Budgetary Allocation
to the Education
Sector
Agencies
& Capital
Projects
Components of
our Education
Systems
It is my personal belief that the Quality of Life of any Nation
cannot be expected to be more than the Quality of the
Education of her Citizenry and the intentional investment in
the Education System.
A quick look at the world today shows that ALL the developed
countries have massive and strong Educational institutions
while the under-developed are bedeviled with perennial lack
of the appreciation for the need to take Education serious.
Education has gone beyond Managing, developed countries
have pushed Education to the level of Governance;
developing frameworks, implementing and monitoring its
effectiveness, investing massively in the system, as well as
partnering with private institutions in areas of lesser influence.
Nigeria Education System and budgetary allocation is the
focus of this study, with the intention to extract some sense
from available data as relating Government budgeting.
To reveal the
budgeting trend
To determine the budget Priorities, Growth Rate and Annual Growth
Rate
To perform a Gap
Analysis and project on possible
budget value
To Propose possible synergy
among All arms of Govt.
The purpose of this Education budget analysis is four-fold:
1 2 3 4
According to the 1999 Constitution; Education is a right
which government pledge to do all that is possible in
ensuring the people receive the best.
Components of Nigeria Budget
Statutory
Transfer Debt Service
Recurrent
Expenditure
Capital
Expenditure
MDA Expenditure
Part A – Statutory Transfers
Part B – Debts Service
Part C – Recurrent Expenditure (non-debt)
Part D – Capital Expenditure
Of these components; Education is funded by Part A, C and D
Refer to the publication on Nigeria Budget & Its Components for deeper understanding of Nigeria Budget
Statutory
Transfer Debt Service
Recurrent
Expenditure
Capital
Expenditure
UBEC
The Universal Basic
Education Commission
Federal Ministry of Education
Salaries
Pensions
Overhead
Infrastructure
Educational
Services
Budgetary Allocation = UBEC + Recurrent + Capital
To reveal the budgeting trend for
Education Sector
1
Budgetary Allocation (1999 – 2013)
Year RECURRENT -
EDUCATION
CAPITAL -
EDUCATION UBEC 1999 2,700,000,000 – –
2000 29,514,932,709 11,425,730,621 –
2001 38,983,776,900 24,800,000,000 –
2002 51,335,499,300 22,100,000,000 –
2003 61,726,621,039 13,981,206,481 –
2004 72,217,886,839 21,550,000,000 –
2005 92,594,737,799 27,440,790,000 27,800,000,000
2006 129,421,908,835 35,791,763,831 30,480,000,000
2007 137,478,261,081 48,293,513,848 35,300,000,000
2008 162,694,071,909 47,750,746,670 39,700,000,000
2009 183,014,340,686 33,625,096,425 35,565,376,384
2010 198,084,948,657 97,208,440,839 44,341,401,504
2011 304,392,631,774 35,088,896,911 54,328,643,090
2012 345,091,448,178 55,056,589,805 68,237,452,545
2013 360,822,928,272 71,937,785,489 76,279,000,000
Bulk of Education budget comes from both Recurrent and Capital Expenditure,
however there is a Statutory allocation devoted to Basic Education since 2005.
Education: Total Budgetary Allocation (1999 – 2013) YEAR EDUCATION BUDGET TOTAL BUDGET % OF ALLOCATION
1999 2,700,000,000 60,549,835,647 4.46
2000 40,940,663,330 470,009,971,781 8.71
2001 63,783,776,900 894,214,805,186 7.13
2002 73,435,499,300 1,064,801,253,520 6.90
2003 75,707,827,520 976,254,543,375 7.75
2004 93,767,886,839 1,790,848,344,588 5.24
2005 147,835,527,799 1,799,938,243,138 8.21
2006 195,693,672,666 1,876,302,363,351 10.43
2007 221,071,774,929 2,266,394,423,477 9.75
2008 250,144,818,579 2,492,076,718,937 10.04
2009 252,204,813,495 2,870,510,042,679 8.79
2010 339,634,791,000 4,608,616,278,213 7.37
2011 393,810,171,775 4,226,191,559,259 9.32
2012 468,385,490,528 4,749,100,821,170 9.86
2013 509,039,713,761 4,987,220,425,601 10.21
3,128,156,428,420 35,133,029,629,922 8.28
This Allocation is referred to as the Nominal value (i.e. without the effect of
Inflation), the Real value is therefore computed using a Deflator for each year.
