line and ends at
the finish equipment / material and clothing inspection point and should be at
least 30 m long and 9 m wide without obstruction. The last 50 m before the
finish line should be straight and 9 m wide. Only officials, finishing
competitors and authorized media personnel are permitted in the finish zone.
Space must be provided for the finish line timing equipment.
3.5.1.1 The finish line must be marked by a sunken red line in the snow at a right
angle to the incoming trail and clearly visible to the competitors.
3.5.2 Finish Equipment / Material Inspection
The finish equipment / material inspection must be located so that finishing
competitors flow into it automatically and can pass through it under
supervision. This is particularly important for Relay competitions so that
finished competitors do not obstruct the outgoing trail from the hand-over
zone. The finish zone fencing and placement must be set up so that
competitors are automatically led into, and have no way of evading the finish
equipment / material inspection.
3.5.3 Not applicable
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3.5.4 Refreshment Point
There should be a refreshment point after the finish zone, the location of
which must be agreed upon with the TD, to serve drinks, and to provide paper
tissues and similar necessary services to competitors after they finish.
3.5.5 Not applicable
3.5.6 Finish Exit Zone
After the finish zone, there should be an area where the competitors can
meet their team staff and retrieve their clothing and materials / equipment.
3.6 TEAM WAXING AND WARMING CABINS
In or very near the stadium area, there should be a sufficient number of
shelters, permanent buildings or good quality temporary structures (including
tents), in which teams may store equipment, wax skis and keep warm. The
cabins should be provided with ventilation – adequate for exhausting wax
fumes – lights and electric power outlets, and should be warmed to at least 20
degrees Celsius. Each team should have its own cabin but combining of more
than one team per cabin is allowed if work-space and security requirements
permit. Two rooms per team should be provided if possible to prevent
breathing of waxing fumes by the athletes. If this is not possible, then a
separate warming shelter should be provided for the athletes. The cabins
should be equipped with locking doors and teams issued with keys. If the
entrances cannot be locked, the Organizer must provide security for the
cabins. Parking space for teams should be provided within a reasonable
distance of the cabins. A loudspeaker of the public address system should be
placed near the cabins.
3.7 COMPETITOR WAITING ROOM
Rooms should be provided near the wax cabins as waiting area for the
competitors. This can be a part of the stadium building, a separate warming
shelter or a tent.
4. COMPETITION EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING FOR EVENTS
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4.1 GENERAL RULES
The term “competition materials / equipment and clothing” includes all of the
materials, equipment, competition gear and clothing which the competitor
uses during an event. The definitions and specifications of competition
materials /equipment and clothing, are regulated by the Material Catalogue
(Annex A).
4.2 INSPECTIONS OF EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL AND CLOTHING
4.2.1 Preliminary Control
Competitors’ materials / equipment and clothing must be inspected before
the start and after the finish of a competition. Additionally, a preliminary
materials/equipment and clothing check is to be provided well in advance of a
competition to ensure that no problems occur.
4.2.2 Pre-Start Materials / Equipment and Clothing Inspection
Competitors must report at the start materials / equipment and clothing
inspection area not later than 15 minutes prior to their scheduled time of
start to have their skis checked and marked, and their clothing inspected.
Rifles must be checked upon arrival on the range prior to proceeding to the
start materials / equipment and clothing inspection and before removing the
rifle from the range. Competitors who arrive later than 15 minutes before the
start, are responsible for the time that it takes to make this inspection /
marking, even if this results in a late start. Equipment, rifles, materials and
clothing that have been inspected and marked at pre-start equipment
inspection must not be modified in any way prohibited by these rules or the
Materials Catalogue. Team reserve rifles are to be brought to the range for
inspection and marking, and then must be deposited in the rifle racks. To
facilitate the inspection of the rifles, the range must be opened at least 30
minutes before the start of zeroing and the competitors will have the right to
have their rifles checked from that time onwards. The early opening of the
pre-start equipment inspection will be permitted and encouraged at all
competitions in order to avoid time difficulties.
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4.2.2.1 Specific Checks at Start Equipment Inspection and Rifle Check
The following checks are made:
a. the competitor is wearing their start number;
b. the rifle shall then be safety-checked to confirm it does not contain a live cartridge in the chamber or in its inserted magazine and that the bolt is open to the rear;
c. the weight, trigger resistance, dimensions and shape of the rifle shall be checked for correctness. The rifle shall be marked with a small sticker affixed to the top front end part of the forestock that must be clearly visible to officials on the range, and the serial number shall be recorded on a check list so that the rifle can be verified in case the sticker falls off;
d. skis and poles will be checked for correctness and skis marked; and
e. clothing and other materials / equipment is inspected for correctness.
4.2.2.2 Markings
Equipment will be marked to prevent unauthorized changes of equipment
during the competition by using another competitor’s start number. Both skis
and rifles will be marked. In Individual, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass Start
competitions, only one color will be used to mark the skis. The equipment will
be marked with a colored marker pen or stamp, and will be unique for that
competition. In Relay competitions, the skis must be marked according to the
team start numbers and the colors or numbers of the start sequence within
the team. Rifle inspection stickers must be placed on the top front end part of
the stock.
4.2.2.3 Delays Before Start
Competitors are themselves responsible if they are delayed in starting
because they have reported late to the equipment inspection area, or
because of corrections that have to be made to their clothing or equipment.
The OIC must provide sufficient staff to ensure prompt equipment inspections
and thus prevent competitors who have reported in time from starting late.
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4.2.2.4 Final Check Before Start
Between one to two minutes prior to the start, a check shall be made of the
competitor by the starter’s assistant(s) in order to ensure the following:
a. the competitor is wearing the proper start number; and
b. the skis are properly marked.
4.2.3 Finish Inspection and Rifle Check
After arriving at the finish and - in Relay competitions - after the handover
zone, a check shall be made to confirm the following:
a. safety check on the rifle before it is removed from the range, ensuring there
are no live rounds in the chamber or magazine and that the bolt is open to the
rear;
b. competitors have finished with at least one marked ski, with the skis and poles in accordance with the Material Catalogue;
c. that the rifle trigger resistance is at least 0.5 kg (may be conducted as a spot
check, if authorized by the TD);
d. not applicable; and
e. all ammunition on the stock and in other magazines will be removed at this inspection.
4.2.4 Not applicable
4.2.4.1 Not applicable
5. TRAINING AND ZEROING
5.1 GENERAL
Competitors and team staff should be provided the opportunity and the
facilities to prepare for the competitions. For that purpose the organizer must
provide Official Training times, ski testing facilities and offer the opportunity
for competitors to zero rifles and warm-up prior to the competition.
5.1.1 Exceptions
In extraordinary circumstances, the Competition Jury may close the entire
facility or limit training on the facility to certain parts or to specific times.
5.1.2 Not applicable
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5.1.3 Types of Training
“Official Training” is the period of time that the Organizer must provide for
training on the facility. The facility should be prepared the same as for the
competition. “Training” is the time that the Organizer allows for training on
the facility other than Official Training, and the facility does not have to be
prepared as for the competition. Organizers should allow as much time as is
possible in the event program for Training – if necessary, shooting lanes will
be allocated for teams as for Official Training, as directed by the TD.
5.2 OFFICIAL TRAINING
At cadet events the competition facility and course must be open for
inspection and Official Training at least once before the first competition. The
facilities and courses must be prepared as for the competition and the training
must be held at the same time of day as the competition itself, if at all
possible. Each subsequent competition should also be preceded by Official
Training unless it is not possible in the event program or due to other
circumstances. After 20 minutes, metal and paper targets will be used and the
choice of shooting lane will be free until the end of the training period;
however, the paper targets will be reserved for the assigned province/territory
for a further 25 minutes. When the metal targets are opened for Mass Start,
Relays and Pursuit official training, the odd numbered shooting lanes will be
set to prone and the even-numbered lanes will be set to standing.
5.3 RIFLE ZEROING
5.3.1 Zeroing Time
Prior to the start of a competition, competitors should be given the
opportunity to zero their rifles on the range for a period of 45 minutes, which
should begin one hour before and end no later than 5 minutes before the first
start. A shorter time may be used but it should be at least 30 minutes and end
15 minutes before the start, and without paper target change.
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5.3.2 Paper targets used for zeroing must be placed at the same level and the same
distance (+/- 20 cm) from the shooting lane as the competition targets. When
two rows of paper are placed, the second row should be below the level of
the competition targets. If the paper targets have to be changed during
zeroing, they will be changed after 20 minutes and only the top row of paper
targets will be changed. The time required for the change will not be
deducted from the time allocated for zeroing. Metal Targets may not be used
for zeroing.
5.3.3 Allocation of Zeroing Lanes
If possible, each team should be allocated one zeroing lane on the range. The
allocation of lanes will be determined by random draw conducted under
supervision of the TD. At national championships, two of the Northwest and
two of the Atlantic Teams should be placed side by side for coaching
purposes.
5.3.3.1 Not applicable
5.3.3.2 Not applicable
5.4 USE OF THE COURSE BEFORE THE START
For all events, the course shall be open for warming up for entered
competitors and team staff until 5 minutes before the start, unless otherwise
decided by the jury. All competitors on the course must wear their start
numbers. From 5 minutes before the start, skiing on the course is forbidden,
but team members may walk on the edge of the course.
5.5 SKI TESTING
It is not recommended to use the competition trails for ski testing. Ski testing
must be done in the area assigned for ski testing. In extraordinary
circumstances the TD may authorize ski testing on the competition trails.
6. START REGULATIONS
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6.1 START TYPES AND INTERVALS
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
General
There are four types of starts: single, group, simultaneous, and range start
and two standard start intervals – one minute or 30 seconds. At all cadet
events, the following regulations will apply:
Individual and Sprint Competitions
For all Individual and Sprint competitions single starts will normally be made,
with 30-second intervals. However, shorter or longer intervals shall be
permitted if it is best for the competition. For Sprint competitions, group
starts can be used. The TD will decide which start type and start interval is the
best for the circumstances, in consultation with the organizer.
Pursuit Competitions
In all cadet Pursuit Competitions, a normalized start interval of 5 seconds will
be used. The start order will be determined from the results of a designated
previous competition in the same event.
Mass Start Competitions
In Mass Start competitions, the competitors all start together in one single
simultaneous start. However, it is permissible to start the competitors in
waves based on class, category or from results from a previous competition in
the same event.
Relay Competitions
In all Relay competitions the first competitors of each team all start simultaneously. Subsequent starts by other team members are done by the incoming team member tagging the next team member in the relay hand-over zone.
Not applicable
Short Sprint Competitions
In the Short Sprint competition, all competitors start individually with an
interval of 30 seconds between each competitor.
Team Sprint Competitions
In the Team Sprint competition, all competitors start in team pairs with an interval of 30 seconds between each team.
6.1.8
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6.2 STARTING POSITIONS AND STARTS
6.2.1 Single Start with Electronic Timing
Competitors shall stand as close to the gate as possible and will pass through
the gate at their starting time.
6.2.2 Single Start with Manual Timing
If only manual timing is used, competitors shall stand with both feet
completely behind the start line and will cross the line at their starting time.
6.2.3 Pursuit Start
Competitors must arrive in the start area at least five minutes before the start
for placement into the start lanes. They will then be lined up sequentially in
their start lanes. If a competitor is not present at the start, an official must
stand in his place. Each simultaneous start must be from a separate lane. An
analysis of each start will be done by an official. For junior competitors, an
official will bar the crossing of the start line by holding their arm horizontally
across the end of the lane, and quickly lowering the arm at the exact start
time for that lane. All other competitors themselves are responsible for
starting and must start at their assigned time.
