A business of
Overview of SAP BW
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1. Agenda
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Contents
SAP BW Overview and Concepts Introducing the Administrator Workbench Data Modeling and Loading Data Extraction (OLTP and Remote Systems) The ODS and Business Content Production Support BEX Reporting
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Data Warehousing and the SAP BW Overview and Concepts
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SAP Business Information Warehouse
• Data Warehouse system with optimized structures for reporting and analysis
• OLAP engine and tools for BEX Reporting
• Integrated meta data repository
• Data extraction and data staging in OLTP
• Preconfigured support for data sources from R/3 Systems
• BAPIs for data sources from non-SAP systems
• Automated Data Warehouse management
• Administrator Workbench for controlling and managing content
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Business Information Warehouse Architecture
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Business Content
Financial Accounting
General LedgerGeneral Ledger
Accnts ReceivableAccnts Receivable
Accnts PayableAccnts Payable
Special LedgerSpecial Ledger
Profitability AnalysisProfitability Analysis
Product CostingProduct Costing
Overhead CostingOverhead Costing
Profit Center AccntProfit Center Accnt
ControllingSales
Sales
PurchasingPurchasing
Inventory ManagementInventory Management
ProductionProduction
Project ManagementProject Management
Logistics
Time ManagementTime Management
Training & EventsTraining & Events
Human Resources
Payroll AccountingPayroll Accounting
Fixed AssetsFixed Assets
AdministrationAdministration
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Close the Loop
- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
TransactionProcessingTransactionProcessing
OLTP
TransformationTransformation
DSSExternal
ExtractionExtraction
ActionAction
AnalysisAnalysis
AnalyticalApplicationsAnalyticalApplications
CommonCommon
Meta DataMeta Data
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Architecture Overview
R/3 OLTP ApplicationsR/3 OLTP Applications
OLTP Reporting
OLTP Reporting
Production DataExtractor
Production DataExtractor
Business InformationWarehouse Server
BAPIBAPI
Business Explorer
Analyzer(hosted by MS Excel)
Analyzer(hosted by MS Excel) BrowserBrowser
Non R/3 Production Data Extractor
Non R/3 Production Data Extractor
Non R/3 OLTP ApplicationsNon R/3 OLTP Applications
3rd party OLAP client3rd party OLAP client
Data ManagerData ManagerInfoCubesInfoCubes
OperationalData Store
OperationalData Store
3rd party OLAP client3rd party OLAP client3rd party OLAP clients3rd party OLAP clients
Meta Data ManagerMeta Data Manager
Staging EngineStaging Engine
Administrator Workbench
AdministrationAdministration
SchedulingScheduling
MonitorMonitor
OLAP ProcessorOLAP Processor
Meta DataRepositoryMeta DataRepository
InfoCatalogInfoCatalog
OLE-DB for OLAP ProviderOLE-DB for OLAP Provider
MDXMDX
Data ManagerData Manager
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Update Rules
R/3 OLTP System
Staging Process
BusinessInformationWarehouse
Server
InfoCube
Update Rules
SourceSystems
Data extractSales EuropeData extract
Sales Europe
R/3 standard extractor
R/3 standard extractor
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
Non R/3 OLTP System
Data extractSales Americas
Data extractSales Americas
3rd partyextraction tool
3rd partyextraction tool
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
Communication StructureCommunication Structure
Mapping & Transformation Rules
Update Rules
Research Institute
InfoCube
MarketInformation
MarketInformation
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
Communication StructureCommunication Structure
Mapping & Transformation RulesInfo Sources
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Transfer Rules
Update Rules
InfoCubes
Communication structureCommunication structure
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
Extract Source StructureExtract Source Structure
Business InformationWarehouse Server