Normalizing Education
Budgetary Allocation Formula for Calculating
Real Value from Nominal Value
Real Value Nominal Value
Deflator
Budgetary Allocation for each is divided by the Deflator
for each year to get the Real Budgetary Allocation
Deflators from 1999 - 2013
Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Deflator 0.74 1.00 0.96 1.15 1.28 1.55
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Deflator 1.85 2.22 2.31 2.56 2.45
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013
Deflator 2.68 3.08 3.44 3.61
The Deflator for the base year is always 1.00. Year 2000 is
going to be the base year
YEAR EDUCATION TOTAL BUDGET % OF ALLOCATION
1999 3,648,648,649 81,824,102,226 4.46
2000 40,940,663,330 470,009,971,781 8.71
2001 66,441,434,271 931,473,755,402 7.13
2002 63,856,955,913 925,914,133,496 6.90
2003 59,146,740,250 762,698,862,012 7.75
2004 60,495,410,864 1,155,386,028,767 5.24
2005 79,911,096,108 972,939,590,885 8.21
2006 88,150,303,003 845,181,244,753 10.43
2007 95,702,067,069 981,123,127,046 9.75
2008 97,712,819,757 973,467,468,335 10.04
2009 102,940,740,202 1,171,636,752,114 8.79
2010 126,729,399,627 1,719,632,939,632 7.37
2011 127,860,445,381 1,372,140,116,643 9.32
2012 136,158,572,828 1,380,552,564,294 9.86
2013 141,008,230,959 1,381,501,502,937 10.21
1,290,703,528,210 15,125,482,160,320 8.28
Education: Real Total Budgetary Allocation (1999 – 2013)
The effective Budgetary Allocation to Education
having considered prevailing inflation.
Year Nominal
Budget
Nominal Total
Budget Deflator Real Budget
Real Total
Budget %
1999 2,700,000,000 60,549,835,647 0.74 3,648,648,649 81,824,102,226 4.46
2000 40,940,663,330 470,009,971,781 1 40,940,663,330 470,009,971,781 8.71
2001 63,783,776,900 894,214,805,186 0.96 66,441,434,271 931,473,755,402 7.13
2002 73,435,499,300 1,064,801,253,520 1.15 63,856,955,913 925,914,133,496 6.90
2003 75,707,827,520 976,254,543,375 1.28 59,146,740,250 762,698,862,012 7.75
2004 93,767,886,839 1,790,848,344,588 1.55 60,495,410,864 1,155,386,028,767 5.24
2005 147,835,527,799 1,799,938,243,138 1.85 79,911,096,108 972,939,590,885 8.21
2006 195,693,672,666 1,876,302,363,351 2.22 88,150,303,003 845,181,244,753 10.43
2007 221,071,774,929 2,266,394,423,477 2.31 95,702,067,069 981,123,127,046 9.75
2008 250,144,818,579 2,492,076,718,937 2.56 97,712,819,757 973,467,468,335 10.04
2009 252,204,813,495 2,870,510,042,679 2.45 102,940,740,202 1,171,636,752,114 8.79
2010 339,634,791,000 4,608,616,278,213 2.68 126,729,399,627 1,719,632,939,632 7.37
2011 393,810,171,775 4,226,191,559,259 3.08 127,860,445,381 1,372,140,116,643 9.32
2012 468,385,490,528 4,749,100,821,170 3.44 136,158,572,828 1,380,552,564,294 9.86
2013 509,039,713,761 4,987,220,425,601 3.61 141,008,230,959 1,381,501,502,937 10.21
3,128,156,428,420 35,133,029,629,922 1,290,703,528,210 15,125,482,160,320 8.28
Nominal vs Real Education Budget (1999 – 2013)
While 3.128 Trillion of 35.133 Trillion is total
allocation to Education since 1999; actually, 1.290
Trillion of 15.125 Trillion is the effective (real) value.
Findings Total budget since 1999 till date is 35.133
Trillion, with Education taking 3.128
Trillion.
This is 8.28% of the Total Budget.