6.2.4 Relay Start
In Relay competitions the first starters will stand in their assigned start lanes
with both feet behind the line marking their start row, or behind their start
position if no marking is there. The competitors must start when the
designated start signal is given. Subsequent members of a Relay team will
stand in the hand-over zone, according to their start sequence, and will start
when tagged by the incoming team member.
6.2.5 Group Start
In group starts, the competitor with the lowest start number of that group
shall take position 1, the second lowest position 2, etc. They shall stand as for
the Relay simultaneous start and will start when the designated signal is
given. This process shall be repeated for each group.
6.2.6 Mass Start Competition Start
The Mass Start competition will start the same as the first starters in the Relay
simultaneous start.
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6.2.7 Short Sprint Competition Start
The start order for the Short Sprint qualification competition will be decided
by the organizer together with the TD for the respective competition.
6.2.8 Patrol Start
Each team will be assigned two adjoining firing lanes. Prior to the race, each
competitor’ rifle will be on the mat with bolts open and an official will place
ammunition in bowls. For the start, the team will stand on the shooting ramp
behind the shooting mats for their assigned lanes. No part of the skis can be
forward of the rear edge of the mat. On the sound of a whistle, the race will
start with the competitors moving forward adopting their position and
engaging their targets. Replacement rifles will not be permitted after the race
has commenced. If there is a rifle malfunction, the Patrol members will be
responsible for carrying out any repairs without coach or official assistance.
Range officials will ensure safety at all times.
6.3 START SIGNALS
6.3.1 Single Starts - Electronic Timing
The start command is given by the electric sound of the start clock – a loud
beep, and/or the visual time of the start clock. The starter must not touch the
competitor.
6.3.2 Single Starts - Manual Timing
At single starts without an electronic start gate, the starter shall say "Ready"
10 seconds before the time of start and then count down loudly from 5
seconds before the start, saying "five-four-three-two-one". At the exact start
time, the starter shall give the command "Go". The starter must not touch the
competitor.
6.3.3 Pursuit Starts
The junior start signal for each Pursuit start is the dropped arm of the lane
official. Senior and youth categories will be assigned a start time and must
start at that time using the supplied start clocks.
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6.3.4 Simultaneous and Group Starts
In the Relay, Mass Start and Sprint competition with group starts, the start
signal shall be given by a shot from a start pistol or another start device, or
with a flag. Verbal warning signals will be given at 1 minute, 30 seconds and
"Ready” prior to the start, with the start signal given within 5 seconds after
"ready”.
6.3.5 Start in the Hand-over Zone
In Relay competitions, the relay hand-over must take place within the hand-over zone in such a way that the incoming competitors touch the body (including torso, arms, legs, hands, feet and head) or the rifle of the outgoing competitor with their hand.
6.3.6 Patrol Starts
The start signal for the Patrol start is a whistle.
6.4 START TIME, EARLY START, LATE START AND FALSE START
6.4.1
6.4.2
Electronic Start Time
In single starts, the electronically recorded time of activating the gate shall be
the start time if the competitors activate the gate within 3 seconds before or
3 seconds after the time designated in the start list. If a competitor starts
more than 3 seconds before the scheduled time, it is an early start. If a
competitor starts more than 3 seconds later than the scheduled start time, it
is a late start and the time will begin from the scheduled time of start.
Manual Start Time
If only manual timing is used and the start is single, the time of start for
competitors is the time stated in the start list. If a competitor starts before
the start signal, it shall be an early start. If the competitor starts too late, it
shall be a late start.
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6.4.2.1 Pursuit Competitions
The time of start for each competitor shall be the time listed in the start list.
In the event of an early start, the competitor will be penalized according to
the appropriate disciplinary rule. If a competitor arrives too late at a start, the
late competitor must be directed through the spare passage, and the official
at that point will record the exact time that the competitor crosses the start
line. If the competitor was late by his own or team’s fault, his competition
time will be calculated from his official start time in the start list. If the cause
of the delay was force majeure or incorrect or accidental actions of someone
outside his team, his competition time and placement in the Pursuit will be
calculated from the time recorded by the official.
6.4.3 Relay, Mass Start and Sprint Competitions with Group starts
The moment of start is at the time of the start signal.
6.4.4 Hand-over Zone Start Time
The start time for the Relay team member taking over shall be the moment
when the incoming team member enters the hand-over zone by crossing the
timing line at the beginning of the zone.
6.4.5 Early Start - Individual and Relay Teams
If an early start occurs in an Individual competition or in the hand-over zone,
the starter’s assistant must stop the competitor as quickly as possible after
the start line or the hand-over zone and send him back. The competitor must
then return to behind the start line - or into the hand-over zone in Relay
competitions- and start again. If possible the competitors will be restarted at
their correct start time either through the gate or over the start line using
manual timing (except in the Relay). If the correct start time has expired, the
time of start reverts to the listed start time. Time thus lost will count against
the competitor.
6.4.6 False Start – Simultaneous, Group and Hand-over
If there is a false start during a simultaneous or group start, the officials in charge will stop the competitors and the competitors must start again. If the Relay hand-over occurs before or after (outside) the hand-over zone, it will be considered a false start and the procedure must be repeated within the zone. Competitors or Relay teams who have made a false start and do not return to start again correctly will be considered as not having started.
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6.4.7 Late Start
If competitors are late at the start, they must start at the first possible
opportunity as directed by the starter, without obstructing other competitors.
6.4.7.1 If the competitor was late due to his own fault, his start time will be the one
on the start list. If the late start was due to force majeure, the Competition
Jury will decide his start time.
6.5 START NUMBERS
6.5.1 General
At Cadet competitions, all competitors must wear a bib which has their start
number on it. Competitors are responsible to ensure that their bib numbers
remain visible during a competition. The start number, and sequence colour
worn by a competitor must be the number and colour assigned for that
competitor for that competition by the competition start list.
6.5.1.1 Numbering
At cadet competitions, the set of start numbers for each start must begin with
the number 1 and must continue in numerical order to the last number.
6.5.1.2 Colour
The colour of the bib numbers should clearly contrast against the base colour
of the cloth.
6.5.1.3 Sizes of Start Numbers
The sizes which should be used for start numbers in Cadet Competitions are
detailed in the Material Catalogue.
6.5.2 Start Number Colours by Competitions
6.5.2.1 Individual, Short Sprint, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass Start Competitions
The start numbers of all competitors should be of the same design. The leader
in each category in a Pursuit competition may be assigned a specially-
coloured bib number.
6.5.2.2 Relay Competitions
The start number colors that must be used within a team are: red for the starting member, green for the second, yellow for the third and blue for the fourth.
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6.5.2.3 Patrol and Team Sprint Competitions
The start number colours within the team shall be red and green (team of 2)
or red, green, yellow and blue (team of 4).
6.6 WEATHER CONDITIONS
6.6.1
6.6.2
Temperature
Biathlon competitions must not be started if the air temperature is colder
than minus 20 degrees Celsius measured at the coldest part of the site (range
or course), 1.5 m above ground.
Wind-Chill
If it is colder than minus 15 degrees Celsius, wind-chill and humidity must be
considered before starting and during the competition. In the case of a high
wind-chill factor, the Competition Jury will decide whether to start, modify
or continue the competition. The course to be skied may also be changed to
avoid windy areas. Table 2 shows wind-chill temperature equivalents.
TABLE 2 - WIND-CHILL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS WIND SPEED IN KM/H
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NOTES TO TABLE 2
1. This is only a guide - decision to start or not will be made by the Competition
Jury in consultation with the Organizing Committee and Coaches.
2. Top shaded line is the -20 degree Celsius equivalent boundary.
3. Bottom shaded area indicates that exposed flesh freezes in one minute.
4. Wind speed is to be measured at height of 1.5 m on the range.
5. Temperature is measured at 1.5 m at the coldest competition area.
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7. SKIING REGULATIONS
7.1 GENERAL
7.1.1 General Skiing Rules
Competitors must ski the entire distance of the stipulated competition course
in the correct sequence and direction on skis and following the marked course
precisely. They may use no other form of propulsion than skis, poles and their
own muscular force. All skiing techniques shall be permitted. If used,
competitors must carry the electronic transponder device(s) provided by the
organizer, during the competition, attached to one or both ankles as directed.
The transponder may not be removed until the official removal place after the
competition. The transponder must be of such design that it does not
interfere with the competitors’ movements in the competition. The maximum
weight of each transponder may not exceed 25 g.
7.1.1.1 Did Not Finish
If competitors withdraw from the competition before the finish, they must
inform the first official they meet and will be responsible for returning any
transponders and the start number bib to the finish equipment / material and
clothing inspection area as soon as possible.
7.1.2 Carrying the Rifle
For rack to rack carries, rifles must be carried on the competitor’s back, with
the barrel pointing up. If the rifle or harness becomes so damaged during the
competition that it cannot be carried on the competitor’s back, it must be
safely carried in hand to be immediately exchanged for the team reserve rifle.
7.1.3 Wrong Course Section
If a competitor skis on a wrong course section or the wrong sequence, they
must return to the point where they made the wrong turn along the part of
the course skied in error. In order to do so, the competitor may have to ski
against the correct ski direction and shall be totally responsible for ensuring
that they do not obstruct or endanger other competitors. There is no penalty
for having committed the error provided the error does not result in any
interference to the other competitors.
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7.1.4 Passing and Giving Way
A competitor, who is in position to pass another competitor, and wishes to pass, must yell “Track.” A competitor who is about to be overtaken must clear the course in front of the passing competitor at the first yell of “Track” or other voice signal, even if the course is wide enough. However, this obligation does not apply to the last 50 m before the finish line and the last 50 m before the hand-over zone. The competitor on or exiting the penalty loop has the right of way over the competitor entering the penalty loop.
7.1.5 Skiing Penalty Loops
In all competitions in which the shot-penalty is a 150m penalty loop, the
competitors must ski the loop once for every missed target immediately after
the shooting bout.
7.1.5.1 Responsibility
Competitors themselves shall be responsible for skiing the required number
of penalty loops immediately after the shooting bout. It is not permitted to
complete penalty loops at a later time.
7.1.5.2 Penalty Loop Error
If competitors, due to a mistake by the organizer or a target malfunction, ski
too many penalty loops, the Competition Jury shall decide on an appropriate
time adjustment. The organizer shall ensure, in each competition in which the
penalty loop is used that the average penalty loop ski time is recorded based
on at least five competitors.
7.1.6 Skating at All Relay, Mass and Group Starts
The use of the skating technique in simultaneous or group starts (one or both
legs sideways) is permitted once the start signal is given. Passing is allowed
after the start signal is given.
7.2 OBSTRUCTION
It is strictly forbidden to impede other competitors in any way at any time
during the competition. This prohibition also includes the dropping of objects
on the competition course or the shooting range in such a way that other
competitors are impeded.
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7.3 EXCHANGING EQUIPMENT, REPAIRS, ASSISTANCE
7.3.1 Exchange of Skis and Poles
Competitors may exchange one of their skis, but only if it is broken or the binding is damaged. When it can be objectively proven that a competitor has broken both skis or bindings by accident, the jury can accept the exchange of both skis in order for the competitor to finish the competition. Poles and straps may be exchanged repeatedly. On the shooting range, equipment may only be passed to the athletes by competition officials. The replacement skis and poles must be in Material Catalogue rules.
7.3.2 Glide Performance and Equipment Repairs
The competitors may not change the glide performance of their skis by the
application of any substances during a competition. They may repair their
equipment during a competition, provided they receive no assistance from
any person.
