BTEC Level 3 Applied science Transition pack 3 2020
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BTEC Level 3 Applied
Science
Transition Pack 3
Assignment Practice
Due to be emailed to
Mrs Bain by 31st
August 2020
mailto:[email protected]
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A large part of the BTEC course is the production of
extended pieces of writing based around researching a
topic and writing up the research. These are called
assignments
As such this pack is an introduction to the style of writing
you will be expected to produce. BTEC provides learners
with assignment briefs and marking criteria so that
learners know what is expected of them.
This pack has 3 tasks
Task 1 – Planning and researching an essay idea
Task 2 – Writing an essay based on the plan in Task 1
Task 3 marking an essay based on criteria supplied by the
exam board in the assignment brief and level descriptors
Task 1 – Research project plan
Write an essay based around the plan that you make. I would like you to submit both your
plan and your final essay.
Your final essay must be above 2000 word, and end up being about the 3000 words mark +
references. If you go above this, that is ok.
The essay is on any topic you wish, but must link all 3 post 16 qualifications you have
chosen to take.
Examples in the past have included:
Post 16 choices Research project
Government and politics, Btec Applied science, business studies
The science behind the large Hadron Collider, how much it costs including financial contributions by each country and what that means.
Government and politics, BTEC Applied Science and IT
Types of voting systems for elections, the move towards online voting and the possible political impact of this, the science and IT needed to do so.
Maths, History and BTEC Applied Science History, science and maths behind the atom bomb
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Maths, chemistry and BTEC Applied Science Defining the kilogram – the old method of how we define a kg (chem), the new method (phys) and the maths behind this.
Maths, BTEC Applied Science, BTEC sport Maths and science behind swinging/curving balls in football and cricket
Chemistry, BTEC Applied Science and maths Rocket science – the mechanics and chemistry of rocket fuel
Geography, BTEC Applied Science and business studies
Using gravitational waves to predict earthquakes and the cost benefit of this to countries.
Your aims for this transition pack Task is a plan that includes the following:
What are your post 16 choice’s?
Why are they a good choice for you?
How do they link to your interests, hobbies or future career choice?
Create a mind map linking your 3 post 16 choices to a research project idea.
You can have more than 1 idea at this point, so do not worry if you have multiple
ideas.
Extra: If you would like some reassurance that your plan is a good one email it to me
for some feedback but use this checklist to self-assess your work first
1. An introduction to your research project 2. A clear structure based on the model at the end of the document for your research
project essay or have a look online at the structure of other people’s essays and base yours on a pre-existing essay. Reference the essay you use.
3. Some general research online of your chosen idea to see if it is suitable. Sources in your reference list.
Task 2 – Research project Essay
You should already have some idea and a plan for what you are choosing to write about as
this was Task 1.
Your final essay must be over 2000 words, and I’d expect around 3000 words + references.
If you go above this, that is ok.
The essay is on any topic you wish, but must combine aspects of all 3 post-16 choices you
have made.
Use the Basic essay structure model to structure your essay. It is at the end of this
document.
Your essay must include:
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1. An introduction about what your research topic is about (1 paragraph). Include all sections in the diagram below.
2. Outlining of your research on your chosen topic and how this relates to your post 16 choices. This is the main part of your work. Split it into whichever sections make your essay flow best. (e.g. section per subject area, section per sub-topic, section per historical era).
3. A conclusion to summarise your work (1 paragraph).
You may find the following diagram helpful as well as this website to write your thesis
statement:
http://rasmussen.libanswers.com/faq/32467
http://rasmussen.libanswers.com/faq/32467
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4. References – this is a list of all the places you got information from and used, including books, websites, journals etc. Attempt to do in the Harvard referencing style. An online tool to help can be found here:
https://www.citethisforme.com/uk/referencing-generator/harvard
https://www.citethisforme.com/uk/referencing-generator/harvard
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Task 3 Attached is an assignment brief, student work and an assignment checklist for unit 8 learning Aim B- The Lymphatic system I would like you to mark this piece of work using the checklist and assign the student a grade based on the work at the moment.