The lowest allocation was in 1999 (4.46%)
while the highest was 2006 (10.43%).
Allocation to Education ranked highest
(No. 1) in 11 of the 15years (2000, 2003–
2005, 2006, 2007, 2009–2013). While it
ranked 2nd in 2008 & 2001, 3rd in 2002 and
6th in 1999.
Year Nominal Budget Change (Nominal) Real Budget Change (Real)
1999 2,700,000,000 - 3,648,648,649 -
2000 40,940,663,330 38,240,663,330 40,940,663,330 37,292,014,681
2001 63,783,776,900 22,843,113,570 66,441,434,271 25,500,770,941
2002 73,435,499,300 9,651,722,400 63,856,955,913 -2,584,478,358
2003 75,707,827,520 2,272,328,220 59,146,740,250 -4,710,215,663
2004 93,767,886,839 18,060,059,319 60,495,410,864 1,348,670,614
2005 147,835,527,799 54,067,640,960 79,911,096,108 19,415,685,244
2006 195,693,672,666 47,858,144,867 88,150,303,003 8,239,206,895
2007 221,071,774,929 25,378,102,263 95,702,067,069 7,551,764,066
2008 250,144,818,579 29,073,043,650 97,712,819,757 2,010,752,688
2009 252,204,813,495 2,059,994,916 102,940,740,202 5,227,920,445
2010 339,634,791,000 87,429,977,505 126,729,399,627 23,788,659,425
2011 393,810,171,775 54,175,380,775 127,860,445,381 1,131,045,754
2012 468,385,490,528 74,575,318,753 136,158,572,828 8,298,127,447
2013 509,039,713,761 40,654,223,233 141,008,230,959 4,849,658,131
The Real value for 2005 budget is N79.9 billion, compared to
N147.8 billion prior to the consideration of inflation. Even
though there was an increase of N54 billion in nominal terms,
the actual increase for the 2005 financial year was N19.4 billion.
To determine the budget Priorities, Growth Rate
and Annual Growth Rate
2
From the foregoing, it shows government has an
understanding of the importance of Education; though the
allocation may be insufficient, however Education seems to
be a priority to Government.
Budget Priority:
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
13
To determine the budget Growth Rate
and Annual Growth Rate
Formula for Growth Rate:
Real Growth rate % = (Year 2 – Year 1)
Year 1 x 100
The growth rate describes how much the size of an allocation changes
from one year to the next. It is expressed as a percentage of the original
allocation and is called the annual growth rate or year to year change.
Year Nominal Budget % Change Real Budget % Change
1999 2,700,000,000 3,648,648,649
2000 40,940,663,330 1416 40,940,663,330 1022
2001 63,783,776,900 56 66,441,434,271 62
2002 73,435,499,300 15 63,856,955,913 -4
2003 75,707,827,520 3 59,146,740,250 -7
2004 93,767,886,839 24 60,495,410,864 2
2005 147,835,527,799 58 79,911,096,108 32
2006 195,693,672,666 32 88,150,303,003 10
2007 221,071,774,929 13 95,702,067,069 9
2008 250,144,818,579 13 97,712,819,757 2
2009 252,204,813,495 1 102,940,740,202 5
2010 339,634,791,000 35 126,729,399,627 23
2011 393,810,171,775 16 127,860,445,381 1
2012 468,385,490,528 19 136,158,572,828 6
2013 509,039,713,761 9 141,008,230,959 4
122% 83%
The figure above indicates that, although the budget seems to have
increased in nominal terms, when considered in real terms, it transpires that
the budget has actually increased by lesser percentages. For instance, in
2011, an increase of 16% in Nominal term shows a 1% increase in Real term.
The Annual Growth Rate of Nigeria
Education Budget over a period
Year Real Budget % Change
1999 3,648,648,649
2000 40,940,663,330 1022
2001 66,441,434,271 62
2002 63,856,955,913 -4
2003 59,146,740,250 -7
2004 60,495,410,864 2
2005 79,911,096,108 32
2006 88,150,303,003 10
2007 95,702,067,069 9
2008 97,712,819,757 2
2009 102,940,740,202 5
2010 126,729,399,627 23
2011 127,860,445,381 1
2012 136,158,572,828 6
2013 141,008,230,959 4
1168
Annual average real growth
rate over the medium term:
1999 to 2013 = 14years
1168
14 = 83.42
To perform a Gap Analysis and project on possible budget value
3
What is the expected
Allocation to Education?