7.3.3 Rifle Repairs, Exchange and Ammunition
Assistance to repair a rifle is only permitted on the shooting range by the
competition armorer or a competition official. A rifle may be exchanged only
on the shooting range. Competitors are permitted to receive ammunition and
magazines only on the shooting range.
7.3.4 Refreshments
Competitors may consume refreshments during the competition. The
refreshments may be carried by the competitors or be given to them.
7.3.5 Other Assistance
Competitors are not permitted to receive any assistance from any person,
other than as expressly stated in these Rules.
7.4 PATROL RACE SEQUENCE
Each Team will ski the entire course as a patrol. The patrol will move in close
formation with no more than 30 metres between lead and rear competitors.
The distance between the lead and rear competitors will be measured when
the competitors enter and exit the range and may be measured during
different intervals while on the course.
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7.5 TEAM RELAY SEQUENCE
After starting, each team member will ski the entire course as they would for
a sprint race.
8. SHOOTING REGULATIONS
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 Shooting Rules
All shooting during training and competition shall take place at the shooting
range. In a competition competitors shall fire after having completed each of
the required sections of the course for the competition, except the last
section which shall end at the finish, the Relay hand-over or the final Patrol
bout of shooting. The shooting specifications for all competitions are given in
Table 1 under 1.3.10. When a rifle is taken out of the range area, it must be in
a case or a cover bag.
8.2 SPECIFIC SHOOTING RULES FOR TYPES OF COMPETITIONS
8.2.1 Selection of Shooting Lanes
Shooting lanes will be assigned for all Cadet Competitions.
8.2.2 Relay and Patrol Competitions - Spare Rounds
8.2.2.1 In the Relay competition, each competitor must fire the first five rounds and if targets remain standing they must use the three spare rounds until all five targets are hit or until all eight rounds are fired. If competitors need spare rounds after having fired the first five rounds, the spare rounds must be hand loaded one by one – not loaded directly from a magazine.
8.2.2.2 In the Patrol Race:
a. for a two-person team, two competitors will fire from the team’s assigned lanes or one will fire and one may utilize a spotting scope to coach his or her teammate. For a four-person team, two competitors will fire from the team’s assigned lanes, a third may utilize a spotting scope to coach his or her teammates and the fourth will wait behind the team. All members of the team must shoot at least two bouts;
b. a maximum of 20 rounds (4 magazines) are issued for the first three shooting bouts per team and 20 rounds (2 magazines and 10 loose rounds) will be issued for the final shooting bout. Unlimited rounds are permitted for
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the final bout of shooting and either competitor can request
more ammunition at any time as required;
c. when a competitor has hit all five of the targets in his lane, he may fire at the other set of targets assigned to the patrol. The competitor who is shooting
on this set of targets must first open the bolt and lower their rifle. The cross-
shooting competitor cannot shoot until the other shooter has opened their
bolt and lowered their rifle. A two (2) minute penalty will be imposed on any
team that breaks this rule. For the purpose of this rule, lowering the rifle
means to lower the muzzle of the rifle and cease looking through the rear
sight and lower butt of the rifle from the shoulder to the ground so that it is
clear to observing officials that the competitor is no longer aiming at the
target and does not intend to fire;
d. competitors may use patrol equipment to assist in shooting;
e.with the exception of the last bout of shooting, the shot-penalty for the Patrol Race is the 150m penalty loop. Any one competitor from the team must
ski the loop once for every missed target immediately after the shooting bout. The remaining team members will wait just beyond the penalty loop in the
designated holding area. The holding area should be adjacent to the trail as
close to the penalty loop exit as possible. For the final bout of shooting the
teams will be given unlimited rounds and will continue to fire until all targets
are hit or the 45 minute time limit expires; and
f. if competing with magazine fed rifles, the competitors are to ensure that any magazine left in the rifle at the conclusion of the shooting bout is empty. If there are still rounds left in the magazine then it must be removed from the rifle during the unload procedure. Failure to do this will result in a two-minute team penalty for the first infraction and team disqualification for the second infraction. Note that it does not have to be the same competitor that makes the infraction, if any team member makes the infraction a second time then the disqualification penalty applies.
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8.3 SHOOTING POSITIONS
8.3.1 Prone Position
In the prone position the competitors must comply with the following
regulations: the rifle may only be in contact with their hands, shoulder and
cheek. The lower side of the wrist of the arm supporting the rifle must be
distinctly raised from the ground (snow surface). Specific range procedures
are detailed in Annex C to these rules.
8.3.2 Standing Position
In the standing position, competitors must comply with the following
regulations: they must stand without any support. Only their hands, shoulder,
cheek and the area of their chest next to their shoulder may be in contact
with the rifle. They may hold the arm supporting the rifle against their chest
or prop it against their hip. Specific range procedures are detailed in Annex C
to these rules.
8.3.2.1 No Removal of Skis
Removing one or both skis while shooting, including training and zeroing is
prohibited. Placing any kind of object under the skis is also prohibited.
8.3.3 Position in Shooting Lane
Competitors must ensure that no part of their body, clothing, materials, or
equipment protrudes over the 1.5 m red lines marking the shooting lane or
the extension of those boundaries while shooting. Competitors must also
ensure that their rifle muzzle extends over the firing line.
8.3.4 Enforcement
If competitors are warned by a Range Official that their shooting position or
their position in the shooting lane is not according to the rules, those
competitors must immediately correct their position.
8.4 SHOOTING AIDS
8.4.1 Use of Shooting Sling and Arm Cuff
The use of a shooting sling and arm cuff is permitted in both the prone and
standing position.
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8.4.2 Use of Magazine
The five rounds required in each bout of shooting may be loaded with the use
of a magazine. If, after the first shot is fired, rounds are lost from the
magazine or fail to fire, a new magazine may not be inserted into the rifle.
Such rounds must be loaded individually. However, if a magazine is lost or
proves to be defective before the first shot is fired, it may be replaced with
another magazine, provided no live round remains in the chamber.
8.5 SAFETY REGULATIONS
8.5.1 General
Shooting is permitted only on the shooting range, during officially authorized
times. Making rifle movements that might endanger others or the
competitors themselves, or that may be perceived by others as dangerous, is
forbidden. The rifle muzzle must be over the forward edge of the shooting
ramp (firing line) from the beginning to the end of the shooting bout. When
the range is open for shooting, no one is permitted to be forward of that line.
At all times, the athlete is responsible for the safety of his actions and rifle.
8.5.2 Loading and Unloading
Rifles may be loaded and unloaded only with the barrel pointing in the
direction of the targets or up. To insert a magazine containing bullets into the
rifle is part of the loading procedure. When moving from one shooting lane to
another, competitors must first unload their rifle and place the rifle on their
back in the normal carrying position.
8.5.2.1 Safety Check on the Range after Shooting
Rifles must be unloaded after each shooting bout – that is, no round may be left in the chamber or in the inserted magazine. However, competitors are permitted to leave the empty magazine in the rifle after the last shot. At the end of training, competitors must perform a safety check before leaving the shooting range by opening the bolt and removing the inserted magazine, with the barrel pointed toward the target or upward. Competitors must also remove all ammunition from both the stock and the magazines before leaving the shooting range.
8.5.3 Aimed Shots
All shots must be aimed and fired only at the targets.
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8.5.4 Removal of Rifle on the Range
Competitors may not remove a strap of their rifle carrying harness from their
shoulder before they have reached the shooting lane from which they will be
shooting, have come to a complete stop and have placed their poles on the
ground. They must cross the lane marking line with both feet and lay both ski
poles on the ground prior to removing their rifle from the carrying position.
8.5.5 Not applicable
8.6 MISFIRES, LOST ROUNDS/MAGAZINES AND DAMAGED RIFLES
8.6.1 Misfires and Lost Rounds / Magazines
Misfired or lost rounds, or magazines, may be replaced by competitors
themselves if they are carrying spare rounds or magazines. If they are not
carrying spare rounds or magazines, competitors may obtain replacement
rounds or magazines from a range official by raising a hand and loudly saying
“Ammunition”. The range official who responds will get the spare rounds from
the team’s reserve rifle or from the team’s support staff behind the range and
deliver them to the competitor.
8.6.2 Damaged Rifles
If a competitor’s rifle needs to be repaired or otherwise made functional, the
competitor may do the repairs or may accept assistance, but only from the
competition armorer or a range official. If the rifle cannot be made functional,
it may be exchanged for the team’s reserve rifle.
8.6.2.1 Reserve Rifle
A rifle which has been damaged during the competition or malfunctions for
technical reasons to such an extent that it cannot be used to continue the
competition may be exchanged for a team reserve rifle which has been
inspected and marked at rifle check and deposited in the team rifle rack on
the range before the competition. The competitor must then continue the
competition with the reserve rifle.
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8.6.2.2 Rifle /Magazine / Ammunition Exchange Procedure
During shooting the competitor shall indicate that his rifle, magazine, or
ammunition needs to be exchanged by raising his hand. When a Range Official
responds, the competitor will point to his rifle and say "Rifle" / “Magazine” /
“Ammunition” and his unit/team/Province/Territory. The Range Official will
inform the coach who will provide the team’s spare rifle from the designated
rifle rack, a replacement magazine or ammunition and bring it to the
competitor.
8.6.3 No Time Adjustment
There shall be no time adjustment for repairing or exchanging a rifle or
obtaining a spare magazine or rounds.
8.6.4 Response by Range Officials
All Range Officials must be alert to observe a raised hand or a yell by a
competitor for spare rounds, magazine or rifle exchange. The Range Officials
must react with a sense of urgency and move quickly to minimize the time
required to bring the rounds or to advise the coach on the rifle problem.
8.7 TARGET ERRORS AND MALFUNCTIONS
8.7.1 Incorrectly Set Target
If a competitor is confronted with an incorrectly set target, the incorrect
target must be set to the correct position immediately by the coach. The
competitor will then commence shooting from the beginning and will be
allowed to use a new magazine if five new shots are needed to complete the
bout of shooting. In the event that the competitor had hits from the standing
position for a target that was mistakenly set for prone, the hits may be
scored.
8.7.2 Target Malfunction
If a target fails to function, the competitor must be directed to another target
and the defective target must be blocked off immediately. The range official
will inform the competitor whether he should continue the shooting bout or
recommence shooting from the beginning.
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8.7.3 Cross-Firing, Shooting from the Wrong Lane, and Targets Hit by Another
Competitor
If the target on which a competitor is shooting is fired on by another
competitor, the incorrect firer must be stopped immediately. If no target
plates have fallen, the correct competitor may continue shooting. If a target
plate has been hit, the target must be reset immediately and the competitor
must then fire the remaining shots on the reset target.
8.7.3.1 Before such a target is reset, the hits and their positions must be recorded. In
such a case in the Sprint, Pursuit, Mass Start or Relay competition, the Range
Official must tell the competitor how many penalty loops must be done.
8.7.3.2 If a competitor cross-fires onto a target not in their shooting lane, and no
other competitor is shooting on that target, they shall be allowed to continue
without the mistake being pointed out to them. However, hits on the wrong
target will not be scored. Only those of the competitor’s hits that are on the
correct target will be scored.
8.7.3.3 Not Applicable
8.7.4 Time Adjustments and Responsibility
In those cases where competitors lose time due to a target error which is not
their fault or a target malfunction, the Competition Jury shall make an
appropriate time adjustment.
8.7.4.1 Own Error
If, however, competitors make an error such as cross-firing or selecting a
target that has been used and not reset, they themselves will be held
responsible and no time adjustment will be made.
8.7.5 Scoring of Shooting
For all shooting in competitions, a system of scoring the shooting must be put
in place by the organizer. Each shot that is fired in a competition should be
observed by three independent persons or methods.