BTEC Assignment Brief
Qualification
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Certificate in Applied Science
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Foundation Diploma in Applied Science
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Diploma in Applied Science
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Applied Science
Unit number and title
Unit 8: Physiology of Human Body Systems
Learning aim (For NQF only)
B: Understand the impact of disorder on the physiology of the
lymphatic system and the associated corrective treatment.
Assignment title Impact of lymphatic disorder and associated treatments.
Assessor
Issue date
Hand in deadline
Vocational Scenario
or Context
As part of your college course, you have been offered the chance to
participate in a work placement programme. This has been organised in
partnership with a national charity who work to engage science
students in aspirational work experience opportunities. The placement
will allow you to observe specialist laboratory work, practice a variety
of scientific techniques and gain first-hand experience of medical
research into the role and function of the lymphatic system and
disorders and associated treatments.
On completion of your one-month placement; your assigned learning
mentor requires you to produce a portfolio of evidence demonstrating
the knowledge and understanding you have gained throughout the
programme. Your portfolio will contain a detailed ‘patient case study’
related to the normal functioning of the lymphatic system, impairment
of normal function due to lymphatic diseases and the treatments used
to correct the effects of lymphatic diseases.
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Your portfolio must be written professionally using appropriate scientific
terminology.
Task
Hodgkin Lymphoma and Lymphatic Filariasis are amongst the many
conditions being researched by the medical professionals employed at
your work placement. Your patient case study will focus on just one of
these disorders.
Your patient case study must include a:
Evaluation and description of the effects of a single lymphatic disorder of your choice and include an evaluation and description of the corrective treatment(s) associated with the disorder. A detailed explanation of the physiological reasoning behind the treatments prescribed in an attempt to correct the disorder you have chosen must be included. (For example, in the treatment of certain lymphatic diseases, some patients will receive both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments whilst others receive only chemotherapy. Even then, the combination of drugs used will vary in consideration of different factors related to the patient and the disease stage.) In choosing treatment methods, medical professionals will need to take into account the likely benefits to the patient and the potential risks and problems the prescribed treatment(s) may bring. Include these factors in your report.
To assist your evaluation, you must include and refer to:
A diagram of the anatomy of the lymphatic system which you have labelled. A description of how each of the structures included in, or associated with, the lymphatic system work in the healthy state. (As a minimum you must include the following primary and secondary lymphoid organs; lymph vessels, lymph nodes (axillary and supratrochlear, abdominal, inguinal, and popliteal), valves, thymus, tonsils, lacteals and spleen.) A description of the formation of lymph and its role in body defence mechanisms. A description of how the normal functioning of the lymphatic system is impaired in the diseased state.
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Checklist of evidence
required
A portfolio of evidence relating to the lymphatic system which contains:
a patient case study evaluating the effect of corrective treatments on a named lymphatic disorder and the reasons behind the choice of treatments including benefits and problems.
signs and symptoms of the chosen disorder in conjunction with the effects of the disorder on normal lymphatic function.
A diagram illustrating the anatomy of the lymphatic system.
A detailed description of normal lymphatic functions.
Correct scientific terminology must be used throughout the portfolio.
Sources of information must be properly referenced.
Criteria covered by this task:
Unit/Criteria
reference To achieve the criteria, you must show that you are able to:
B. D2 Evaluate the effect of corrective treatment(s) for a disorder of the lymphatic
system.
B. M2 Explain the physiological reasoning for corrective treatment(s) associated with
the disorder of the lymphatic system.
B. P4 Describe the effect of disorder on the lymphatic system and possible corrective
treatment(s).
B. P3 Describe the gross anatomy and function of the organs of the lymphatic
system.
Sources of information to
support you with this
Assignment
http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html
http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html
http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping-with-
cancer/coping-physically/lymphoedema/what-is-lymphoedema
Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness -
by Anne Waugh BSc(Hons) MSc CertEd SRN RNT
FHEA (Author), Allison Grant BSc PhD RGN (Author)
Other assessment materials
attached to this Assignment
Brief
http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.htmlhttp://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.htmlhttp://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping-with-cancer/coping-physically/lymphoedema/what-is-lymphoedemahttp://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping-with-cancer/coping-physically/lymphoedema/what-is-lymphoedema
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BTEC LEVEL 3 APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 8 LEARNING AIM B – THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Introduction
The report below will be looking into the lymphatic system, focusing on the purpose of the lymphatic
system, the functions of each part, what is a lymph and how is it formed, and what are lymphocytes.