Is Financing Education the
Principal ingredient required for
effective impact?
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
The Dakar Framework recommended that at least 20% of the
national budget or 5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
should be spent on education.
In its 1996 report, “Learning: The Treasure Within” (Delors et al.),
UNESCO suggested that governments should invest at least 6% of
their Gross National Product (GNP) in education.
In 2002 Education for All set up the Fast Track Initiative which
recommended that governments should spend 20% of their
national budget on education.
The World Education Forum (26-28 April 2000, Dakar);
Governments should ensure that at least 7% of GDP is allocated to
education within five years and 9% within ten years.
Recommendations:
Dakar
Framework
for Action
Learning:
The Treasure
Within
Education
for All
World
Education
Forum
Dakar
Framework
for Action
Learning:
The Treasure
Within
Education
for All
World
Education
Forum
20% of the
National
Budget or
5% of GDP
20% of the
National
Budget
6% of GNP
at least 7%
of GDP
within 5yrs
& 9% within
10yrs
* Local currency
value not available
for Learning: The
Treasure Within
Nigeria GDP (1999 – 2012)
Year GDP (current US$) GDP (current LCU) GDP (constant LCU) GDP
growth
1999 34,776,040,200 3,211,150,000,000 6,459,597,656,968 1
2000 45,983,449,593 4,676,394,201,060 6,808,415,930,444 5
2001 47,999,667,360 5,339,063,000,000 7,019,476,824,288 3
2002 59,116,868,249 7,128,203,099,899 7,128,203,099,899 2
2003 67,655,840,077 8,742,646,645,944 7,862,408,019,189 10
2004 87,845,403,966 11,673,602,238,328 8,695,823,269,223 11
2005 112,248,324,227 14,735,323,930,652 9,165,397,725,761 5
2006 145,428,171,552 18,709,576,650,503 9,733,652,384,758 6
2007 165,920,723,491 20,874,172,355,695 10,361,456,232,085 6
2008 207,115,995,738 24,552,776,282,688 10,981,450,915,862 6
2009 168,587,267,756 25,102,937,791,717 11,745,735,527,291 7
2010 228,637,855,749 34,363,818,159,248 12,682,584,197,130 8
2011 243,985,812,280 37,754,437,788,000 13,615,453,796,968 7
2012 262,605,908,770 41,179,149,997,055 14,507,266,020,704 7
GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and
minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions
for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in
constant local currency. GDP (constant LCU) will be used for the calculation in subsequent pages.
Year National Budget
(NB)
Government
Allocation
%
Govt.
%
GDP
Dakar Recommendation
20% NB 5% GDP 1999 60,549,835,647 2,700,000,000 4.46 0.04 12,109,967,129 322,979,882,848
2000 470,009,971,781 40,940,663,330 8.71 0.60 94,001,994,356 340,420,796,522
2001 894,214,805,186 63,783,776,900 7.13 0.91 178,842,961,037 350,973,841,214
2002 1,064,801,253,520 73,435,499,300 6.90 1.03 212,960,250,704 356,410,154,995
2003 976,254,543,375 75,707,827,520 7.75 0.96 195,250,908,675 393,120,400,959
2004 1,790,848,344,588 93,767,886,839 5.24 1.08 358,169,668,918 434,791,163,461
2005 1,799,938,243,138 147,835,527,799 8.21 1.61 359,987,648,628 458,269,886,288
2006 1,876,302,363,351 195,693,672,666 10.43 2.01 375,260,472,670 486,682,619,238
2007 2,266,394,423,477 221,071,774,929 9.75 2.13 453,278,884,695 518,072,811,604
2008 2,492,076,718,937 250,144,818,579 10.04 2.28 498,415,343,787 549,072,545,793
2009 2,870,510,042,679 252,204,813,495 8.79 2.15 574,102,008,536 587,286,776,365
2010 4,608,616,278,213 339,634,791,000 7.37 2.68 921,723,255,643 634,129,209,857
2011 4,226,191,559,259 393,810,171,775 9.32 2.89 845,238,311,852 680,772,689,848
2012 4,749,100,821,170 468,385,490,528 9.86 3.23 949,820,164,234 725,363,301,035
2013 4,987,220,425,601 509,039,713,761 10.21 997,444,085,120 Not Yet Available
35,133,029,629,922 3,128,156,428,420 8.28 1.69 7,026,605,925,984 6,838,346,080,027
Recommendation Dakar Framework for Action
While recommendation for Education budget is 20% of National Budget, Nigeria is presently
allocating below half the recommendation. Our current allocation in 2013 is what should
have been the allocation in 2008, it is therefore empirically established that we are 5years
behind.