9. THE FINISH, COMPETITION TIME AND RESULTS
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9.1 THE FINISH
9.1.1 Moment of Finish
Finish is the moment when a competitor’s or a Relay/Patrol team’s
competition time ends. When electronic timing is used, the finish occurs when
the beam of the electronic sensor at the finish line is broken by the
competitor. When manual timing is used, the finish occurs when the
competitor crosses the finish line with one or both feet. In Relay competitions
the timing is taken from the last member to finish. In Patrol competitions the
timing is taken when the last target is hit on the final bout of shooting.
9.2 COMPETITION TIME
The competition time is the period of elapsed time during the competition on
which the placing of a competitor or team in the results of the competition
are based. The time always includes any penalties or adjustments imposed or
awarded by the Competition Jury.
9.2.1 Individual Competitions
In all Individual competitions, the competitor’s time is the elapsed time
between start and finish plus any shot-penalty minutes imposed.
9.2.2 Short Sprint, Sprint, Pursuit and Mass Start Competitions
9.2.2.1 In the Short Sprint and Sprint competitions the competitors’ time is the time
elapsed between their start and finish.
9.2.2.2 In the Pursuit competition and the Mass Start competition, the first
competitor to cross the finish line, after penalties and time adjustments have
been accounted for, will be declared the winner. This also applies to the
rankings of subsequent finishers. The competitor’s time is the time elapsed
between the first start and the finish.
9.2.3 Not applicable
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9.2.4 Relay Competitions
In all Relay competitions the competition time of a team member is the time
elapsed from the start, or hand-over, to the next completed handover or from
the hand-over to the finish. The total time of a relay team is the time elapsed
between the start of the first member to the finish of the last member. The
time of the incoming members stops when they cross the timing line into the
hand-over zone; the time of the outgoing members begins at the same
moment. During some cadet events, the individual competitor times may be
recorded for use in aggregate results or for ranking of athletes for a pursuit
Race.
9.2.4.1 Placing in Relay competition
The placing of Relay teams in the results will be decided by the finishing order
of each team’s respective last competitors, after time penalties and / or
adjustments have been accounted for.
9.2.4.2 Placing in Patrol Competitions
In all patrol competitions the competition time of a team is the elapsed time
from the start to the last target being hit on the final bout of shooting or until
the time limit elapses with the addition of time penalties for targets not hit.
The following shall apply:
a. A time limit of 45 minute will be given to complete the race;
b. If a team completes all ski loops and shooting bouts prior to the end of the
45- minute time limit, the team’s running time will be ended when the last
target is hit;
c. If a team has not completed shooting at the 45 minute mark, it will cease
fire and a time adjustment of 60 seconds will be added to the team time for
each target not hit;
d. If a team is on the course at the 45 minute mark, it will be permitted to ski
the remainder of the loop with its time running until the last member of the
patrol enters the zone of silence. A time adjustment of 60 seconds will be
added to the team time for each target not shot; and
e. For each ski loop(s) not completed by the team, a 10 minute time
adjustment will be added to the team’s final time plus 60 seconds per target
not shot.
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9.2.4.3 Placing in Team Sprint Competitions
The placing of Team Sprint teams in the results will be decided by the total of
the finishing times of each team’s competitors after time penalties and / or
adjustments have been accounted for.
9.2.5 Equal Time - Tie
If two or more competitors/teams have the same competition time, they shall
be placed in the results with equal (tie) ranking. In Pursuit, Mass Start and
Relay competitions, if analysis of the photo-finish and/or finish video camera
data cannot determine the order in which two or more athletes have finished,
a tie will be declared. Equal placings (ties) in a competition will be given an
equal number of points.
9.2.6 Photo-Finish
When photo finish is employed, a photo finish camera must be installed at the
finish line to record the finish. The camera must be placed exactly in line with
the finish line and in such a position that the entire finish line is seen by the
camera. If the photo finish record will determine the placings, the decision
will be based on the first part of the first foot crossing the finish line. If there
is a photo finish, the competition jury will decide the finish order based on the
photo finish record.
9.2.6.1 Finish Video Camera
When a video camera is used, it must be installed in such a way it will record
the start numbers of competitors as they cross the finish line.
9.2.7 Not applicable
9.2.8 Interrupted Competitions
9.2.8.1 At Pursuit and Mass Start competitions where the jury determines it is not
possible to complete the fourth bout of shooting, the finish time will be taken
at the timing point after the penalty loop following the third shooting bout. At
competitions where less than three bouts of shooting are completed, the
competition will be stopped and no official results will be produced.
9.2.8.2 At relay competitions that are stopped after the third leg of the relay is
completed, the time recorded at that hand-over will be the final result.
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9.3 TIMING SYSTEMS
9.3.1 Requirements
Competition time should be measured electronically backed up by manual
timing. Manual timing is used only if the electronic system is not available or
fails during the competition. Specifications of timing equipment are given in
the Materials Catalogue (Annex A.)
9.3.2 Units of Measure
For Cadet Competitions electronically and manually measured competition
times must be registered to the second but should be registered to 1/10 (0.1)
of a second if possible.
9.4 THE COMPETITION RESULTS
9.4.1 General
Results are the record of the performance of the competitors or teams in a
competition. The organizer shall be responsible for producing and distributing
the results on paper and electronically. Provisional and Final Results should
include the following information.
a. name and location of the event;
b. type, time and date of the competition;
c. course and weather data;
d. names of the Competition Jury members;
e. signature of the TD;
f. number of entered competitors and totalranked;
g. number of did not start and did not finish;
h. notes about imposed penalties;
i. columns for:
- placing, in ranking order from first to last;
- start numbers;
- last and first names of competitors;
- unit/team;
- shooting penalties per bout;
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- shooting penalties total;
- ski times;
- total time, and team time in Relay;
- time behind; and
- points (when appropriate).
For the Pursuit Competition the times shown will be the time behind the first
starter for the winner, followed by the time behind the winner for the
remaining competitors.
9.4.1.1 Ties
If there is an equal competition time, the tied competitors will be given equal
ranking in the results; however, there will be no next placing in the results.
9.4.2 Types of Results
For Cadet Competitions there are two types of results: Provisional and Final.
9.4.2.1 Not applicable
9.4.2.2 Provisional Results
Provisional Results are the first official record of the competition produced by
the organizer after the last finish. Provisional Results are always subject to
protest and must be published and posted at the finish area and competition
office as soon as possible after the last competitor has finished. The TD must
sign and write the time of posting on the Provisional Results List so that the
end of the protest period is clear.
9.4.2.3 Final Results
The Final Results are the uncontestable final record of the competition and
should be published immediately after the deadline for protests has passed or
as soon as the Competition Jury has made its decisions on protests that have
been submitted.
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9.4.3 Results Booklet
The Final Results and other important information of all the competitions
should be made into a booklet or posted online. The booklet should contain:
a. the event program;
b. participant list by unit / province / territory, competitors;
c. decisions of the Competition Jury; and
d. all Final Results.
9.4.4 Distribution of Booklets and Results
One copy of the Results Booklet should be distributed to all units / provinces /
territories that have participated in the event. If this cannot be done before
their departure, the booklets should be sent by mail or made available
electronically as soon as it is ready.
9.5 AWARD SCORING SYSTEM
A scoring system will be used to reflect the performance of competitors and
relay teams throughout Stages 3 and 4. Those competitors who have attained
the highest final scores will be the winners.
9.5.1 Types of Scores
The following types of scores are used:
a. Short Sprint score;
b. Individual score;
c. Sprint score;
d. Pursuit score;
e. Mass Start score;
f. Relay score; and / or
g. Team Sprint score.
9.5.2 Awarding Points
Competition points will be awarded for each discipline as follows:
1st place 60 points 2nd place 54 points
3rd place 48 points 4th place 43 points
5th place 40 points 6th place 38 points
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7th place 36 points 8th place 34 points
9th place 32 points 10th place 31 points
Further decreasing by one down to 40th place (1 point).
9.5.3 Criteria
Scoring will be based on the Short Sprint, Individual, Sprint, Pursuit, Mass
Start Relay and Team Sprint competitions at the competition.
9.5.4 Breaking of Ties in Standings
If there is an equal number of points in any standings, the best placed competitor will be the one who won more first places, and if there is still a tie, who won the most second places, etc. If, after following this procedure, the tie cannot be broken, a tie will be declared.
10. PROTESTS
10.1 GENERAL
Protests must be submitted in writing to the competition secretary or the TD
using the official Protest Form, for the Competition Jury, and must be
accompanied by a fee as determined by the OPI in Stage 1, 2 & 3 and a fee of
$20.00 at Stage 4. If the protest is upheld, the fee will be refunded.
10.2 PROTEST TYPES AND CONDITIONS
10.2.1 Eligibility Protests
Protests concerning the eligibility of a competitor may be submitted at any
time up to the end of the protest time for the competition in question.
10.2.2 Protests During and After Competitions
Protests concerning violation of rules by competitors and team staff, mistakes
made by officials, competition conditions and the Provisional Results must be
submitted in the time period between the start of zeroing before the
competition until 15 minutes after the posting of the Provisional Results. The
organizer must make a clear announcement immediately after the Provisional
Results have been posted to inform everyone that they have been posted.
75
10.2.3 Repetition or Annulment
If the examination of a protest reveals circumstances that are so serious that
cast doubt on the sporting merit of the competition, or if the Competition
Jury from its own observation comes to the same conclusion, the Competition
Jury may decide to repeat the competition or to annul the competition
without repetition.
11. PENALTIES
11.1 GENERAL
For penalties, refer to the Cadet Disciplinary Rules (Section 5 of this rulebook).
12. NOT APPLICABLE
13. NOT APPLICABLE
14. NOT APPLICABLE
15. NOT APPLICABLE
76
SECTION 5 DISCIPLINARY RULES
1. AUTHORITY
The cadet Disciplinary Rules are issued on the authority of Natl CJCR Sp Gp.
2. SCOPE
The Cadet Biathlon Disciplinary Rules are applicable to all members of the
CCO and all participants at CCO Biathlon events.
3. CONDUCT LEADING TO PENALTIES AND DISCIPLINARY MEASURES
3.1 Athletes are subject to penalties.
3.2 Disciplinary measures may be imposed upon coaches, trainers, officials and
staff and any other participant as defined in Article 2 above.
3.3 Penalties and disciplinary measures are imposed for:
a. violations of the principles of fair play and unsportsmanlike conduct,
especially for offences against the Cadet Event and Competition Rules; and
b. endangering or impairing the reputation or the interests of the CCO.
4. PREREQUISITES FOR PENALTIES AND DISCIPLINARY MEASURES
4.1 Persons who willfully or negligently commit an infringement of these rules will
be subject to penalties or disciplinary measures.
4.2 In the case of petty violations the organization may refrain from imposing a
penalty or a disciplinary measure and may instead rebuke the offender or
issue a warning.
4.3 The organization may refrain from imposing a penalty or impose a milder
penalty if the athlete makes a sincere attempt to repair the damage that has
been caused to the sporting community or the victim.
5. PENALTIES
Penalties are reprimands, start prohibitions, time penalties and
disqualifications.
77
5.1 REPRIMANDS
A reprimand will be imposed in case of:
a. jeopardizing or defaming the honor or reputation of the CCO or its
interests;
b. insulting the CCO, its members, or guests;
c. violations of rules for which there is no penalty or for which there is not an
expressly stated more severe penalty;
d. removal of a rifle from the firing line with the bolt closed on the first
infraction (reprimand to the coach); and
e. bolt being closed while a rifle is on the rack on the first infraction
(reprimand to the coach).