It will also contain an interview with a patient who ha lymphedema in her upper arms due to the
treatment she received for breast cancer.
The Lymphatic System Diagram
Lymph vessels
https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&url=https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/199002877271002758/&psig=AOvVaw12sCpctA0usGXH8Ht7t5kO&ust=1590300759119000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIja35CqyekCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAh
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The Workings of the spleen
What does the Lymphatic System Do?
The lymphatic system is the system within the human body which carries excess fluid to the blood
stream and filters pathogens from the blood. The system is made up of vessels, cells, and organs.
The lymphatic system is linked with the immune system in the majority of peoples. The immune
system is made up of a complicated group of cells and organs the neutralise pathogens that cause
infection.
The main function of the lymphatic system is to drain body fluids and return them back to the blood
stream. Leakage of fluid in the capillaries is cause by blood pressure, and the gathering of this fluid
goes into the interstitial space.
Diagram showing the removal of interstitial fluid from the tissues
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In the human body approximately 20litres of plasma goes into the interstitial space of the tissue on a
daily bases, this is because of capillary filtration.
The filtration out of the blood stream into the tissue space is called the interstitial fluid, around
17litres of this is reabsorbed back into the blood stream.
The remaining 3litres is drained by the lymphatic system and emptied into the blood stream by
vessels trunks and ducts.
Maintenance of hydrostatic pressure
This diagram is of the pressure in the capillary which changes from +10 to -7 throughout the process
of filtration and reabsorption. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of fluids due the force per unit
area exerted by a liquid on an object. Within the lymphatic system the capillary hydrostatic pressure,
which is the pressure of filtration forces fluid out of the blood capillaries. The heart pushing blood
through the narrow arterial section within the capillaries causes this hydrostatic pressure. The fluid
which is sent around the body contains oxygen and nutrients and this moves into body tissue.
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Absorption of fats from the digestive system
As shown in the above diagram the lymphatic system absorbs the fat from the small intestine and
carries them to the vinos circulation, the vinos circulation is made up of an interconnected system of
veins and sinuses.
Lacteals are lymph capillaries which are based in the centre of each villus and these absorb the fats from the intestine, they then merge to create lymphatic colleting vessels which have a similar structure to veins. The fats are then passed to the lymph nodes which is filtered before it enters the blood, the lymph nodes link to the lymphatic trunk which then feeds blood back to the heart via collecting ducts and subclavian veins. This stops high levels of fat from rising quickly into the blood to help maintain the heart.
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Spleen the spleen contains white blood cells which it uses to fight off infections, it also controls the level of these white blood cells as well as the red blood cell and platelets, the platelets are small cells that form blood clots. Finally, it scans the blood for old and damaged red blood cells and removes them.
Thymus Gland the thymus gland is the largest organ in the lymphatic system (at child birth) a baby uses this to build up their immune system. The thymus gland however is only active until puberty when it begins to shrink and is replaced by fat.
Tonsils the tonsils are a pair of tissue masses located at the back of the throat, each tonsil is made up of tissue similar to lymph nodes. The tonsils are also believed to help form antibodies for the first few years on a child’s life.
Lymph Glands (Lymph Nodes) lymph glands also known as lymph nodes are found throughout the body, there are groups of lymph gland situated In the neck, axilla (underarm) chest, abdomen, and groin. These lymph node are used to filter out harmful substances to the body. Each one contains immune cells that fight infection by attacking the germ and allowing them to be carried through the lymph fluid.
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Lymph vessels lymph vessels are used to drain the tissue fluid from the capillaries back to the blood vein. Through the digestive system the lymph nodes help to transport fats to the blood.