GDP: Education budget by GDP is recommended at 5% GDP; on the average, Nigeria is
allocating less than 2% of her GDP instead of 5%. Current allocation is what we should have
allocated in 2007. Clearly, this shows 6years lag in our allocation.
Year National Budget (NB) Government
Allocation % Govt.
%
GDP
Recommendation
20% NB
1999 60,549,835,647 2,700,000,000 4.46 0.04 12,109,967,129
2000 470,009,971,781 40,940,663,330 8.71 0.60 94,001,994,356
2001 894,214,805,186 63,783,776,900 7.13 0.91 178,842,961,037
2002 1,064,801,253,520 73,435,499,300 6.90 1.03 212,960,250,704
2003 976,254,543,375 75,707,827,520 7.75 0.96 195,250,908,675
2004 1,790,848,344,588 93,767,886,839 5.24 1.08 358,169,668,918
2005 1,799,938,243,138 147,835,527,799 8.21 1.61 359,987,648,628
2006 1,876,302,363,351 195,693,672,666 10.43 2.01 375,260,472,670
2007 2,266,394,423,477 221,071,774,929 9.75 2.13 453,278,884,695
2008 2,492,076,718,937 250,144,818,579 10.04 2.28 498,415,343,787
2009 2,870,510,042,679 252,204,813,495 8.79 2.15 574,102,008,536
2010 4,608,616,278,213 339,634,791,000 7.37 2.68 921,723,255,643
2011 4,226,191,559,259 393,810,171,775 9.32 2.89 845,238,311,852
2012 4,749,100,821,170 468,385,490,528 9.86 3.23 949,820,164,234
2013 4,987,220,425,601 509,039,713,761 10.21 997,444,085,120
35,133,029,629,922 3,128,156,428,420 8.28 1.69 7,026,605,925,984
Recommendation Education for All
Year National Budget
(NB)
Government
Allocation
%
Govt.
%
GDP
Dakar Recommendation
7% GDP 9% GDP
1999 60,549,835,647 2,700,000,000 4.46 0.04 452,171,835,988
2000 470,009,971,781 40,940,663,330 8.71 0.60 476,589,115,131
2001 894,214,805,186 63,783,776,900 7.13 0.91 491,363,377,700
2002 1,064,801,253,520 73,435,499,300 6.90 1.03 498,974,216,993
2003 976,254,543,375 75,707,827,520 7.75 0.96 550,368,561,343
2004 1,790,848,344,588 93,767,886,839 5.24 1.08 782,624,094,230
2005 1,799,938,243,138 147,835,527,799 8.21 1.61 824,885,795,318
2006 1,876,302,363,351 195,693,672,666 10.43 2.01 876,028,714,628
2007 2,266,394,423,477 221,071,774,929 9.75 2.13 932,531,060,888
2008 2,492,076,718,937 250,144,818,579 10.04 2.28 988,330,582,428
2009 2,870,510,042,679 252,204,813,495 8.79 2.15 1,057,116,197,456
2010 4,608,616,278,213 339,634,791,000 7.37 2.68 1,141,432,577,742
2011 4,226,191,559,259 393,810,171,775 9.32 2.89 1,225,390,841,727
2012 4,749,100,821,170 468,385,490,528 9.86 3.23 1,305,653,941,863
2013 4,987,220,425,601 509,039,713,761 10.21 Not Yet Available
35,133,029,629,922 3,128,156,428,420 8.28 1.69 11,603,460,913,436
Recommendation World Education Forum
The World Education Forum (26-28 April 2000, Dakar);
Governments should ensure that at least 7% of GDP is allocated to
education within five years and 9% within ten years
GAP Analysis
Recommended Allocated
Dakar
Framework
for Action
Learning:
The
Treasure
Within
Education
for All
World
Education
Forum
Dakar
Framework
for Action
Learning:
The
Treasure
Within
Education
for All
World
Education
Forum
Recommendations Recommended Allocated (AVG) Difference %
Dakar Framework
20% of the NB 468,440,395,066 208,543,761,895 259,896,633,171 44.52
5% of GDP 488,453,291,431 187,064,954,745 301,388,336,685 38.30
Education for All
20% of the NB 468,440,395,066 208,543,761,895 259,896,633,171 44.52
World Education Forum
7% of GDP within 5yrs 493,893,421,431 51,242,236,532 442,651,184,899 10.38
9% of GDP within 10yrs 1,014,888,200,698 262,522,020,419 752,366,180,279 25.87
Education Budget Gap Analysis
On the average, Nigeria budgets less than 50% (10%) of
the recommended 20% of National Budget to Education