5.2 START PROHIBITION
Athletes or teams will be prohibited from starting for:
a. violation of the eligibility requirements in article 1.4 of the Cadet Event andCompetition Rules;
b. not applicable;
c. appearing for start with the wrong start number, or no start number, dueto a mistake made by the athletes or the team; and
d. violating the rules regarding official training, zeroing, warm-up and/or ski
testing or safety regulations.
The prohibition applies for the competition in which the violation occurred, or
the next competition, as applicable.
5.3 THIRTY SECOND PENALTY
If an athlete competes in a pursuit and starts up to maximum of three seconds before the officially assigned start time, a thirty second penalty will be imposed.
78
5.4 ONE MINUTE PENALTY
A time penalty of one minute shall be imposed on athletes or teams for:
a. not giving way at the first request by an overtaking competitor or a team in
close formation; and
b. committing a very minor violation of the principles of fair play or the
requirements of sportsmanship.
5.5 TWO MINUTES PENALTY
A time penalty of two minutes shall be imposed on athletes or teams for:
a. every penalty loop resulting from shot-penalties not done by an athlete
immediately after each prone or standing shoot;
b. every round not fired if the athlete recommences skiing before he has fired
all five shots in an Individual, Sprint, Pursuit or Mass Start competition, all
eight shots in a Relay competition, or all twenty shots in the Patrol
competition, having not hit all targets;
c. committing a minor violation of the principles of fair play or the
requirements of sportsmanship;
d. during the Patrol competition, skiing with more than 30 metres between
the first and last members while overtaking another team, entering or exiting
the range. This penalty can be imposed on the team once for each loop of
skiing;
e. during the Patrol competition, a competitor cross fires on the other set of
targets assigned to the patrol before hitting all five targets in his lane or
before their team member has opened their bolt and lowered their rifle;
f. during a Patrol competition, every round not fired if the team commences
skiing before they have fired all twenty rounds having not hit all the assigned
targets;
g. bolt left closed on exit rack by a competitor when leaving range;
h. shooting more than five rounds in any shooting bout of an Individual,
Sprint, Pursuit or Mass Start competition, more than eight rounds in a Relay
competition, or more than twenty in a Patrol competition (first 3 bouts). The
penalty will be assessed per round fired in excess of the permitted amount;
79
i. remaining in an incorrect shooting position that gives an unfair advantage
after being warned;
j. leaving a live round or a magazine containing live rounds in a rifle at the
conclusion of a shooting bout on the first infraction; and
k. starting more than three seconds earlier than the assigned start time in
a pursuit competition.
5.6 DISQUALIFICATION
An athlete or team shall be disqualified for:
a. taking part in a competition for which they are not eligible;
b. violating Article 1.4 Cadet Event and Competition Rules "Eligibility Rules for Competitors and Teams";
c. receiving prohibited assistance as defined in these rules from a member of their team staff or non-competing athletes from their team;
d. not applicable (See 5.11 a);
e. not applicable (See 5.11 b);
f. not applicable (See 5.11 c);
g. not applicable (See 5.11 d);
h. deviating from the marked trail and gaining time (see also 5.11 f);
i. using means of propulsion other than skis, poles and their own muscular force;
j. not carrying their rifle while skiing on the range during the competition with the barrel pointing up;
k. hindering another athlete on the course or range by serious obstruction;
l. not applicable (See 5.11 f);
m. not applicable (See 5.11 e);
n. accepting assistance from any person when repairing equipment or receiving assistance other than from authorized personnel;
o. for applying any substances during a competition intended to change the glide performance of their skis;
p. not applicable (See 5.5 j);
q. not applicable (See 5.5 k);
80
5.7 NOT APPLICABLE
5.8 NOT APPLICABLE
5.9 NOT APPLICABLE
5.10 FIVE MINUTES PENALTY
A time penalty of five minutes shall be imposed on athletes or teams for:
a. Receiving prohibited assistance as defined in Article 1.8.2 of the Cadet
Event and Competition Rules from team staff or non-competing team
Athletes; and
b. During the Patrol competition, two competitors fire on the same set of
targets at the same time.
a. taking part in a competition for which they are not eligible;
b. violating Article 1.4 Cadet Event and Competition Rules "Eligibility Rules for
Competitors and Teams";
c. receiving prohibited assistance as defined in these rules from a member of
their team staff or non-competing athletes from their team;
q. failing to shoot in the correct sequence of positions;
r. using a second magazine instead of hand loading lost rounds, replacement rounds, for misfires, or spare rounds individually;
s. violating any shooting safety regulations as defined in Article 8.5 of the Cadet Event and Competition Rules; and
t. not applicable.
u. not applicable;
v. not applicable (See 5.5 m);
w. committing a serious violation of the principles of fair play or the requirements of sportsmanship; and
x. leaving a live round or a magazine containing live rounds in a rifle at the conclusion of the shooting bout on the second infraction.
81
5.11 TEN MINUTES PENALTY
A time penalty of ten minutes shall be imposed on athletes or teams for:
a. Avoiding start or finish controls;
b. Taking part in a competition with skis or rifle not properly marked;
c. Modifying equipment, rifle or clothing which has been inspected and
marked at start control, in a prohibited way;
d. Participation in a competition with a start number or start number
sequence colour which has not been assigned to them by the competition
start list either deliberately or in error;
e. Exchanging both skis during the competition;
f. Skiing the course in the improper sequence;
g. During the Patrol competition, 10 minutes will be added to the team time if
a competitor fails to fire a shooting bout; and
h. During the Patrol competition, 10 minutes will be added to the team time
for each ski loop not completed by the team.
5.12 OTHER TIME PENALTIES
a. During the Patrol competition, teams that have not completed shooting at
the 45 minute mark shall cease fire and a time adjustment of 40 seconds will
be added to the team time for each target missed; and
b. During the Patrol competition, teams still on the course at the 45 minute
mark will be permitted to ski the remainder of the loop with its time running
until the last member of the patrol enters the range.
82
5.13 COACH BAN
A coach may be banned from coaching for an event for the following reasons:
a. violating any shooting safety regulations as defined in Article 8.5 of the Cadet Event and Competition Rules;
b. removal of a rifle from the shooting line with the bolt closed on the second infraction; and
c. bolt being closed while a rifle is on the rack on the second infraction.
The coach will be banned from performing any coach duties for the remainder
of that particular competition and loses official coach status and may not
perform any coach duties relating to that competition. This ban stays in effect
until the Final Competition results are issued.
6. NOT APPLICABLE
7. NOT APPLICABLE
8. JURY OF APPEAL
8.1 Decisions of the competition jury, with the exception of a delay or postponement, may be appealed to the jury of appeal at Stages 3 and 4. Where a jury of appeal is in place, a coach can appeal a decision of a competition jury in writing within 30 minutes through the competition secretary. When a jury of appeal is not in place, a coach can appeal a decision of a competition jury in writing within 24 hours directly to the applicable RCSU OPI. At the discretion of the OPI, a fee may be required to submit an appeal and will not exceed $25.00. This amount should be specified during the initial coaches meeting. The competition secretary will pass the appeal to the Competition TD who will pass it to the Regional or National OPI.
8.2 The jury of appeal will consist of three members and is newly constituted for each event. The chair will be held by the RCSU or Natl CJCR Sp Gp OPI as applicable (or appointed representative) and two other members.
8.3 The two non-chairing members of the jury of appeal will be appointed from among:
a. the RCSU OPIs present whose regions are not involved in the appeal for Stage 4; and / or
b. the Team Captains and Coaches of the teams participating that are not members of the Competition Jury.
83
8.4 For Provincial / Regional events, the RCSU OPI is the final authority for all decisions. For National events, the Natl CJCR Sp Gp OPI is the final authority for all decisions.
9. NOT APPLICABLE
10. PROCEDURES FOR THE COMPETITION JURY
10.1 The composition of the Competition Jury is stipulated in Article 2.3 of the
Cadet Event and Competition Rules.
10.2 The Competition Jury imposes penalties and disciplinary measures based on
reports of violations by the TD(s), IR(s), competition officials, or on the basis
of observations by its members or as a consequence of protests.
10.3 Before a Competition Jury can impose a penalty, the affected competitor(s)
and their Coach must be given a hearing, if possible and feasible.
10.4 The Competition Jury shall be independent and not be restricted in the
admission or evaluation of evidence in any way.
10.5 If the competition jury does not uphold a protest submitted in accordance
with Rule 2.3.6 of the Cadet Event and Competition Rules, an appeal may be
lodged with the jury of appeal.
11. NOT APPLICABLE
12. NOT APPLICABLE
13. NOT APPLICABLE
14. NOT APPLICABLE
15. NOT APPLICABLE
84
SECTION 6 ABBREVIATIONS FOR PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES
Newfoundland and Labrador NL
Prince Edward Island PE
Nova Scotia NS
New Brunswick NB
Quebec QC
Ontario ON
Manitoba MB
Saskatchewan SK
Alberta AB
British Columbia BC
Yukon YT
Northwest Territories NT
Nunavut NU
Territories TERR
85
ANNEXES TO THE CADET EVENT AND COMPETITION RULES
LIST OF CONTENTS
ANNEX A MATERIAL CATALOGUE
ANNEX B DUTIES OF THE COMPETITION JURY, TECHNICAL DELEGATES AND
INTERNATIONAL REFEREES
ANNEX C RANGE PROCEDURES
A-1
ANNEX AMATERIAL CATALOGUE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL
1.1 Purpose A-1
1.2 Definition A-2
1.3 General Prohibitions A-3
2. NOT APPLICABLE
3. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Competition Equipment A-3
3.2 Organization Equipment A-7
4. NOT APPLICABLE
5. INSPECTION PROCEADURES
5.1 General A-8
5.2 Competition Equipment A-9
5.3 Organization Equipment A-9
5.4 Inspection Instruments, Tools and Equipment A-11
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Biathlon Rifle Diagram A-11
TABLE 2 Standard Dimensions for Metal Targets A-12
TABLE 3 Standard Dimensions for Paper Targets A-13
TABLE 4 Example of a Wind Flag A-13
A-2
1. GENERAL
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of the Cadet Material Catalogue is to regulate all aspects of
Biathlon competition related material. It is based on the authority of the
Cadet Event and Competition Rules and is part of the Rules. The Material
Catalogue provides the definitions, current specifications and requirements of
all competition related material, the approval process for new materials and
the control procedures for enforcing the material regulations. In essence, the
Material Catalogue safeguards the:
a. principle of fair and equal opportunity for all competitors;
b. safety and health of all persons associated with Biathlon competitions; and
c. nature and traditions of the sport of Biathlon.
1.2 DEFINITION
The term material is sub-divided into two major categories: Competition
Equipment and Organization Equipment.
1.2.1 Competition Equipment
Competition equipment refers to all items that a competitor wears or carries
for a competition and official or unofficial training during an event.
Competition equipment includes skis, poles, bindings, boots, rifle,
ammunition and magazines, clothing and accessory equipment such as gloves,
goggles and earmuffs and ski clips.
1.2.2 Organization Equipment
Organization equipment consists of all the other material that is required to
conduct a Biathlon competition or training during an event that is not worn or
carried by the competitor. Examples of organization equipment are targets,
timing equipment, mats, relay cups, wind flags, signage and equipment
measuring devices.
A-3
1.3 GENERAL PROHIBITIONS
As a principle, material is prohibited which:
a. affects the natural movement of feet and arms during push off action or those that enhance it (such as spring devices or other mechanisms in skis, poles, bindings or boots);
b. makes use of sources of energy not originating from the competitor such as artificial heating devices, chemical energy suppliers, electrical batteries, mechanical aids, etc.;
c. affects the external conditions for the competition to the detriment of other competitors, such as changing the track or snow conditions; and
d. increases the risk factor for injury of competitors and other persons who are authorized to be present on the competition facility, when used normally.