Node o Axillary-the axillary node is found in the armpit and its purpose is to filter and
receive lymph from the arm the throat the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.
o Abdominal-the lymph nodes in your abdomen are called the mesenteric nodes these filter the abdominal wall.
o Inguinal-there are two types of inguinal lymph nodes which are called superficial or deep they help maintain the fluid balance in the blood stream filter out any waste and are essential part of the immune defence system within the body.
o Popliteal-these are situated within the legs near the knee joint and are a cluster of six or seven nodes, they manage the fluid for the lower leg and feet within the lymphatic system.
o Supratrochlear- this is a small cluster of nodes which sit above the humorous and maintain the fluid in the forearm they are superficial nodes
What is a lymph?
The lymphatic system is made up of lymph vessels and areas of lymph nodes whose function it is to
place fluid from tissue to the circulator system this fluid is called lymph which is named after the
Latin word lympha meaning water.
Lymph is created when the interstitial fluid is collected via the capillaries. The lymph fluid contains
infection fighting white blood cells from the immune system which are then dispersed around the
body.
What are lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes is a collective name for leucocyte these are small white blood cells with a single round
nucleus and they are the body’s main type of immune cell which is found in the blood the bone
marrow and lymph tissue. Lymphocytes are created from stem cells in the bone marrow. There are
three types of lymphocytes which are all essential for our immune systems, t-cells, b-cells and
natural killer cells they form a defence within the body that recognise antigens, produce antibodies
and destroy cells that could cause damage to the body. The lymphocytes move through the lymph
fluid to the nodes which allows them to then move to their various parts of the body performing
immunity functions.
Lymphedema – Disease of the Lymphatic System
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Lymphedema is chronic long term condition which causes swelling within the tissues of the body it
usually affects the arms and legs but can affect the rest of the body and is caused by the lymphatic
system not removing excess fluid as affectively as it should.
There are two main types of lymphedema known as primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is
a genetic disorder which is caused by issues when the body is developing the lymphatic system, this
is usually shown in the body between childhood and early adulthood. This is a rare condition and
only effects one in six thousand.
Secondary lymphedema is caused when the lymphatic system has suffered damage which then does
not allow the lymph fluid to pass around the body efficiently, this is caused by cancer treatment,
infection, inflammation, or reduced movement within a limb. This is more common due to patients
of breast cancer vulvar cancer and penile cancer treatment as lymph nodes are commonly removed
causing damage to the lymphatic system.
The symptoms as per the NHS website are:
Aching, heavy feeling
Difficulty with movement
Repeated skin infections
Hard tight skin
Folds in the skin
Wart like growths
Fluid leaking through the skin
As lymphedema is a long term condition that effects your appearance due to swellings in the body it
can cause a great deal of anxiety and in some cases can cause depression.
Although there is no cure for lymphedema patients are able to reduce symptoms such as swelling by
wearing compression garments, massages, exercise, and a healthy diet.
The main issue of lymphedema with regard to infection is cellulitis. This is a bacterial infection which
sits in the skin layer called the dermis. The symptoms listed by NHS are: redness and a feeling of heat
in the skin, pain and increased swelling in the infected area, a higher temperature, and chills.
Antibiotics can be given to treat it but severe cases will need hospitalisation.
Currently there is no corrective treatment however researchers are looking into Nano technology to
allow them to bypass damaged or removed node to healthy ones.
Case Study – Lymphedema Patient
The patient that I interviewed has secondary lymphedema which was they have been suffering since
having an infection after treatment for breast cancer. She is 59 years old and has MS which is a
muscular degenerative disorder, asthma and heart problems as well as secondary lymphedema in
her right arm, she is right handed.
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She is a foster carer for 7 to 18 years which she has been doing for 17years and has up to two
children for on a long term basis at one
Teachers produce checklists to help students include all the necessary parts of an assignment.
The checklist for marking is on the next page use this checklist and the assignment brief marking points to mark the learner work and use the level descriptors to award a grade.