A cumulative average of less than 2% of GDP budgeted
since 1999, this is less than 40% of the 5% of GDP
Catching Up Recommendation:
In order to catch up with the rest of
the world who are budgeting 20%,
Nigeria will need an increment of 2%
yearly, starting from 2014. If followed,
by 2023, Nigeria will be budgeting
30% of NB and would have caught
up doing 20% on cumulative average.
Similarly, a yearly minimum increment
of 0.25% of Nigeria GDP will put
Nigeria ahead of the recommended
5% by 2023. if this is maintained, by
2035, Nigeria would have achieved
8.50%.
The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) is one of the documents
that provide the basis for annual budget planning. They consist of a
macroeconomic framework that indicates fiscal target and estimates revenues
& expenditure, including government financial obligation in the medium
term.
Funding Education from MTEF
Usually, the Presidency proposes an oil benchmark price while the National
Assembly (The Senate & The House of Representatives) agrees or debate on a
possible value. Sometimes, even the National Assembly debate within
themselves before agreeing with the Presidency. This year, in presentation to
the 2014 budget; the presidency proposed $74 per barrel, the Senate raised it
to $76.50 while the House of Representatives pegged it at $79.
Whatever value is agreed, this value is the basis for the Nigeria budget while
the difference between the oil Benchmark and the actual value is „kept‟ by
the Executive arm of government (Presidency) in the Excess Crude Account.
Education can be funded by devoting a percentage
of the difference between the agreed oil benchmark
price and the actual market price.
Funding Education from MTEF
Year Barrel/Day
2009 2,208,000
2010 2,455,000
2011 2,550,000
2012 2,520,000
2013 2,500,000
In 2013, Oil benchmark is $79 per barrel. Oil
price hovers around $110; assume an average
value of $100 per barrel, this means there is a
difference of $21 per barrel. Lets do the Math:
$21 per barrel x 2,500,000 = $52,500,000
$52,500,000 x 365 = $19,162,500,000
@N150/$ = N7.9Billion per day
@N150/$ = N2.9Trillion per day
% Additional Education Budget (N)
1 28,743,750,000
2 57,487,500,000
3 86,231,250,000
4 114,975,000,000
5 143,718,750,000
Devoting some percentage of this
excess to Education would go a
long a way to address the
funding issues with our Education
System.
To propose possible Synergy among All arms
of Government
4
Federal
State
Local
While allocation to Education is about 10%, over the years it has received
some attention from the government emerging most times as the Sector
with the most allocation. However, according to the former Minister of
Education, Oby Ezekwesili, funding is not our main problem.
Below is an excerpt from a live interview session on Channels Television.
Education is a System
A System works organically. If you don't
understand what create a dysfunction to a
System you will be addressing the symptoms
instead of the fundamentals.
Education falls within the concurrent list of
our constitution i.e. the FG, State
Government and Local Government have
the constitutional empowerment to embark
on programmes.
The Federal Ministry of Education is the policy formulation,
implementation, monitoring, regulation of some standard settings
and benchmarking for performance.
My Education mandate when I was Minister was one of the most difficult
assignment I carried out in government.
As Minister of Solid Minerals, the number of reforms that through diagnostics to
set the system on a credible path for performance was 107 reforms.