2. NOT APPLICABLE
3. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 COMPETITION EQUIPMENT
Application of the competition equipment rules are at the discretion of the
OPI. It is recognized that it may not always be possible to ensure that all
competitors have access to equipment that fully conform to these rules.
3.1.1 Competition Skis
Changes to these regulations will be published as required.
3.1.1.1 Ski Length
Minimum length of skis is the height of competitor minus 4 cm, maximum no
limit. This limitation will be strictly enforced at Stage 4 and will be used as a
guideline at other stages. If a competitor is so tall that the commercially
produced skis are too short for them according to this rule, the TD may
authorize an exception so that the competitor may use the longest
commercially available skis of any usual brand.
3.1.1.2 Ski Width
The ski waist measured under the binding can have a minimum width of 40
mm, maximum no limit.
A-4
3.1.1.3 Ski Tip Section
The minimum width of the ski tip area is 30 mm.
3.1.1.4 Ski Tail Section
When the un-weighted ski is placed on a flat surface, the height of the ski tail
from the surface must not exceed 3 cm.
3.1.1.5 Weight
The total weight of a pair of skis must be at least 750 grams without bindings.
There are no restrictions on the distribution of weight.
3.1.1.6 Construction
3.1.1.6.1 Type of Construction
No limitations.
3.1.1.6.2 Shaping
Both skis must have the same type of construction so that there is no
difference between the left and the right ski. There are no restrictions on the
types of lamination construction used. There are no limitations on rigidity in
any direction.
3.1.1.6.3 Gliding Surface
The entire length of the running surface can either be smooth or slightly
grooved in the longitudinal direction. Except for the guiding grooves, the
entire length and width of the running surface must be flat. Engraved or
impressed climbing aids such as scales or steps are permitted. Devices that
are activated by other than the competitor’s own muscular power are not
permitted.
3.1.1.6.4 Top Surface
No limitations.
3.1.1.6.5 Edges
The side walls may not be angled as they extend upwards so that the ski base
becomes narrower than the upper surface (wedge form not allowed).
3.1.1.7 Stress Properties
No limitations.
A-5
3.1.2 Ski Bindings
There are no restrictions on the type of material used or its make.
3.1.3 Competition Ski Boots
There are no restrictions on the type of material used or its make.
3.1.4 Competition Ski Poles
3.1.4.1 Specifications
a. The maximum length of the poles must not be longer than the competitors
body height, measured by placing the pole tip on the ski in front of the
binding;
b. The pole must have a fixed length. The shaft must not be telescoping or
variable length;
c. The pole must not have any energy source to improve push such as springs
or other mechanical devices;
d. There is no upper or lower weight limit for poles;
e. The poles may be asymmetrical. There can be a distinct right and left hand
pole;
f. The pole must not cause changes of the competition conditions such as
changes of track or snow conditions;
g. The hand grip must be permanently fastened to the shaft. There are no
restrictions concerning its shape, construction or material;
h. The strap must be connected to the handgrip or the shaft but may be
detachable. It can be adjustable both in length and width. There are no
restrictions on materials;
i. There are no limitations on the shape or material of the shaft or on the
mass distribution;
j. Exchangeable baskets with different geometric features and materials to
match different snow characteristics are allowed; and
k. The tip may be connected at any angle to the shaft. One or more tips are
allowed. There are no restrictions on materials.
A-6
3.1.5 Clothing
The following regulations apply to competitors’ apparel:
a. Appropriate racing suits may be worn at Stages 1 to 3. Appropriate
provincial/regional racing suits shall be worn at Stage 4;
b. Padding is only allowed on the inside of the racing suit. The total thickness
of the padding, cloth and lining of the competition garment may not exceed 6
mm when measured in an un-pressed state, except on the back of the suit. On
the back, there is no restriction about padding;
c. On the outside of the sports clothing, no adhesive material such as velcro or
tape, wax, resin, glue or any additional stitching (with the exception of the
stitching to fasten the padding) may be used. However, non-slip material may
be used; and
d. A special device for preventing the shooting sling from slipping down is
allowed on the sleeve of the upper arm.
3.1.6 Rifles
Only rifles authorized by DND are permitted. A blinder on the Rifle’s rear sight
may be used.
3.1.7 Ammunition
Only ammunition issued by DND is permitted.
3.1.8 Rifle Bags
When used, rifle bags must provide a window of minimum 15 x 15 cm that allows a clear view of the rifle bolt.
3.1.9 Patrol Race Equipment
3.1.9.1 Personal Equipment
a. Each competitor must carry a small pack (provided by competition
organizers) at all times on the course; and
b. Each competitor will wear their start number (bib) and also attach a second
start number to their pack so that their start number will be visible at all
times when skiing or shooting.
A-7
3.1.9.2 Team Equipment
a. the patrol equipment will be composed of one (1) blanket per competitor;
b. the distribution and carrying of patrol equipment is left to the discretion of
the team members; and
c. any other items that may be required by the Patrol (i.e. tools, tape, etc.)must be carried by the Patrol or placed on the shooting mat prior to the
commencement of the race. It is prohibited to receive any items from another
person after the commencement of the race per rule 1.4.8.1.3 (c).
3.2 ORGANIZATION EQUIPMENT
3.2.1 Target Systems
3.2.1.1 Uses of Targets
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
– 3.2.1.16
3.2.2
3.2.3
The number and types of targets authorized for use in various competitions
are detailed in the Cadet Event and Competition Rules. Targets must be
situated, set up, numbered and maintained as detailed in the Cadet Event and
Competition Rules.
Types of Targets
There are two main types of targets used for Biathlon training and
competitions - metal and paper.
Not applicable
Wind flags
The wind flags for the shooting range must be of a highly visible colour, 10 x
40 cm in size and must be made from thin artificial or natural silk. Flags may
not weigh more than 5 grams. Their construction must allow for easy 360
degree rotation, pivoting at a right angle to the flag post.
Start Numbers
A-8
3.2.3.1 Sizes
Start numbers must be of the following dimensions:
a. front and Back numbers (required) may be either outline or block figures. Height must be at least 10 cm and the width (of each line of each figure) must be at least 1.5 cm for outline figures and 2 cm for block figures;
b. side Numbers (optional) on the start number must be at least 6 cm in height and 1.2 cm in width. The bottom edge of the figures on the side must be spaced 8.5 cm from the bottom edge of the start number; and
c. leg Numbers (optional) must be 12 cm high and 2 cm wide.
3.2.3.2 Fabric / Materials
Pullover (vests) start numbers must be made of a smooth fabric, 100%
polyester interlock or 100% polyester warp knitting. The start numbers must
be tailored to the needs of the competitors and must not impede the
movement of their shoulder joints.
3.2.4 Timing Equipment
At all CCO events, computer-supported timing equipment may be used.
3.2.5 Relay Bowls
A relay bowl is a container on a stand for rounds placed on the ground. The
containers must have rounded bottoms and must facilitate the easy picking-
up of the rounds.
4. NOT APPLICABLE
5. INSPECTION PROCEDURES
5.1 GENERAL
Competition and host venue equipment must undergo inspection to ensure
that all materials are in compliance with CCO regulations.
A-9
5.2 COMPETITION EQUIPMENT
The inspections that competition equipment must undergo are detailed in this
rule book. Inspections will be conducted primarily by the organizing staff
appointed for that purpose or the applicable chief. Competition juries and
TD’s are responsible for the effective and correct implementation and
enforcement of materials inspections.
5.3 ORGANIZATION EQUIPMENT
TD’s and applicable chiefs are responsible for ensuring that host venue
equipment used within their area of responsibility is functional and conforms
to all CCO regulations.
5.3.1 Specific Checks
5.3.1.1 Targets
a. placement and levels;
b. functioning, paint and maintenance;
c. deformation of face and target plates;
d. condition of moving parts;
e. position of wires and cables;
f. diameter measurement of target apertures;
g. centering of prone apertures;
h. strike test of target release impulse;
i. routing of reset ropes in mechanical systems; and
j. backup system for those systems that require electrical power.
A-10
5.3.1.2 Timing System
a. principle of operation;
b. functioning and maintenance;
c. back-up and outage reserve system(s);
d. power sources;
e. placement of sensors;
f. computer capabilities including speed of printed results; and
g. interface with electronic target systems (if used).
5.3.1.3 Computers for Start Number Draws
a. functioning and maintenance;
b. printers;
c. display device or projector;
d. software program – validity, possibility of manipulation;
e. backup and spares;
f. total system interfaces and placement; and
g. speed of producing start list.
5.3.1.4 Other Organizational Equipment
a. wind flags – placement operations and specification;
b. relay cups – placement and specification;
c. shooting Mats – placement and specification;
d. rifle racks – construction, placement and markings;
e. lane markers - placement, colour and no interference with shooting; and
f. numbering and Signage - placement, size and colours.
A-11
5.4 INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS
The following is a list of devices required for equipment / material inspections
and other checks that should be available to the responsible officials:
a. measuring Tapes (50 or 100 m) - for various measurements (i.e. range
and penalty loop);
b. water / bubble Levels - for checking the level of targets;
c. not applicable;
d. strike tester - for target plates;
e. centering template – for prone target apertures;
f. weight scale – for weighing rifles and skis;
g. not applicable;
h. calipers – for measuring the dimensions of skis;
i. trigger weights – for measuring trigger resistance; and
j. stickers – for applying inspection markings.
A-12
A-13
B-1
ANNEX B DUTIES OF THE COMPETITION JURY,
TECHNICAL DELEGATES AND INTERNATIONAL REFEREES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. COMPETITION JURY
1.1 General B-2
1.2 Substitute Chairman B-2
1.3 Competition Jury Meetings B-2
1.4 Tasks of the Competition Jury B-3
2. TECHNICAL DELEGATES
2.1 General B-4
2.2 Principles of the TD Function B-5
2.3 Contact with Organizers and Site Visits B-5
2.4 TD Tasks at Events B-7
3. INTERNATIONAL REFEREES
3.1 General B-9
3.2 IR Tasks at Events B-10
3.3 IR Authority, Responsibilities and Organizational Relationships B-11
B-2
1. COMPETITION JURY
1.1 GENERAL
The powers, election, composition and various procedures of Competition
Jury operations are detailed in the Cadet Event and Competition Rules. This
Annex provides additional procedural direction and the specific tasks of the
Competition Jury.
1.2 SUBSTITUTE CHAIRMAN
If the Competition Jury Chairman is absent, the remaining Jury members shall
appoint a replacement from among themselves to chair the meeting.
1.3 COMPETITION JURY MEETINGS
The Competition Jury will meet when so directed by the Competition Jury
Chairman. Meetings will normally be held as follows:
a. immediately after the team captains meeting where it was elected;
b. approximately one hour before the start of the competition;
c. at any time during the competition when directed by the Competition Jury Chairman;
d. immediately before the last finish in the competition, or as soon as possible after the last shooting; and / or
e. at any other time when a meeting is called by the Competition Jury Chairman.
B-3
1.4 TASKS OF THE COMPETITION JURY
The Competition Jury has the following tasks:
1.4.1 Prior to the Competition
a. to check if the competition facilities comply with the rules;
b. to check the eligibility of all competitors registered for the event;
c. to supervise the draw;
d. to determine if a competition has to be postponed or annulled due to
serious difficulties (such as extreme weather conditions, cold, high winds,
etc.);
e. to restrict or prohibit training on the competition facility due to
circumstances such as very wet snow conditions or very little snow, which
could jeopardize the conduct of the competitions;
f. to decide if, and under which conditions, a late entry may be accepted;
g. to decide if a competitor properly entered for participation may be
replaced by a substitute in the case of force majeure; and
h. to decide on protests concerning eligibility of competitors.
