BUS RAPID TRANSITIN
CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS
Colin BraderIntegrated Transport Planning Limited
www.itpworld.net
BRT Review and Documentation
Lagos - BRT-Lite (2008) Johannesburg - Rea Vaya (2009) Jakarta – Transjakarta (2004)
Delhi (2008) } Anil Baijal
Ahmedabad (2009) } Anil Baijal
All operating BRT – therefore must be judged as successful!
Each have involved significant institutional and regulatory change – cannot be underestimated
All involve compromise Similar but subtly different objectives that defined design All are evolving to optimise and meet changing demands
BRT Concept
Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT
Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Running Ways
Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment
Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments
Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities
Exclusive alignment with full grade separation
Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities
Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities
Enhanced station services and fare collection
Enhanced berthing, loading and land use features
Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features
Improved boarding accessibility and information features
Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities
Guidance, propulsion and alternative fuels features
Service Improved service frequency and reliability
Extended stop distances, skip-stop and express services
Regional co-ordination, high frequency and reliability
On/off alignment operations and convenient transfer options
Route Structure
Single route with transfer connections
Multiple route operations with transfer facilities and unique identity
Integration with regional network/direct transfer options
Flexible route options to increase one seat rides and reduce transfers
Fare Collection
Increase pre paid fare sales
Introduce proof of payment fare systems
Utilise electronic fare collection system
Implement multi modal smart card system
ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence
Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership
Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times
Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security
A system based approach to bus based public transport
BRT NOT a checklist definition but a spectrum
Cultural and contextual definition IS required
Reference:Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision MakingAugust 2004
Lagos
BRT-Lite
•Single line
•Part of an evolving city wide transport plan
•Circa 170,000 people per day
•Approx. $1.4m per Km
•Speed approx. 13Km/hr
•Two more lines over next 2 years
Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT
Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Running Ways Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment
Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments
Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities
Exclusive alignment with full grade separation where appropriate
Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities
Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities
Enhanced station services, fare collection and passenger access
Enhanced vehicle docking, passenger loading and land use integration
Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features
Improved boarding accessibility and information features
Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities and low emissions
Highest quality, use of alternative fuels, additional user facilities and (possibly) guidance
Service Improved service frequency and reliability
Extended stop distances, express services
Integrated service pattern with area wide coordination, high frequency and reliable run times
On/off alignment operations and convenient (seamless) transfer options
Branding Unified approach to branding
Branding consistent across multiple routes
Integrated branding within all BRT system components
Network wide integrated branding, replicated on vehicle and across all infrastructure
Fare Collection
Increase pre paid fare sales
Proof of payment fare system and multiple fare options
Utilise electronic fare collection system
Implement multimodal smart card system
ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence
Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership
Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security. Coordinated signal control
Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times
To improve travel conditions and provide efficiency in public transport delivery.
With limited budget
Lagos BRT-Lite
Jakarta
Transjakarta
•A BRT Network of 8 routes
•123.35 Km
•Part of a integrated transport plan
•80,000 Pax per day (Line 1)
•Approx. $1.4m per Km (initial)
•Speed approx. 15Km/hr
Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT
Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Running Ways Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment
Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments
Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities
Exclusive alignment with full grade separation where appropriate
Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities
Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities
Enhanced station services, fare collection and passenger access
Enhanced vehicle docking, passenger loading and land use integration
Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features
Improved boarding accessibility and information features
Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities and low emissions
Highest quality, use of alternative fuels, additional user facilities and (possibly) guidance
Service Improved service frequency and reliability
Extended stop distances, express services
Integrated service pattern with area wide coordination, high frequency and reliable run times
On/off alignment operations and convenient (seamless) transfer options
Branding Unified approach to branding
Branding consistent across multiple routes
Integrated branding within all BRT system components
Network wide integrated branding, replicated on vehicle and across all infrastructure
Fare Collection
Increase pre paid fare sales
Proof of payment fare system and multiple fare options
Utilise electronic fare collection system
Implement multimodal smart card system
ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence
Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership
Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security. Coordinated signal control
Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times
To address increasing car ownership, manage congestion and offer safe and efficient public transport
Transjakarta
Johannesburg
Rea Vaya
•First phase of BRT network
•Part of integrated transport plan
•25.5Km
•80,000 Pax per day
•$8-10m per Km
•Speed approx. 28 Km/hr
•High levels of accessibility
Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT
Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Running Ways Shared lanes in
mixed traffic/some
preferential
treatment
Designated
lanes/HOV
lanes/queue
jumper segments
Dedicated lanes
and segregated
facilities
Exclusive
alignment with full
grade separation
where appropriate
Stations Improved shelter,
signage and
amenities
Additional
passenger
information, safety
and security
amenities
Enhanced station
services, fare
collection and
passenger access
Enhanced vehicle
docking, passenger
loading and land
use integration
Vehicles Exterior aesthetic
and ride/comfort
features
Improved boarding
accessibility and
information features
Diversified vehicle
sizes, materials,
capacities and low emissions
Highest quality, use
of alternative fuels,
additional user facilities and
(possibly) guidance
Service Improved service
frequency and
reliability
Extended stop
distances, express
services
Integrated service
pattern with area
wide coordination,
high frequency
and reliable run
times
On/off alignment
operations and
convenient
(seamless) transfer
options
Branding Unified approach
to branding
Branding
consistent across
multiple routes
Integrated
branding within all
BRT system
components
Network wide
integrated
branding,
replicated on vehicle and across
all infrastructure
Fare Collection
Increase pre paid
fare sales
Proof of payment
fare system and multiple fare
options
Utilise electronic
fare collection system
Implement
multimodal smart card system
ITS Signal preference enhancements to
improve travel
time and schedule
adherence
Passenger information to
increase
convenience and
ridership
Vehicle location and surveillance
to improve system
coordination and
safety/security .
Coordinated
signal control
Docking enhancements to
reduce boarding
times
Address inequalities, give confidence in the city and provide safe and efficient passage for users, meeting growth and development needs
Rea Vaya “We are Going”
Ahmedabad & Delhi
Ahmedabad Delhi
Length (2010) 40Km 5.8Km
Daily ridership 110,000 85,000
Speed 25 Km/hr 18 Km/hr
System Closed Open
Physical Definition
Bilateral - LagosService roadsEase of implementationMaintenance of capacityMarket segmentation
All median except Lagos!
Compromise
Not ideal – but it works or can be made to work
Johannesburg Lagos
Jakarta
Service Planning
Direct (complimentary) services – Jo’burg, Delhi
Overlapping Services – Jakarta
Trunk – Feeder with intention for direct – Lagos Ahmedabad
Operator Engagement
Move towards organised provisionDesire/need to include operatorsCompensation and concessionEconomically sub optimal – but delivered
Sustainability? Who has control?
Selling the System – all about people!
Create a ‘peoples project’ - Lagos Wider societal objectives – Jo’burg Anti congestion pro growth – Jakarta Little engagement - Delhi
Political Champions Strong will (Mayor Masondo and MMC
Moosajee) Challenge to doubters (Sutiyosa) Span elections (Tinubu, Fashola and
LAMATA) Leading reform (Chief Minister Modi)
Delivery Entities Rea Vaya
City of Jo’burg
Transjakarta Province of Jakarta
LAMATA Lagos State Govt
Janmarg SPV Govt of Gujarat &
Ahmedabad authorities
Issues Political influence System coordination Potential private involvement
Lessons Learn from elsewhere but don’t be constrained All are part of a wider plan and swiftly implemented Strong leadership and commitment is crucial Emphasis upon delivery – what’s really needed not necessarily what is
desired Acceptance of compromise ONLY if its impact is known and not prejudicial Careful planning is required
Demand User needs Service planning Consultation and engagement
Engagement of existing operators will result in concessions BUT plan a way out
Consider cost plus contracts?
Lessons
Recognising need for continual improvement Accepting that mistakes are part of achievement Many essential lessons for future implementation
Failure is to be found in cities that have problems and no solution