SESSION 1SAFETY FOR WORKPLACES
• BSBOHS509A Ensure a safe workplace
SESSION 1SAFETY FOR WORKPLACES
SESSION 1 OBJECTIVES
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Identify key OHS legislation and guidance material.
• Develop responsibilities and resources required for an OHS policy.
• Identify the costs of illness and injury to an organisation.
• Identify the impacts of an OHS incident on the organisation and on
its customers, suppliers and environment.
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• This presentation explains the major developments in Australian
safety thinking over the years, and the current framework of OHS
legislation and guidance.
WHY BOTHER WITH OHS?
• prosecution under law for non compliance
• organisation’s reputation
• cost
• employee/manager relations
• efficiency gains through systems focus.
• What’s missing from this list?
OHS OVER THE YEARS
• Australian High Court ruling in favor of workers in 1956 building
site case – need ‘safe system of work.’
• Focus changed from prescriptive to performance based:
• Robens Report UK 1970-1972 – laws too varied and too specific
leading to confusion and lack of ownership of safety.
• Harmonisation across Australia:
• National OHS Strategy 2002 – 2012.
OUR LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKRequirements
ActsFederal State and Territory
Mandatory
Regulations Mandatory
Codes of Practice Should be followed unless a safer method can be demonstrated
Standards and other guidance material
Advisory only
Workplace polices and procedures Mandatory
CURRENT OHS LEGISLATIONRelevant region
Name of OHS Act
Federal Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (From 1/1/2012 - Work Health and Safety Act 2011)
NSW Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000
Victoria Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
Queensland Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995(The Queensland Parliament passed the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (the WHS Act 2011) on 26 May 2011. The WHS Act 2011 reflects the national model WHS Act with minor (but necessary) changes which enable it to operate within the Queensland jurisdiction.This was followed on 24 November 2011 with the approval of the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 (the WHS Regulation 2011) by the Queensland Governor in Council. The WHS Regulation reflects the national model WHS Regulation, with some changes, which will enable it to operate effectively in Queensland.The new legislation came into force on 1 January 2012.)http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/W/WorkHSA11.pdfhttp://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/law/whslaws/index.htm
SA Occupational Health and Safety and Welfare Act 1986
WA Occupational Health and Safety Act 1984
Tasmania Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991
NT Work Health Act 1986
ACT Occupational Health and Safety Act 1989
HOLDING IT ALL TOGETHERSESSION 2
SESSION 2 OBJECTIVES
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Design an OHS management system based on legal requirements.
• Develop a method of auditing the system to ensure its ongoing
operation.
• Effectively induct and train employees to support the OHS system
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• This presentation describes how the various aspects of thinking
and planning are brought together and managed by the OHS
management system.
OHS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (OHSMS)
• An OHSMS describes how an organisation plans to:
• Define its OHS policy and commitment to the OHSMS.
• Fulfil its OHS policy, objectives and targets.
• Make these plans work ‘on the ground’.
• Measure and evaluate its OHS performance.
• Review and improve the OHSMS and therefore its performance.
EFFECTIVE OHSMS CHARACTERISTICS
• OHSMS should:
• Be appropriate for the organisation
• Be integrated with other systems and main functions of the
organisation
• Improve the overall performance of the organisation
• Help the organisation meet its legal responsibilities.
THE OHSMS MODEL
OHS Policy
Planning
ImplementationMeasurement and Evaluation
Management Review
ContinuousImprovement
OHSMS TEMPLATES
• AS/NZS 4801 & 4804
• ISO 9001 & 14004
• Safety M.A.P (Safety Management Achievement Program)
• Privately developed templates.
EVERYONE IS A PARTNER IN SAFETYSESSION 3
SESSION 3. OBJECTIVES
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Explain the legal requirements for workplace consultation in
organisations.
• Develop a strategic response to an OHS issue involving all parties
in the resolution process.
• Communicate outcomes in a helpful manner to all concerned.
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• This presentation provides the legislative requirements for
participation in OHS management in the workplace.