Staging Engine
OLTP System 1 OLTP System 2
Extract Source StructureExtract Source Structure
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
Transfer StructureTransfer StructureTransfer StructureTransfer Structure
Extract Source StructureExtract Source Structure
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
DataSource
Transfer StructureTransfer Structure
InfoSource
Transfer RulesTransfer Rules
(Replicated)
DataSource and InfoSource
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Extraction, Transformation and Loading
…to get a complete view of your business
Open for any source Flexible set of ETL capabilities Integration on application level Open to third-party tools Support of open standards
JDBC XLMA ODBO
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Non-SAP Data Sources
Business Information Warehouse ServerAdministrator Workbench
Staging EngineStaging EngineMeta DataRepositoryMeta DataRepository
DataBaseDataBase
FileR/3
Non SAP
MainframeMainframe RDBMSRDBMS
Complementary ExtractionComplementary Extraction & Transformation Tool& Transformation Tool
Complementary ExtractionComplementary Extraction & Transformation Tool& Transformation Tool
BAPIBAPI
Staging BAPIs allow ... ... certified SAP Partners to provide
ready-to-run extraction & transformation tools ... customers to integrate their non-SAP data
14OLTP System
Persistent Staging Area
Business Information Warehouse Server
InfoCube
InfoSourceInfoSource InfoSourceInfoSource
PSA
Data extractData extract Data extractData extract
Update Rules
Validation
BAPIBAPI
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Administrator Workbench
Central Administration and Control
Modeling Reporting Agent Business Content Monitoring Metadata Repository
Central Administration and Control
Modeling Reporting Agent Business Content Monitoring Metadata Repository
Vienna.conf.032499
OLAP Processor
Arbitrary drill-downs, horizontally, vertically, hierarchically Built-in functions for ...
... Aggregation: sum, count, count distinct, min / max,first / last, average by period, ...
... Comparison: difference, ratio, percent,...
... Analysis: sort, cumulated sum, time series,...
... Stock value handling
... Financial: currencies, fiscal year variants,... Derived key figures
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More OLAP Goodies ...
Hierarchies for interactive drill-down Tree-like structures on a characteristic’s domain Structure defined in external hierarchy table (similar to
master data) no realignment problem! Flexible versioning on hierarchies
Variables Determine set of data for a query at run-time
which complex filters, which hierarchies? Values for variables are calculated by the system or
entered by the user Values for variables can be used as input for formulae
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Currency Conversion
Convert during data load and/or during analysis
Based on R/3 conversion rates Conversion per
fiscal year / fiscal period calendar date / period conversion rate type
Mixed currencies withincolumns or rows
multi currency aggregates can be resolved by a simple dill-down by units
Business ExplorerBusiness Explorer
Staging EngineStaging Engine
OLAP ProcessorOLAP Processor
FileR/3
EUR
convertconvert
DM
FFR
JPY
LITEUR
JPY
EUR
USD
NLG
convertconvert
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Aggregates
Speed up query performance by providing pre-aggregated views on InfoCubes
Aggregates are also stored in InfoCube star schema
Fully invisible to the end-user Created by administrator depending on InfoCube semantics and
query anticipation Optimized by OLAP processor selecting best aggregate
Built-in consistency data package released for queries when aggregate update complete
Zero downtime during load
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InfoCube
Time dimension
T Period Fiscal year …
10 1997 ...Product dimension
P Product # Product group …
2101004 displays ...
Fact table
C Customer # Region …
13970522 west ...
Customer dimension
P C T Quantity Revenue Discount Sales overhead
250 500,000 $ 50,000 $ 280,000 $
50 100,000 $ 7,500 $ 60,000 $
… … … ...