Annotate the work with the marking criteria code such as
Part B.D2 awarded
Interview
12)
A) Implications of the health status of an individual:
-lower fitness level
-not supposed to do heavy lifting
-use two hand rather than one for simple tasks like hoovering
-has to use weak hand as main one
B) How it has affected their lymph system:
-swelling in the arms is relatively permanent
-the nodes were removed so it is less effective
C) What treatments are available and how/why they fix the lymphatic system:
-there is a pump to compress the arm and move fluid
-stripes of tape are put on the skin on the arm and back to create tension to help fluid move
-massages but NHS does not pay for them and they are expensive as they are specialised
D) How much of an impact will each treatment have:
- Personally the treatment does not work well
-most treatments are to move fluid not “fix” nodes
-treatments have to be regular to make a difference which is not ideal and draining both time wise and financially
E) How the normal lymphatic system function is restored by each treatment:
-it is not restored just helped
-treatment don’t make new pathways
-they attempt to do the work of the nodes in the treatments
F) The positives and negatives to each treatment:
Negatives: Positives:
-doesn’t work for everyone -reduces swelling
-need regular treatment
-draining
-all treatments do the same thing
-trial and error
-limb becomes heavier
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BTEC Level 3 Applied science – Unit 8 – Learning Aim B – The lymphatic System -
Checklist
1) An introduction to the assignment, what you will be looking at in your report
(use assignment brief context). Assignment briefs have been emailed to your
school account
2) Hand labelled diagram of the lymphatic system labelling all the parts (spleen,
thymus gland, tonsils, lymph glands, lymph vessels, nodes: axillary, abdominal,
inguinal, popliteal, supratrochlear)
3) What does the lymphatic system do in detail and why (including Removal of
interstitial fluid from tissues, maintenance of hydrostatic pressure and
absorption of fats from the digestive system)
4) What are the functions of each part of the lymphatic system (those above
and valves), how do they work and how does it contribute to the effective
functioning of the whole system
5) What is lymph and how is it formed, what does lymph do and how does it
keep you healthy
6) What are lymphocytes, how are they formed, what do they do and how are
they transported
7) Pick one of the three diseases (lymphadenitis, lymphedema, Hodgkin’s
lymphoma), describe what causes it, list symptoms etc, 3 suggested starting
point websites
a. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001301.htm
b. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lymphoedema/
c. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hodgkin-lymphoma/
8) Explain the effect it will have on the patient (what effects it will have and why
these will happen)
9) How will the normal functioning of the lymphatic system be effected by the
disease
10) Give an overview of options of treatments for the disease
11) Explain (WHY) each corrective treatment is used – what does it do, how does it
return the normal functioning of the lymphatic system, why would it be used
instead/before of a different treatment
12) A patient case study to include:
a) Implications of the health status of an individual
b) How it has affected their lymph system
c) What treatments are available and how/why they fix the lymphatic
system
d) How much of an impact will each treatment have
e) How the normal lymphatic system function is restored by each
treatment
f) The positives and negatives to each treatment
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001301.htmhttps://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lymphoedema/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hodgkin-lymphoma/
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Awarding a grade
For distinction standard, learners must base their evaluation on one named disorder. They will
analyse the effect of the disease on the lymphatic system, the normal functioning of which
will be explicitly explained. The implications of the disease on the health status of an
individual suffering from the disorder will be addressed within the context of a patient case
study. Learners will evaluate the physiological basis of any treatment and discuss the impact
of this on the restoration of normal lymphatic function. This will include benefits and problems
faced by medical professionals when using corrective treatments. They will use correct
scientific terminology throughout.
For merit standard, learners will demonstrate detailed understanding of the anatomy and
function of the lymphatic system, using correct scientific terminology to explain the rationale
for use of corrective treatment for the effects of a named disorder of the lymphatic system.
Learners will give detailed explanations of the disorder affecting the normal functioning of
the lymphatic system and the associated corrective treatment.
For pass standard, learners must describe the gross anatomy of the organs and associated
structures that form the lymphatic system. Learners must label (for themselves) each structure
of the lymphatic system and describe, in brief, the role it plays in the system. Learners will
describe how lymph is formed and its role in the health of the body. Learners will also briefly
describe a named disorder and its effect on the normal function of the lymphatic system,
including the symptoms present in the human body and give an overview of the corrective
treatment(s) associated with the disorder.