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKPLACE CONSULTATION
• General requirements:
• Designated Work Groups (DWGs)
• OHS Representatives (OHS Reps)
• workplace change consultation
• safety problem and resolution consultation
• OHS Committee
• OHS Reps facilities and support
• consultation about resolution process
• expert OHS advice for OHS Reps.
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
• There are a variety of specific requirements for each of these
areas under the different State and Territory OHS Acts across
Australia as well as the Federal one.
• The process of ‘harmonisation’ is currently bringing these together
so that they will not vary. It is being facilitated by Australian
Safety and Compensation Council (ASSC).
WHAT COULD HAPPENSESSION 4
SESSION 4. OBJECTIVES
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Develop clear hazard identification and risk assessment
methodologies.
• Develop effective risk control measures using the hierarchy of
control.
• Improve existing risk control measures according to the hierarchy
of control.
• Identify points where expert OHS advice would be required.
• Demonstrate the back to work process for injured workers.
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• This presentation will discuss the principles of hazard
identification, risk assessment and control. The hierarchy of
controls will be discussed using the concept of ‘Safe Place’ and
‘Safe Person’.
HAZARD? RISK?Hazard Risk
Unstable ladder Employee falls and breaks arm
Noisy machinery Hearing loss
Repeated action OOS (Occupational Overuse Syndrome) RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)
Heavy parcels Back injury
Cluttered walkways Slips/trips
Dirty floors Slips
Outside work Skin cancer
Working with asbestos Asbestosis
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
• What could go wrong?
• physical
• chemical
• ergonomic
• radiation
• psychological
• biological.
RISK ASSESSMENT
• How bad could it be?
• Two variables:
• Likelihood – what is the possibility of the hazard causing illness
or injury?
• Severity – what level of illness or injury will the hazard cause?
• These two things are used to give a risk rating, and therefore a
priority, to each of the hazards that arise.
A RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX
Severity of harm
Likelihood of occurrence
Highly likely Likely Unlikely Highly unlikely
Life threatenin
g
Unacceptable risk
Permanent injury
Temporary injury
Acceptable risk
Discomfort
Nuisance only
Negligible risk
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
Eliminate
Substitute
Modify System
Isolate
Engineering Controls
Administrative/Backup Controls
Safe place
Safe person
WHAT IS HAPPENING?SESSION 5
SESSION 5. OBJECTIVES
• By the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Develop Key Performance Indicators and Positive Performance
Indicators for OHS policies and procedures.
• Identify sources of workplace OHS data and treat those which are
subject to privacy legislation appropriately.
• Analyse OHS data to identify trends and suggest possible
solutions.
• Identify effective methods of feedback to managers and
employees to ensure follow-up action.
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• This presentation will introduce the concept of OHS progress
measurement, including the use of Key Performance Indicators
(KPIs) and Positive Performance Indicators (PPIs).
WHY MEASURE OHS PERFORMANCE?
• Allows evaluation and readjustment of OHS focus where
necessary.
• Allows preparation for external audit.
• Performance based OHS requires more investment from
organisation.
• Board and management keen to know the return on this
investment.
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS)
• Negative, outcome or lag indicators:
• Injury/illness related
• Some examples:
• Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR)
• incidence rate.
• Positive, process or leading indicators:
• System related
• Some examples:
• safety inspections complete
• people trained.
OUTCOME MEASURES – THE PROBLEMS
• Unsafe conditions don’t always result in accidents.
• Low reporting makes outcome results look better and so is
subconsciously encouraged.
• Indicators of potentially serious incidents are not recorded.
• Don’t measure delayed outcomes well.
• Often too few accidents to identify patterns in unsafe behavior.
• Outcomes measure past practice not current.
• Don’t indicate which risks are still there.
POSITIVE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (PPIS)
• Address quite a few of the problems.
• Should be used with outcome measures.
• Always have a built in target for performance.
• Developed as a result of the move to performance based OHS
management.
• Encourage the development and maintenance of effective OHS
management systems.
• Rely on good recording and documentation.