As Minister of Education we required 300 reforms....45% were carried out in
10months when I was there as a minister of Education. My effective year of work
as minister for the period of 10months was approximately 3years.
Education is the single most important instrument for ensuring social and
economic mobility of your citizens.
Nigeria was under funding Education
As at then, Education budget to GDP- SA:7.9%, Ghana:4.4%, Angola:4.2%,
Nigeria:0.79%
Worse than the funding issue was the misallocation of investment issues...we
therefore have a structural dysfunction of the sector. If you fund education in the
way that it is, it is like getting the fanciest cloth on someone who need to first
stand upright...even though you cloth the person in the best apparel, the person
will still not be standing right. First you need to change the structural
dysfunctionality before providing the fund. Otherwise you will have a well
funded dysfunctionality.
Therefore, investment in Education is important, but much more important is
correcting the current structural dysfunctionality.
Nigeria was under funding Education. Worse than the funding
issue was the misallocation of investment issues...we therefore
have a structural dysfunction of the sector. If you fund education
in the way that it is, it is like getting the fanciest cloth on someone
who need to first stand upright...even though you cloth the person
in the best apparel, the person will still not be standing right.
First, you need to change the structural dysfunctionality before
providing the fund. Otherwise you will have a well funded
dysfunctionality. Therefore, investment in Education is important,
but much more important is correcting the current structural
dysfunctionality.
Funding
Governance Governance is the foundation of a
successful Education System
Funding adds colour and glamour
to the Education System
Clearly, there are two aspects to Budgeting:
Budget Allocation
Budget Implementation
While the former is known, the later is unknown,
therefore this dysfunctionality exist such that we
cannot properly account and reconcile what was
allocated with what is implemented.
Therefore, irrespective of the amount allocated,
without a proper Education Governance, that sees
an end-to-end reconciliation of Allocation viz-a-viz
its Implementation, as rightly said, we might just be
enabling a disability/dysfunctionality by providing
more funding.
Education falls within the concurrent list of our constitution i.e. the
Federal Government, State Government and Local Government have the
constitutional empowerment to embark on programmes
Proposed Synergy
Federal State Local
Other likely Partners are:
International Organisations
Non-Governmental Organisation
Civil Society
Organized Religious bodies
Private Organisation – Corporate Social Responsibility
Alumni
Individuals – Donor, Philanthropist
FG – Ministry, Agency & Parastatals
SG – State Ministry, Agency
LG – Council
International donors
Scholarships
Old Boys / Girls
Alumni
Civil Society
CSR
Philanthropists
Ministry of
Education
24 Parastatals/Agencies
Minster of Education
& Minister of State
Governing
Board
Ministry of
Education
Parastatals/Agencies
36 Commissioners
of Education
Governing
Board
Ministry of
Education Councilors
Responsibility Focus Medium
Frameworks
Tertiary Education
Technical Education
Research Development
State Tertiary Education
Technical/Vocational
Secondary Education
Policy
Primary Education
Vocational Empowerment
Early Child-hood
After-School Centres
FG
SG
LG
In Closing:
Education is a collaborative effort.
There is too much expectation and concentration of Power at
the Centre.
The FG budget to Education is a part of the pie, what about
States and Local Governments?
Each (FG, SG & LG) should concentrate on their respective areas
for maximum effect.
Budget Implementation review & Lesson Learned sessions is as
important as Budget planning & Projection.
FG, SG & LG should have an Education plan with projected
Budget for at least 5years.
Investment in Education is important, but much more important
is Education Governance, Reforms and Framework
Development.
Tax exemption should be offered to Private organisations with
Education focused Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Freely share, freely use and freely acknowledge the source – © Wale Micaiah
Data source: - Nigeria Budget office (www.budgetoffice.gov.ng)
- Channels TV, Interview of Oby Ezekwesili, October 2013
- Nigeria Budget and its Components – Wale Micaiah
- Understanding Govt. Priority through Budgeting – Wale Micaiah
- World Bank Data
- International Monetary Funds
Analysis by: Wale Micaiah (M.sc., CISM, CCNP-Sec, MCSA)
m: 08078001800
b: walemicaiah.blog.com
w. www.statisense.com