1.4.2 During the Competition
a. to ensure that the competition is conducted according to the Cadet Event
and Competition Rules;
b. to direct the necessary measures if difficulties occur such as heavy fog or a
storm which seriously endanger the correct and fair conduct of the
competition: an extreme option may be to stop the competition; and
c. to decide on the admission of competitors who arrive late at the start due
to force majeure.
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1.4.3 After the Competition
a. to oversee the critical process, which begins immediately after the last finish, for the authorization of the unofficial awards ceremony and the posting of Provisional Results;
b. to decide on protests;
c. to impose or reject the penalties on violations reported by the TDs, IRs, Competition Jury members and officials of the Organizing Committee;
d. to determine necessary time adjustments;
e. to annul the competition, if necessary; and
f. to order the repeat of a competition, if justified and possible.
1.4.4 Before, During and After the Competition
The Competition Jury must be prepared at all times to decide on all matters
which are not covered in the Rules or other regulations.
2. TECHNICAL DELEGATES
2.1 GENERAL
Regulations for the selection, appointment and general duties of TDs are
given in the Cadet Event and Competition Rules. This Annex provides more
specific guidance for the performance of TD duties. TDs appointed for Cadet
events must consult both this Annex and the Cadet Event and Competition
Rules.
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2.2 PRINCIPLES OF THE TD FUNCTION
The TD at a Cadet event has three primary functions:
a. to represent the CCO in a technical capacity;
b. to ensure that the event and its competitions are conducted in accordance with the Cadet Event and Competition Rules and with other pertinent Cadet regulations; and
c. to act as a consultant and advisor to the organizer to ensure that the best possible competitions are held. As well, the TD is always the Competition Jury Chairman, an extremely critical position. Additionally, the TD functions is the leader of the technical group of IRs (if applicable). The TD must conduct his duties with dignity, competence, alertness and objectivity. He must treat competitors, team staffs, organizers and IRs with respect and must demand to be treated correctly, as the technical representative of the CCO, by all persons involved with the event. The TD must stop all attempts by anyone to interfere with his work or to usurp his authority and mandate. In serious cases of interference, the TD must report the circumstances to the OPI. Organizers, teams and IRs must follow the CCO regulations based on directions given by the TD in the preparation and conduct of the event.
2.3 CONTACT WITH ORGANIZERS AND SITE VISITS
2.3.1 Establishment of Contact
Normally the organizers will contact the TD shortly after being advised of the
appointment. If this does not happen, the TD must contact the organizer.
2.3.1.1 Continuing Contact and Problem Solution
After initial contact is established, the TD and organizer may communicate as
necessary.
2.3.2 Inspections and Site Visits
A TD should inspect the site of the event for which he has been appointed in
time to direct necessary changes in the facility or plans, and to give timely
assistance to the organizer.
2.3.2.1 NOT APPLICABLE
2.3.2.2 NOT APPLICABLE
2.3.2.3 NOT APPLICABLE
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2.3.3 Areas to be Inspected
During the inspection the following must be confirmed:
a. the competition facilities are in accordance with the Cadet Event and Competition Rules;
b. all preparations for the event are in accordance with the Cadet Event and Competition Rules;
c. the structure of the Organizing Committee is appropriate and officials appointed for the event are properly trained and prepared;
d. accommodation and food arrangements for teams meet the requirements;
e. transport plans are functional and distances are within requirements;
f. transport regulations for rifles and ammunition are clear, and what
storage arrangements have been made for rifles and ammunition; and
g. all required safety precautions have been implemented.
2.3.4 Inspection Reports
TDs must make a written report of inspections to the OPI immediately
following the inspection. The reports should in particular address unresolved
problems and unsatisfactory situations but must also include the information
in the following format:
a. title name of event, location, date(s) of inspection;
b. inspection Party: names and appointments of persons who participated in the inspection;
c. inspecting Format: meetings, facility inspections;
d. site and Facility Description: general location and character of the site, facility description trails, stadium, range, etc.;
e. organizing Committee: general structure, numbers of officials, state of training and qualifications;
f. hosting Arrangements: accommodation, meals, transport, ceremonies, social events, media, costs;
g. problem Areas; and
h. conclusion overall summary.
2.3.4.1 NOT APPLICABLE
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2.4 TD TASKS AT EVENTS
2.4.1
TDs must perform the following tasks at events:
Tasks Prior to Events
TDs must arrive in due time to check, before the start of the Official Training,
whether the competition facilities meet all requirements for training and
competition and where changes are required. The TD must make immediate
contact with the Organizing Committee to ensure that:
a. team captains meetings and draws are prepared;
b. arrangements for the assembly of the Juries are made;
c. the entries of the participating units were received in time; and
d. correct reception plans for the teams are ready.
2.4.2 Tasks During Events
2.4.2.1 General
The TD must work closely with the Competition Chief during the event and
each competition, ensuring that all operations are conducted correctly,
without incidents and in accordance with the Cadet Event and Competition
Rules and other pertinent CCO regulations.
2.4.2.2 Meetings
The TD must take part in all the meetings of the OC, the team captains and
the Competition Juries, as well as the draw.
2.4.2.3 Not Applicable
2.4.2.4 Not Applicable
2.4.3 Tasks Prior to Competitions
2.4.3.1 Not applicable
2.4.3.2 Information Channels
The TD must hold a meeting with the IRs to brief the IRs on the plans for the competition and the radio and telecommunications available during the competition, and to assign duties. This meeting can be combined with the meeting that is held by the Competition Chief with the chiefs prior to each competition.
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2.4.3.3
2.4.3.4
2.4.3.5
2.4.4
2.4.4.1
2.4.4.2
2.4.5
2.4.5.1
2.4.5.2
2.4.5.3
2.4.5.4
Inspections
The TD must make a general inspection of the venue.
Reports
Obtain reports of preparedness from the IRs and the Competition Chief.
Competition Jury Meeting
Hold a meeting of the Competition Jury one hour before the first start to
determine if conditions are suitable for the competition. The TD must obtain
reports from the IRs about their areas and from the Competition Chief prior to
this meeting.
Tasks During Competitions
General
Oversee and coordinate the work of the Competition Chief and the IRs,
receive reports on the progress of the competition and take remedial actions
as necessary.
Competition Jury Meetings
Hold meetings of the Competition Jury as required.
Tasks After Competitions
Last Finish
With the Competition Chief, the TD shall direct and coordinate the critical
phase that starts immediately after the last finish.
Provisional Results
Confirm the correctness of the Provisional Results, sign the result lists and
authorize their posting and record the time of posting on the results.
Flower Ceremony
The organizer in consultation with the TD may authorize the conduct of the
unofficial awards ceremony at Stages 3 and 4 when they are satisfied that the
first necessary placings have been confirmed. It must be noted that the
results may subsequently be contested and that the unofficial ceremony will
be held at the organizer’s own risk.
Event Points
The TD must ensure that the organizer calculates applicable event points
correctly.
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2.4.5.5 Evaluation
The TD must hold a competition evaluation meeting with the Competition
Chief, section Chiefs and the IRs (if applicable).
2.4.6 Tasks After the Event
2.4.6.1 Not applicable
2.4.6.2 Event Evaluation
The TD must hold a meeting for all chief OC staff and IRs to evaluate the
entire event.
2.4.6.3 Written Report
The TD must compile a written report about the event and send it to the OPI
and the chairperson of the organizing committee not later than one month
after the event.
2.4.6.4 Not applicable
3. INTERNATIONAL REFEREES
3.1 GENERAL
The general regulations for the selection, appointment and the work of IRs
are provided in the Cadet Event and Competition Rules. This annex
supplements the general regulations by detailing specific duties of IRs. IRs are
not always employed at Cadet Competitions.
3.1.1 Principles of the IR Function
IRs, like TDs, have the responsibility of being the technical representatives of
the CCO at an event, in their area of responsibility and under the direction of
the TD. Within their area of responsibility, all of the principles that apply to
the TD function shall apply to IRs, except being in the Competition Jury.
3.1.2 Notification of Appointment and Preparation
Shortly after being appointed for an event, the IR will be notified of the
appointment by the CCO. The IR is not required to establish formal contact
with the organizer except for travel and accommodation arrangements. Once
notified of the appointment, the IR must prepare so that he is fully conversant
with the current Cadet rules and regulations for his area of responsibility.
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3.2 IR TASKS AT EVENTS
IRs have the following tasks for an event:
3.2.1 Tasks Prior to Events
IRs must arrive at the event site in time to prepare prior to the first Official
Training: the Material Control IR must arrive in time for the preliminary
examination of equipment. On arrival they must report to the TD to announce
their presence and to receive briefings and directions. Also they must contact
the chiefs from the Organizing Committee for their areas of responsibility and
review arrangements, and inspect their areas. If there are problems, they
must be reported to the TD.
3.2.2 Tasks Prior to Competitions
In preparation for each competition, the IRs must:
a. attend all team captains meetings, any other meetings as directed by the TD and meetings held by the chiefs of their areas;
b. carry out a detailed inspection of their areas and check all plans (checklist) to ensure they are in accordance with the Rules, and direct corrections to be made as necessary;
c. remain in their areas to oversee preparations and activities;
d. report to the TD when their areas are ready for the competition; and
e. carry out other tasks as directed by the TD.
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3.2.3 Tasks During Competitions
During each competition the IRs must:
a. remain in their areas to supervise all activities to ensure the correct and orderly conduct of the part of the competition which is their responsibility;
b. intervene to stop an error from being made;
c. assist and advise the organizing officials if required;
d. ensure all safety precautions are being carried out;
e. report to the TD when significant activities occur such as first start, last start, first firer on the range, last firer on the range, first finish, etc., and if any unusual incident occurs such as an injury, etc.;
f. observe violations of the Rules and report them to the TD; and
g. carry out any other tasks as directed by the TD.
3.2.4 Tasks After Competitions
At the end of each competition IRs must:
a. report to the TD that all is clear for their area or report the problems which have occurred and have not been previously reported: these reports must he made immediately when it is possible in order to assist the speedy posting of Provisional Results and the conduct of the unofficial awards ceremony;
b. report to the Competition Jury about the circumstances of penalties, when so directed; and
c. hold a short evaluation meeting about the competition for the chief and supervisors of the area.
3.3 IR AUTHORITY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
3.3.1 Authority
IRs are responsible and subordinate to the TD for the appropriate
preparations and the correct and orderly conduct of competitions in their
areas of responsibility. IRs are not in charge of the conduct of activities in
their areas, but are responsible to ensure that all operations are correct. They
must maintain close contact with the chiefs of their areas during the entire
event in order to accomplish their mission.
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3.3.2 Specific Areas of Responsibility
The specific areas of responsibility for IRs within their general areas are:
a. IR Course: all course matters including configurations of loops, technical specifications, grooming, signage and fencing, control and control points, access control, TV zones layout and enforcement, forerunners, communications, safety and first aid arrangements;
b. IR Range: all range matters including layout and configurations, specifications, targets and their operation, penalty loop, coaches enclosure, signage and numbering, lane markings, wind flags, rifle racks, relay cups, grooming, scoring, control procedures, communications, and safety; and
c. IR Start/Finish: all start/finish area matters and timing systems including layout, configurations, specifications, relay hand-over zone, start clock and course sequence board, photo-finish camera for Pursuit, Mass Start and Relay competitions, acting as the photo-finish judge, and finish video camera for all competitions, warm-up area, arrangements for competitors' clothing, grooming, signage and fencing, traffic flow and control, start and finish procedures, communications, timing procedures and equipment, and safety; and
d. IR Material Control: all material control matters including timings, control equipment, preliminary examination of equipment, start and finish control layouts (in consultation with IR Start/Finish), control procedures, traffic flow and control, communications, and safety.