Customer # Name Location
13970522 Brightview, Inc. Palo Alto
Master data
BW Data Model
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InfoCube: SAP BW Design
Central data stores for reports and evaluations Contains two types of data:
Key Figures Characteristics
1 Fact Table and up to 16 Dimension Tables 3 Dimensions are predefined by SAP
Time Unit Info Package
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Info Cube Multi-Dimensional Analysis
Query Cache
Others
Govt Agencies
Institutions
Customer Retail
Group Whole sale South
Dept Stores West Regions
EastG
lass
war
e
Cer
amic
s
Pla
stic
s
Fu
rnis
hin
gs
Ch
emic
als
Bi-
pro
du
cts
Division
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Customer group
Reg
ion
InfoCube: Example
Division
Dept. Stores
Wholesale
Retail
Glass- Ceramics Plastics Pottery Copper Pewter ware
No
rth
So
uth
Eas
t
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Reg
ion
Nor
thS
outh
Eas
t
Glass-ware
Ceramics
Customer group
Division
RetailWholesale
DeptStores
Analysisof Ceramicsdivision
Analysisof Plasticsdivision
Analysis of Plastics divisionand Southern region
Reg
ion
Nor
thS
outh
Eas
t
Glass-ware
CeramicsPlastics
Customer group
Division
RetailWholesale
DeptStores Reg
ion
Nor
thS
outh
Eas
t
Glass-ware
Ceramics Plastics
Customer group
Division
RetailWholesale
DeptStores
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Reg
ion
Nor
thS
outh
Eas
t
Glass-ware
Ceramics Plastics
Customer group
Division
RetailWholesale
DeptStores
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Product groupCustomer groupDivisionAreaCompany codeRegionPeriodProfit CenterBus. Area
Plastics
Characteristics:Query Cache InfoCube
InfoCube: Multi-dimensional analysis
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Division
1100RT-0001
NorthPlasticsRetail Trade
SalesHours worked
4,000,0001,300,000 Key Figures
Character- istics
Customer group
Reg
ion
Key Figures are stored for a unique combination of Characteristic Values Number of dimensions is degree of granularity / summarization level of the
dataset
InfoCube: Characteristics and Key Figures
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What is an InfoObject ?
The various OLTP data models are unified for BW Business objects / data elements become
InfoObjects
InfoObject “0COSTCENTER”
InfoObjects are unique across application components !
R/3 OLTP
COCOControllingControlling
HRHRHuman Human
ResourcesResources
KOSTL ...
Table of cost centers
Table of employeesEMPLO COST_CENTER ...
BW Extractor
DataSourcefor
Cost Center
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Types of InfoObjects
Characteristics: evaluation groups like “Cost Center”, “Product group”, “Material”
Have discrete values stored in their master data tables(e.g. the characteristic “Region” has the values “North”, “South”, ... )
Special types of characteristics: Time characteristics like “Fiscal period”, “Calendar
year”, ... Unit characteristics which comprise currencies and
units of measure like “Local currency” or “Sales quantity”
Keyfigures: continuously valued numerical fields like amounts and quantities (e.g.: “Revenue” and “Sales quantity”)
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Reporting Architecture
Query
OLAP serverOLAP server
DatabaseDatabase
OLAP Processoroperates on ...
InfoCube
stored in
Aggregates
Databasestores ...
Business ExplorerBusiness Explorer
Analyzer defines ...
StarStarSchemaSchema
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Business ExplorerBusiness Explorer
Analyzer defines ...
Reporting Architecture
Query
OLAP serverOLAP server
DatabaseDatabase
OLAP Processoroperates on ...
InfoCube
stored in StarStarSchemaSchema
Aggregates
Databasestores ...
Business ExplorerBusiness Explorer
Analyzer shows ...
Query View
stored in
Excel Workbook
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Analyzer: Defining Queries
Vienna.conf.032499
End-users buildon existing Excel
and MS Officeknow how
Workbooksas containerfor queries
(store, e-mail)
All rendition andpresentationfeatures of
Excel available
Analyzer embedded in Excel
Business Explorer Analyzer ... ... implemented as an Add-in for Microsoft Excel ... links query rsults to cells in Excel workbooks
(e.g. multiple queries within same worksheet) ... offers all navigation features of OLAP-Processor via mouse-
click, context-menus, toolbar etc.
A business of
Thank You