3.3.3 Organizational Relationships
The primary relationships for IRs with the Organizing Committee (direct
liaison) are as follows:
a. IR Course - Chief of Course;
b. IR Range - Chief of Range;
c. IR Start/Finish - Chief of Timing (may be a different appointment for some
organizers); and
d. IR Material Control - Chief of Timing and/or Material Control Supervisor.
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ANNEX CRANGE PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. JUNIOR BOYS AND JUNIOR GIRLS
1.1 PROCEDURES C-2
1.2 PENALTY C-2
1.3 COACHES’ RESPONSIBILITIES C-2
1.4 SAFETY CHECK C-2
2. SENIOR BOYS, SENIOR GIRLS, YOUTH MEN AND YOUTH WOMEN
2.1 RACK TO RACK CARRY PROCEDURES C-3
2.2 ALTERNATE PROCEDURE C-4
2.3 PENALTIES C-5
2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES C-5
2.5 RIFLE RACKS C-6
2.6 RIFLE IDENTIFICATION MARKING C-6
2.7 ACTION WHEN RIFLES NOT IN PLACE C-6
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1. JUNIOR BOYS AND JUNIOR GIRLS
As Junior Boys and Junior Girls do not carry rifles and as they shoot only in the prone position, the following special rules shall apply to them.
1.1 PROCEDURES
The rifles for Junior Boys and Junior Girls shall be pre-positioned on the firing point mats by their coaches, with the barrel pointing toward the targets and in such a way that the rifle can be picked up safely by the competitor. In order to ensure competitors go to the appropriate lane, coaches may indicate which lane a competitor should proceed to by gesture. The competitor shall carry out the entire loading and firing procedure without assistance. After firing the last shot of each bout the competitor must open the action and place the rifle on the firing point mat, with the barrel pointing toward the targets, and then exit the firing point and the range in the normal manner.
1.2 PENALTY
If the rifle is left with the action not opened, each violation shall result in a two minutes penalty awarded by the competition jury to the competitor in question.
1.3 COACHES’ RESPONSIBILITIES
The coaches are totally responsible for pre-positioning the rifles, moving them to another firing point or away from the range, and for the provision of ammunition to their competitors. No time adjustment will be awarded for a delay caused by any action that is the coaches’ mistake. In addition, the coaches are responsible for ensuring that a rifle placed on a mat does not impede or otherwise disrupt or interfere with other competitors.
1.4 SAFETY CHECK
The competitor’s coach is responsible for performing the safety check on the rifle before it is moved to another location – by confirming that there is no inserted magazine, that the action has been opened, and that there is no round in the chamber.
2. SENIOR BOYS, SENIOR GIRLS, YOUTH MEN AND YOUTH WOMEN
As Senior Boys, Senior Girls, Youth Men and Youth Women do not carry rifles on the trails during a competition but are required to shoot in both the standing and prone positions, the following procedures shall be used for all shooting bouts.
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2.1 RACK TO RACK CARRY PROCEDURES
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
NOTE: THIS PROCEDURE IS IDENTICAL TO BIATHLON CANADA’S PROCEDURE AND SHALL BE FOLLOWED IN STAGE 4 AND MAY BE UTILIZED IN STAGES 2 AND 3 FOR SKI AND SHOOT EVENTS. THE ALTERNATE PROCEDURE DESCRIBED IN 2.2 SHALL TO BE FOLLOWED UNTIL THIS PROCEADURE CAN BE IMPLIMENTED.
Prior to the start of the competition, all Senior Boy’s and Girl’s and Youth Men and Women’s rifles, with the bolts open unless otherwise authorized, will be placed in racks located on the left or right side of the trail, as decided by the TD based on circumstances, in the vicinity of the 10 m line at the entrance to the range.
Competitors must come to a complete stop on the mats located in front of these racks and place their poles on the ground between their feet or hold them between their knees before they start to pick up their rifles. They must close the bolts and then place their rifles in the correct carrying position on their backs. Competitors may not lean their poles against the rifle racks at any time due to the potential of this interfering with other competitors.
When assigned lanes are used, coaches may indicate which lane a competitor should proceed to by gesture. Competitors will then ski to their firing points and carry out normal range procedures, as defined in these rules, for removal and replacement of the rifle for shooting, and for leaving the firing point.
After completing a bout of shooting, competitors will proceed to the rifle racks located on the left or right side of the trail in the vicinity of the 10 m line at the exit of the range and must come to a complete stop on the mats located in front of these racks and place their poles on the ground between their feet or hold them between their knees. They will then remove the rifle from their backs, open the bolt, and place the rifle on the rack. Once the rifle has been safely and securely placed on the rack the competitor may continue with the competition. Competitors may not lean their poles against the rifle racks at any time due to the potential of this interfering with other competitors.
In the case of inclimate weather, the TD, or in his/her absence the Chief of Competition or the Chief of Range, may authorize that a designated official close the bolt of the rifles that have been placed in the exit rack to prevent the buildup of snow or ice, but only after inspecting the rifle to verify that the bolt was open, no rounds or empty casings were in the chamber, and that no rounds are present in any magazine inserted into the action of the rifle. This will permit the rifles to be carried and to be left in the entry rifle rack with closed bolts to prevent the ingress of snow and ice when the conditions are adverse.
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2.1.6 Competitors must not be interfered with when retrieving rifles or when placing rifles into the racks.
2.1.7 At the end of the competition each Competitor must collect his/her rifle, prove it to be safe, and proceed to the designated Material Inspection location so that any required inspection can be completed. Completion of this obligation and any ensuing inspection marks the end of the competition for the non-carrying Competitor.
2.2 ALTERNATE PROCEADURE
THIS PROCEDURE SHALL BE UTILIZED IN STAGES 2 AND 3 FOR SKI AND SHOOT EVENTS WHERE THE RACK TO RACK CARRY IS NOT POSSIBLE SO AS TO ALLOW SENIOR AND YOUTH COMPETITIORS TO SHOOT IN BOTH THE STANDING AND PRONE POSITIONS. IT IS TO BE GRADUALLY PHASED OUT IN FAVOUR OF THE RACK TO RACK PROCEDURE.
2.2.1 Prior to the start of the competition, all Senior Boy’s, Senior Girl’s, Youth Men’s and Youth Women’s rifles will be placed in racks located near their assigned lane.
2.2.2 For each shooting bout, the coach will provide the competitor with a full magazine along with the rifle. Magazines may be provided on the rifle’s magazine rail (if equipped) for either standing or prone shooting, placed on the mat for prone shooting or handed to the athlete for standing shooting. When assigned lanes are used, coaches may indicate which lane a competitor should proceed to by gesture as they approach.
2.2.3
PRONE SHOOTING
Rifles shall be pre-positioned on the firing point mats by the coaches with the barrel pointing toward the targets and in such a way that the rifle can be picked up safely by the competitor. Competitors shall ski to their assigned lane, and adopt the prone position and carry out the entire loading and firing procedure without assistance. After firing the last shot of each bout the competitor must open the action and place the rifle on the firing point mat, with the barrel pointing toward the targets, and then exit the firing point and the range in the normal manner.
2.2.4 STANDING SHOOTING
2.2.4.1
Competitors will ski to their assigned lane, position themselves on the mat and lay their poles on the ground. At the same time, the coach will proceed to meet the competitor being sure to yield the right of way to other competitors at all times. The coach will enter the athlete's box and pass the rifle to the competitor muzzle up after the athlete is ready to accept the rifle. The coach may not enter either adjacent box.
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2.2.4.2
Once the rifle is handed off, the coach should return to the coach's box being sure to yield the right of way to other competitors. Should there be a safety concern, the coach may stay beside the competitor if the coach feels the competitor may not be in control of the rifle. The competitor shall carry out the entire loading and firing procedure without assistance. If there is a misfire, the procedure for loading additional round(s) will be the same as is used for the prone position. After firing the last shot of each bout the competitor must perform a safety check, leave the action open and wait for his / her coach. The coach will pay attention to the competitor and once the last round has been fired, the coach will proceed to and enter the athlete's box and accept the competitor’s rifle muzzle up once the competitor is ready being sure to yield the right of way to other competitors at all times. The coach may not enter either adjacent box.
2.2.4.3
A competitor may not move until the coach has taken control of the rifle. Once the competitor has handed the rifle to the coach, the competitor will recover his / her poles and exit the range. The coach will stay out of the competitor's way and then proceed back to the coach's box being sure to yield the right of way to other competitors at all times.
2.2.4.4
At the end of the competition each competitor must collect his/her rifle, prove it to be safe, and proceed to the designated material inspection location so that any required inspection can be completed. The completion of this obligation and any ensuing inspection marks the end of the competition for the non-carrying competitor.
2.3 PENALTIES
2.3.1
Any violation during the above procedures will lead to a 2-minute penalty imposed by the Competition Jury.
2.3.2 The Competition Jury shall handle other issues arising from the procedures
according to the principles set out in these rules and to common sense.
2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES
2.4.1 The organizer is responsible for providing a sufficient number of rifle racks. Racks are located outside the zone of silence on a level area and should be placed so that the rifles on the racks are accessible on both sides. The mats are to be placed under the rack and extend to both sides by a minimum of 50cm.
2.4.2 The organizer must provide a minimum of eight (8) officials / volunteers for the Sprint and Relays and 14 (fourteen) officials / volunteers for Individual and Pursuit to shuttle the rifles back to the rifle racks located at the entrance of the range so that they are ready for the competitors’ next shooting bout.
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2.4.3 The Organizer must have one official at both the entrance and exit racks to supervise the removal and recovery of rifles by the competitors.
2.4.4 If coaches wish to perform the transfer of rifles from the exit to the entrance rack, this is permitted but the coach must inform the organizer prior to the start of the competition.
2.4.5 Each competitor or his or her coach is responsible for placing the rifle in the range entrance racks prior to the competition.
2.5 RIFLE RACKS
2.5.1
An adequate number of rifle racks must be located on the shooting range to allow each competitor a place for his or her rifle. The racks must be made of wood and must facilitate easy deposit and removal of rifles by the competitors, and must prevent accidental falling down of the rifles. The distance between the notches to accept the rifles must be at least 35 cm.
2.5.2 The organizer must number the range entry rifle rack(s) with the start numbers of the competitors. The numbers must be easily visible and placed on or near the notches to indicate clearly where the rifles must be placed. The label size should be approximately 5 cm2 and the number mark done with a permanent marking pen that doesn’t run in the rain or snow. Rifle racks shall be numbered in such a way that the rifles of competitors with nearly sequential start numbers are physically separated to minimize the possibility of two competitors having to access the same part of the rifle rack at the same time.
2.6 RIFLE IDENTIFICATION MARKING
Rifles placed in the racks must be marked, on the top part of the forestock,
with the Start Number of the Competitor so that the number is clearly visible
while the rifle is in the rack. This rifle numbering normally takes place as part
of the equipment/material inspection before each competition.
2.7 ACTION WHEN RIFLES NOT IN PLACE
If a rifle is not in place in the rack for a competitor to retrieve upon arrival at
the entrance to the range, an official with a stopwatch will record the time for
the delay and the Competition Jury will make a decision about a time
adjustment based on the circumstances.